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ABSTRACT: The effects of acute exercise on arterial compliance in older adults are unknown. Large and small arterial compliance were assessed during and 24 hours following a 30-minute bicycle ergometer test and on a nonexercise, control condition. The change in large artery compliance was similar between the exercise and nonexercise conditions (P = 0.876). Small artery compliance during the exercise day was higher than the nonexercise day at 45, 60, and 75 minutes following exercise (P < .001), was 17% higher 30 minutes postexercise than at rest (P < .001), and decreased by 20% between 30 minutes (4.5 ± 0.4 mL/mm Hg × 100) and 120 minutes (3.6 ± 0.3 mL/mm Hg × 100) after exercise (P = .027). The current study shows 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise transiently increases small arterial compliance 30 minutes after exercise but does not elicit more sustained increases in either large or small arterial compliance.
Angiology 01/2011; 62(1):33-7. · 1.51 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine (1) whether obese older adults had higher prevalence of falls and ambulatory stumbling, impaired balance and lower health-related quality of life (HRQL) than their normal weight counterparts, and (2) whether the falls and balance measures were associated with HRQL in obese adults.
Subjects who had a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2 were classified into an obese group (n = 128) while those with BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 were included into a normal weight group (n = 88). Functional tests were performed to assess balance, and questionnaires were administered to assess history of falls, ambulatory stumbling, and HRQL.
The obese group reported a higher prevalence of falls (27% vs. 15%), and ambulatory stumbling (32% vs. 14%) than the normal weight group. Furthermore, the obese group had lower HRQL, (p < or = 0.05) for physical function (63 +/- 27 vs. 75 +/- 26; mean +/- SD), role-physical (59 +/- 40 vs. 74 +/- 37), vitality (58 +/- 23 vs. 66 +/- 20), bodily pain (62 +/- 25 vs. 74 +/- 21) and general health (64 +/- 19 vs. 70 +/- 18). In the obese group, a history of falls was related (p < or = 0.05) to lower scores in 4 domains of HRQL, and ambulatory stumbling was related (p < or = 0.01) to 7 domains.
In middle-aged and older adults, obesity was associated with a higher prevalence of falls and stumbling during ambulation, as well as lower values in multiple domains of HRQL. Furthermore, a history of falls and ambulatory stumbling were related to lower measures of HRQL in obese adults.
Dynamic Medicine 02/2008; 7:4.
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ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine whether differences in large and small arterial compliance existed among normal weight, overweight, and obese older men and women, and whether large and small arterial compliance were associated with abdominal, hip, and subcutaneous fat distribution. A total of 134 individuals who were 40 years of age and older (age = 62 +/- 11 years; mean +/- SD) were grouped into normal weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2; n = 33), overweight (BMI: 25.0-29.9 kg/m2; n = 48), or obese (BMI: > or =30.0 kg/m2; n = 53) categories. The hemodynamic and arterial compliance measurements were obtained using the HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 CardioVascular Profiling System (Hypertension Diagnostics, Inc). Body mass index, nine-site sum of skinfolds, and circumference measures around the hip and waist were used for analysis. Large and small arterial compliance was lower (p < 0.001) in the obese group (12.4 +/- 4.8 ml/mmHg x 10 vs 4.6 +/- 2.5 ml/mmHg x 100, respectively) than the normal weight (16.2 +/- 4.9 ml/mmHg x 10 vs 5.5 +/- 2.7 ml/mmHg x 100) and overweight (15.2 +/- 4.3 ml/mmHg x 10 vs 5.0 +/- 2.2 ml/mmHg x 100) groups. This difference remained (p < 0.001) after adjusting for body surface area, sex, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Additionally, large arterial compliance correlated (p < 0.05) with sum of skinfolds (r = - 0.209), while small arterial compliance correlated with hip circumference (r = - 0.189). Arterial compliance measures were not related (p > 0.05) to waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. In conclusion, obesity was associated with a decrease in large and small arterial compliance independent of conventional risk factors. Additionally, subcutaneous fat and fat around the hips were inversely related to arterial compliance.
Vascular Medicine 08/2007; 12(3):183-8. · 1.46 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether differences in vascular reactivity existed among normal weight, overweight, and obese older men and women, and to examine the association between abdominal fat distribution and vascular reactivity.
