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ABSTRACT: The treatment of osteomyelitis induced by Gram-negative bacilli is rarely reported in the literature. This study established a rabbit tibia model of osteomyelitis induced by Gram-negative bacilli Escherichia coli. Using this model, pellets composed of a chitosan-bonded mixture of borate bioactive glass and gentamicin were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for treating osteomyelitis induced by Escherichia coli. Our results showed that the pellets in phosphate buffered saline released gentamicin continuously over 26 days. Without co-using systematic antibiotic, the implantation of the gentamicin-loaded pellets into the osteomyelitis region of the tibia resulted in the eradication of 81.82% infections based on microbiological, histological and radiographic evaluation, and supported the ingrowth of new bone into the tibia defects after 6 weeks of implantation. The results indicate that the gentamicin-loaded borate bioactive glass implant, combining sustained drug release with the ability to support new bone formation, could provide a method for treating osteomyelitis induced by Gram-negative bacilli.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 04/2013; · 4.84 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Hydroxyapatite (HA) with highly ordered three-dimensional pores, whose size is about 300nm, was prepared by colloidal template
method. The effect of the surface modification of silica spheres on the order degree of porous structure was investigated
by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Then, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were fabricated via redox reaction, followed by coating with silica via a sol–gel process, in which a certain
amount of TEOS was used in order to control the thickness of the silica shell. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), and magnetometry were applied to characterize the properties. Finally, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica were adsorbed in the mesopores of HA with highly ordered three-dimensional pores
by capillarity. The influence of dispersing agent on the adsorption results has been studied. Magnetometry was applied to
characterize the magnetic properties of superparamagnetic HA. The quantities of adsorbed SiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles with core–shell have been compared by variation of saturation magnetization before and after adsorption.
Journal of Materials Science 04/2012; 44(15):4020-4025. · 2.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Borate bioactive glasses are receiving increasing attention as scaffold materials for bone repair and regeneration. In this
study, the kinetics and mechanisms of converting three groups of sodium–calcium–borate glasses with varying CaO:B2O3 ratio to hydroxyapatite (HA) in 0.25M K2HPO4 solution were investigated at 10–70°C. Glass disks with the composition 2Na2O·(2−x)CaO·(6+x)B2O3 (x=0, 0.5, and 1.0) were immersed for up to 8days in the potassium phosphate solution. The conversion kinetics to HA were
monitored by measuring the weight loss of the glass, while X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy were used to study structural and compositional changes. All three groups of glasses formed HA on their
surfaces, showing that the glasses were bioactive. At 10–37°C, the conversion kinetics was well fitted by the contracting
sphere model. Also, the contracting sphere model has a good fit for the early stage of conversion at 70°C, whereas a three-dimensional
(3D) diffusion model provided a good fit to the data of the later stage. The results of this study provide kinetic and structural
data for the design of borate bioactive glasses for potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
Journal of Materials Science 04/2012; 46(1):47-54. · 2.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The bioactive borosilicate scaffolds (R2O-RO-B2O3-SiO2-P2O5) with four different contents of borate were fabricated by replication technique. The bioactivity, degradability and the
cytotoxicity of the scaffolds were studied in this paper. The porosity of the scaffolds was found to be 73%–80%, and the pore
size was in the range of 200–300 μm. The porous scaffolds immersed in 0.02 mol·L−1 K2HPO4 solution were transformed into hydroxyapatite. And it is notable that the D-Alk-2B, D-Alk-3B-scaffolds were covered by hydroxyapatite
layers after 7 h-immersion, which proved their high bioactivity. In the cell adhesion test, cells could be seen growing well
on the scaffolds, showing stretched morphology and obvious pseudopodia, and only the high cumulative concentration of B ions
released from the D-Alk-3B-scaffold samples had an inhibition effect on cell proliferation. But the inhibition effect could
be alleviated by diluting the extract solution to a certain concentration (dilution ratio: 1:8). Therefore, after suitable
pretreatment, the porous borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold can be a desirable candidate for bone tissue engineering.
Chinese Science Bulletin 04/2012; 54(18):3181-3186. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Bioactive glasses and ceramics have been widely investigated for bone repair because of their excellent bioactive characteristics.
However, these biomaterials undergo incomplete conversion into a bone-like material, which severely limits their biomedical
application. In this paper, borosilicate bioactive glasses were prepared by traditional melting process. The results showed
that borosilicate glasses possessed high biocompatibility and bioactivity. In addition, when immersed in a 0.02 mol/L K2HPO4 solution, particles of a borate glass were fully converted to HA. The desirable conversion rate to HA may be achieved through
the adjustment of the B2O3/SiO2 ratio. The results of XRD and FTIR analysis indicated that the degradation product was carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite,
which was similar to the inorganic component of bone
Chinese Science Bulletin 04/2012; 52(2):272-276. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The conversion of 45S5 glass and glass-ceramics to a hydroxyapatite (HA)-like material in vitro has been studied extensively, but only for short reaction times (typically <3 months). In this paper, we report for the first time on the long-term conversion of 45S5 glass-ceramic microspheres (designated 45S5c) in an aqueous phosphate solution. Microspheres of 45S5c (75-150 μm) were immersed for 10 years at room temperature (~25 °C) in K(2)HPO(4) solution with a concentration of 0.01 M or 1.0 M, and with a starting pH of 7.0 or 9.5. The reacted 45S5c microspheres and solutions were analyzed using structural and analytical techniques. Only 25-45 vol% of the 45S5c microspheres were converted to an HA-like material after the 10 year reaction. In solutions with a starting pH of 9.5, an increase in the K(2)HPO(4) concentration from 0.01 to 1.0 M resulted in a doubling of the volume of the microspheres converted to an HA-like material but had little effect on the composition of the HA-like product. In comparison, reaction of the 45S5c microspheres in the solution with a starting pH of 7.0 resulted in an HA-like product in the 0.01 M K(2)HPO(4) solution but a calcium pyrophosphate product, Ca(10)K(4)(P(2)O(7))(6).9H(2)O, in the 1.0 M solution. The consequences of these results for the long-term use of 45S5 glass-ceramics in biomedical applications are discussed.
Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 03/2012; 23(5):1181-91. · 2.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Synchrotron X-ray microcomputed tomography (SR microCT), with a micron resolution, was used to evaluate the osteoconduction and osteointegration by borate bioactive glass after implantation 12 weeks in a rabbit tibia model. The study focused on the biomaterial-bone interface. Results from SR microCT two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions provided precise imaging of the biomaterial-bone integration and detailed microarchitecture of both the bone-like glass graft and the newly formed trabecular bone. Osteoconduction, the formation of new trabecular bone within a tibia defect, occurred only in the tibiae implanted with teicoplanin-loaded borate glass but not in those with teicoplanin-loaded CaSO(4) beads, indicating the excellent biocompatibility of the glass implants. 3D reconstruction of the tibiae also showed the infiltration of vascular tissue in both the bioactive glass graft and the new trabecular bone. This study indicates that SR microCT can serve as a valuable complementary technique for imaging bone repair when using bioactive glass implants.
Tissue Engineering Part A 08/2011; 17(23-24):3077-84. · 4.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The temperature-responsive magnetic composite particles were synthesized by emulsion-free polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylamide (Am) in the presence of oleic acid-modified Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. The magnetic properties and heat generation ability of the composite particles were characterized. Furthermore, temperature and alternating magnetic field (AMF) triggered drug release behaviors of vitamin B(12)-loaded composite particles were also examined. It was found that composite particles enabled drug release to be controlled through temperature changes in the neighborhood of lower critical solution temperature. Continuous application of AMF resulted in an accelerated release of the loaded drug. On the other hand, intermittent AMF application to the composite particles resulted in an "on-off", stepwise release pattern. Longer release duration and larger overall release could be achieved by intermittent application of AMF as compared to continuous magnetic field. Such composite particles may be used for magnetic drug targeting followed by simultaneous hyperthermia and drug release.
Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 08/2011; 22(10):2239-47. · 2.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Bioactive borate glass (BG) has good biocompatibility and biodegradation. To investigate the feasibility of bioactive borate glass as a carrier of the antibiotic controlled-releasing by implanting vancomycin-loaded BG (VBG) into the focus of tibia chronic osteomyelitis after debridement.
VBG and vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate (VCS) were prepared with a vancomycin content of 80 mg/g. Sixty-five New Zealand white rabbits, weighing 2.12-3.91 kg (mean, 2.65 kg), were used. The tibia chronic osteomyelitis rabbit models were established by injecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, 0.1 mL, 1 x 10(9) cfu/mL) into the right tibia of 65 rabbits. After 3 weeks of injection, 54 rabbits of successful models were randomly divided into groups A (n=11), B (n=11), C (n=16), and D (n=16). Simple debridement was performed in group A; BG, VCS, and VBG were implanted into the infection sites of groups B, C, and D respectively after thorough debridement. A sample of the debrided tissues was harvested for bacterial examination. The vancomycin serum levels were determined in groups C and D at 1, 2, 4, 10, 24, and 48 hours after operation. The boron serum levels were determined in groups B and D at 10, 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours after operation. After 8 weeks, the effectiveness was assessed radiographically, bacteriologically, and histopathologically.
Ten rabbits died after operation. No vancomycin was detected in group C; the vancomycin level increased gradually, reached the highest level at 4 hours after operation, and then decreased rapidly in group D. No boron was detected in group B; the boron reached the highest serum level at 10 hours after operation, and then decreased gradually in group D. At 8 weeks, calcium sulfate degraded in group C; BG degraded partially in group D; and no obvious degradation was observed in group B. The repair effect was better in group D than in group C. There was no significant difference in radiograph scoring between groups A, B, C and D (P > 0.05) before operation, but there was significant difference between group D and groups A, B, C (P < 0.05) at 8 weeks after operation. The bacterial culture showed that all the MRSA results were positive in 4 groups. At 8 weeks, the negative rates of MRSA examination were 36.36%, 18.18%, 73.33%, and 81.25% respectively in groups A, B, C, and D, showing significant differences between group D and groups A, B (P < 0.05). The histopathological observation showed that a large number of new bones formed and no foreign body reaction occurred in group D. The histopathologic scores of groups A, B, C, and D were 6.45 +/- 3.62, 7.55 +/- 3.36, 4.27 +/- 2.91, and 3.81 +/- 3.04 respectively, showing significant differences between group D and groups A, B, and between group C and group B (P < 0.05).
VBG can improve the repair of bone defect in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 07/2011; 25(7):830-6.
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ABSTRACT: As a bioactive material, the osteogenic activity of borate bioglass has been proved. To design a novel borate bioglass according to an improved formula and to investigate the effects of the borate bioglass on osteoblasts in vitro for further research and potential clinical application.
The novel Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-P205-B203-SrO borate bioglass was prepared by melting process. The initial and secondary extracts were prepared according to ISO10993-12: 2007 respectively with different extract time of 0-24 hours and 24-48 hours. The osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) of the 5th-15th passages from mouse were cocultured with the initial (initial extract group) and secondary (secondary extract group) extracts, respectively, to assess the effects of the borate bioglass on the cell proliferation, protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, cell apoptosis, and cell migration; while alpha-MEM medium without addition of extract served as control group.
The absorbance values at 450 nm were 0.3560 +/- 0.0187, 0.331 0 +/- 0.025 4, and 0.2040 +/- 0.0138 in initial extract, secondary extract, and control groups, respectively, showing significant differences among 3 groups (P < 0.05). The total protein contents were (382.847 +/- 9.521), (226.071 +/- 5.847), and (220.248 +/- 8.213) U in initial extract, secondary extract, and control groups, respectively; there were significant differences between initial extract group and control group, and between initial extract group and secondary group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between secondary extract group and control group (P > 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the ALP activity [(0.01301 +/- 0.00039), (0.012 93 +/- 0.00044), and (0.012 92 +/- 0.000 35) U/mg], apoptosis rate (7.03% +/- 1.95%, 6.46% +/- 2.88%, and 6.18% +/- 2.21%), horizontal migration [(137.50 +/- 11.43), (134.98 +/- 10.50), (135.21 +/- 8.66) microm], and transmembrane cell number [(10.92 +/- 4.99), (10.07 +/- 2.50), and (9.81 +/- 2.64) cells/field] among initial extract, secondary extract, and control groups (P > 0.05).
This novel borate bioglass has excellent cytocompatibility, which plays regulatory effects on the cell proliferation, secretion, and migration.
Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery 05/2011; 25(5):606-9.
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ABSTRACT: High surgical bed occupancy levels often result in heightened staff stress, frequent surgical cancellations, and long surgical wait times. This congestion is in part attributable to surgical scheduling practices, which often focus on the efficient use of operating rooms but ignore resulting downstream bed utilization. This paper describes a transparent and portable approach to improve scheduling practices, which combines a Monte Carlo simulation model and a mixed integer programming (MIP) model. For a specified surgical schedule, the simulation samples from historical case records and predicts bed requirements assuming no resource constraints. The MIP model complements the simulation model by scheduling both surgeon blocks and patient types to reduce peak bed occupancies. Scheduling guidelines were developed from the optimized schedules to provide surgical planners with a simple and implementable alternative to the MIP model. This approach has been tested and delivered to planners in a health authority in British Columbia, Canada. The models have been used to propose new surgical schedules and to evaluate the impact of proposed system changes on ward congestion.
Production and Operations Management 04/2011; 20(3):418 - 430. · 1.30 Impact Factor
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Weibin Zhang,
Yuhui Shen,
Haobo Pan,
Kaili Lin,
Xiaoguo Liu,
Brian W Darvell,
William W Lu,
Jiang Chang,
Lianfu Deng,
Deping Wang, Wenhai Huang
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ABSTRACT: Strontium (Sr) plays a special role in bone remodelling, being associated with both the stimulation of bone formation and a reduction in bone resorption. Thus, the modification of biomaterials by partial or full substitution by Sr is expected to increase both bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, such effects have to be studied individually. Although no phase transition was found in Sr-substituted hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA), Sr-containing calcium silicate (Sr-CS) or Sr-containing borosilicate (Sr-BS), their biological performance was substantially affected by changes in the physico-chemical properties and Sr content of the materials. Three distinct outcomes were found for the presence of Sr: (1) increased HA solubility; (2) no significant effect on the degradation rate of CS; (3) apparent inhibition of the otherwise rapid degradation of BS. In each case the released Sr affected osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity, with clear evidence that an optimum Sr dose exists. Such chemical and biological variations must be disentangled for the behaviour to be properly understood and materials design to be advanced.
Acta biomaterialia 02/2011; 7(2):800-8. · 3.98 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to synthesize use of hydroxyapatite as a high-efficiency adsorbent for Ni(II) ions, and to study its adsorption behavior. Three tests--Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller were carried out to determine the chemical functionality of the hydroxyapatite powders, to observe its crystal morphology, and to measure the specific surface area. Results indicate that proves the n-HA synthesized by chemical precipitation is an effective adsorbent for the removal of Ni(II) ions from water solution. The synthesized, needle-like nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) have a uniform average size of 31.9 X 21.3nm, a large specific surface area (135 m2/g), and typically is a weak crystal with a broad pore distribution. The adsorption isotherm shows the Langmuir model is applicable only when the initial Ni2+ concentration is lower than 0.1 mol/L. Multilayer adsorption was attributed to uneven pore distribution that occurred at higher Ni2+ concentration. The adsorption of Ni2+ onto n-HA was attributed to electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and dissolution-precipitation reaction. As the result, Ni2+ substitutes Ca2+ and binds with the oxygen atom on the surface, which resulted from the change in crystal-phase composition and in the binding energy of surface elements of n-HA before and after adsorption.
Water Environment Research 11/2010; 82(11):2279-84. · 0.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The conversion of glass to a hydroxyapatite (HA) material in an aqueous phosphate solution is used as an indication of the bioactive potential of the glass, as well as a low temperature route for preparing biologically useful materials. In this work, the effect of varying concentrations of pyrophosphate ions in the phosphate solution on the conversion of a calcium-lithium-borate glass to HA was investigated. Particles of the glass (150-355 μm) were immersed for up to 28 days in 0.25 M K(2)HPO(4) solution containing 0-0.1 M K(4)P(2)O(7). The kinetics of degradation of the glass particles and their conversion to HA were monitored by measuring the weight loss of the particles and the ionic concentration of the solution. The structure and composition of the conversion products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. For K(4)P(2)O(7) concentrations of up to 0.01 M, the glass particles converted to HA, but the time for complete conversion increased from 2 days (no K(4)P(2)O(7)) to 10 days (0.01 M K(4)P(2)O(7)). When the K(4)P(2)O(7) concentration was increased to 0.1 M, the product consisted of an amorphous calcium phosphate material, which eventually crystallized to a pyrophosphate product (predominantly K(2)CaP(2)O(7) and Ca(2)P(2)O(7)). The consequences of the results for the formation of HA materials and devices by the glass conversion route are discussed.
Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 10/2010; 21(10):2733-41. · 2.32 Impact Factor
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Xin Zhang,
Weitao Jia,
Yifei Gu,
Wei Xiao,
Xin Liu,
Deping Wang,
Changqing Zhang, Wenhai Huang,
Mohamed N Rahaman,
Delbert E Day,
Nai Zhou
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ABSTRACT: The treatment of chronic osteomyelitis (bone infection) remains a clinical challenge. In this work, pellets composed of a chitosan-bonded mixture of borate bioactive glass particles (<50microm) and teicoplanin powder (antibiotic), were evaluated in vitro and in vivo for treating chronic osteomyelitis induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a rabbit model. When immersed in phosphate-buffered saline, the pellets showed sustained release of teicoplanin over 20-30 days, while the bioactive glass converted to hydroxyapatite (HA) within 7 days, eventually forming a porous HA structure. Implantation of the teicoplanin-loaded pellets in a rabbit tibia osteomyelitis model resulted in the detection of teicoplanin in the blood for about 9 days. The implants converted to a bone-like HA graft, and supported the ingrowth of new bone into the tibia defects within 12 weeks of implantation. Microbiological, histological and scanning electron microscopy techniques showed that the implants provided a cure for the bone infection. The results indicate that the teicoplanin-loaded borate bioactive glass implant, combining sustained drug release with the ability to support new bone ingrowth, could provide a method for treating chronic osteomyelitis.
Biomaterials 08/2010; 31(22):5865-74. · 7.40 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Porous scaffolds of a borate-based glass (composition in mol%: 6Na2O, 8K2O, 8MgO, 22CaO, 36B2O3, 18SiO2, 2P2O5), with interconnected porosity of approximately 70% and pores of size 200-500 microm, were prepared by a polymer foam replication technique. The degradation of the scaffolds and conversion to a hydroxyapatite-type material in a 0.02 M K2HPO4 solution (starting pH = 7.0) at 37 degrees C were studied by measuring the weight loss of the scaffolds, as well as the pH and the boron concentration of the solution. X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that a hydroxyapatite-type material was formed on the glass surface within 7 days of immersion in the phosphate solution. Cellular response to the scaffolds was assessed using murine MLO-A5 cells, an osteogenic cell line. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffolds supported cell attachment and proliferation during the 6 day incubation. The results indicate that this borate-based glass could provide a promising degradable scaffold material for bone tissue engineering applications.
Biomedical Materials 02/2010; 5(1):15005. · 2.16 Impact Factor
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12/2009: pages 171 - 182; , ISBN: 9780470339749
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate borate bioactive glass scaffolds (with a composition in the system Na(2)O-K(2)O-MgO-CaO-B(2)O(3)-P(2)O(5)) as devices for the release of the drug Vancomycin in the treatment of bone infection. A solution of ammonium phosphate, with or without dissolved Vancomycin, was used to bond borate glass particles into the shape of pellets. The in vitro degradation of the pellets and their conversion to a hydroxyapatite-type material in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were investigated using weight loss measurements, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that greater than 90% of the glass in the scaffolds degraded within 1 week, to form poorly crystallized hydroxyapatite (HA). Pellets loaded with Vancomycin provided controlled release of the drug over 4 days. Vancomycin-loaded scaffolds were implanted into the right tibiae of rabbits infected with osteomyelitis. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed using microbiological examination and histology. The HA formed in the scaffolds in vivo, resulting from the conversion of the glass, served as structure to support the growth of new bone and blood vessels. The results in this work indicate that bioactive borate glass could provide a promising biodegradable and bioactive material for use as both a drug delivery system and a scaffold for bone repair.
Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 10/2009; 21(2):575-82. · 2.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of a degradable and bioactive borate glass has been compared with the clinically used calcium sulfate in the treatment of osteomyelitis of rabbits, as a carrier for vancomycin. The bone infections were induced in the tibias of 65 rabbits by injecting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). After 3 weeks, these rabbits were distributed into 4 groups and treated by debridement. Pure borate glass (BG), vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate (VCS) and vancomycin-loaded borate glass (VBG) were implanted into the infection sites of groups 2 to 4 respectively. After 8 weeks, the effectiveness of treatment was assessed radiographically, bacteriologically, and histopathologically. The results showed that the negative rates of MRSA examination for rabbits were 36.36%, 18.18%, 73.33% and 81.25% respectively for groups 1 to 4. Significant differences were observed radiographically, bacteriologically, and histopathologically between groups 1 and 4, groups 2 and 3, and between groups 2 and 4. The best result of treatment was observed in group 4. Radiographically, VBG was found to be mostly reabsorbed and replaced by lots of new bones, whereas, VCS was completely reabsorbed and replaced by modest new bones. Histopathologically, there were lots of newly formed bones around VBG without any foreign body response, and only modest new bones around VCS with obvious foreign body response. VBG proved to have excellent biocompatibility and to be very effective in eradicating osteomyelitis and simultaneously stimulating bone regeneration, avoiding the disadvantages of VCS.
Journal of Controlled Release 07/2009; 139(2):118-26. · 5.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Bioactive borosilicate glass scaffolds with the pores of several hundred micrometers and a competent compressive strength were prepared through replication method. The in vitro degradation and bioactivity behaviors of the scaffolds have been investigated by immersing the scaffolds statically in diluted phosphate solution at 37 degrees C, up to 360 h. To monitor the degradation progress of the scaffolds, the amount of leaching elements from the scaffolds were determined by ICP-AES. The XRD and SEM results reveal that, during the degradation of scaffolds, the borosilicate scaffolds converted to hydroxyapatite. The compressive strength of the scaffolds decreased during degradation, in the way that can be well predicted by the degradation products, or the leachates, from the scaffolds. MTT assay results demonstrate that the degradation products have little, if any, inhibition effect on the cell proliferation, when diluted to a certain concentration ([B] <2.690 and pH value at neutral level). The study shows that borosilicate glass scaffold could be a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering material.
Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 01/2009; 20(6):1237-43. · 2.32 Impact Factor