Eighty-seven individuals who were 60 years of age or older (age = 69 +/- 7 yrs; mean +/- SD) were grouped into normal weight (BMI < 25; n = 30), overweight (BMI > or = 25 and < 30; n = 28), or obese (BMI > or = 30; n = 29) categories. Calf blood flow (BF) was assessed by venous occlusion strain-gauge plethysmography at rest and post-occlusive reactive hyperemia.
Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia BF was lower (p = 0.038) in the obese group (5.55 +/- 4.67%/min) than in the normal weight group (8.34 +/- 3.89%/min). Additionally, change in BF from rest to post-occlusion in the obese group (1.93 +/- 2.58%/min) was lower (p = 0.001) than in the normal weight group (5.21 +/- 3.59%/min), as well as the percentage change (75 +/- 98% vs. 202 +/- 190%, p = 0.006, respectively). After adjusting for age, prevalence in hypertension and calf skinfold thickness, change in BF values remained lower (p < 0.05) in obese subjects compared to the normal weight subjects. Lastly, the absolute and percentage change in BF were significantly related to BMI (r = -0.44, p < 0.001, and r = -0.37, p < 0.001, respectively) and to waist circumference (r = -0.36, p = 0.001, and r = -0.32, p = 0.002).
Obesity and abdominal adiposity impair vascular reactivity in older men and women, and these deleterious effects on vascular reactivity are independent of conventional risk factors.
Dynamic Medicine 02/2007; 6:4.
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ABSTRACT: Physical activity is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) in clinical populations, but less is known whether this relationship exists in older men and women who are healthy. Thus, this study determined if physical activity was related to HRQL in apparently healthy, older subjects.
Measures were obtained from 112 male and female volunteers (70 +/- 8 years, mean +/- SD) recruited from media advertisements and flyers around the Norman, Oklahoma area. Data was collected using a medical history questionnaire, HRQL from the Medical Outcomes Survey short form-36 questionnaire, and physical activity level from the Johnson Space Center physical activity scale. Subjects were separated into either a higher physically active group (n = 62) or a lower physically active group (n = 50) according to the physical activity scale.
The HRQL scores in all eight domains were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the group reporting higher physical activity. Additionally, the more active group had fewer females (44% vs. 72%, p = 0.033), and lower prevalence of hypertension (39% vs. 60%, p = 0.041) than the low active group. After adjusting for gender and hypertension, the more active group had higher values in the following five HRQL domains: physical function (82 +/- 20 vs. 68 +/- 21, p = 0.029), role-physical (83 +/- 34 vs. 61 +/- 36, p = 0.022), bodily pain (83 +/- 22 vs. 66 +/- 23, p = 0.001), vitality (74 +/- 15 vs. 59 +/- 16, p = 0.001), and social functioning (92 +/- 18 vs. 83 +/- 19, p = 0.040). General health, role-emotional, and mental health were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the two groups.
Healthy older adults who regularly participated in physical activity of at least moderate intensity for more than one hour per week had higher HRQL measures in both physical and mental domains than those who were less physically active. Therefore, incorporating more physical activity into the lifestyles of sedentary or slightly active older individuals may improve their HRQL.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 02/2006; 4:37. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose was to identify the association between lower-extremity function and arterial compliance in older men and women. Participants included 46 healthy men (n = 18) and women (n = 28) 60 years of age or older. Lower-extremity functional performance was assessed by the summary performance score (SPS) that includes tests of 5 timed repeated chair rises, standing balance, and 4-meter walking velocity. Arterial compliance and arterial pressure were analyzed through pulsewave analysis. Small arterial compliance (3.74 +/- 2.14; mean +/- SD) was related (r = 0.34, P = .028) to SPS (11.09 +/- 1.19) after adjusting for body surface area, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (138 +/- 14) also was related to SPS (r = -0.314, P = .040). These results suggest diminished lower-extremity function is associated with decreased small arterial compliance and elevated arterial pressure in older men and women.
Angiology 59(2):203-8. · 1.51 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compare the gender and age-related differences in vascular reactivity in healthy men and women across a wide age range. Fifty-seven men and 61 women between 20 and 89 years of age, free of cardiovascular disease and risk factors, were categorized into younger (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years), and older (60-89 years) age groups. Subjects were characterized on body weight and height, body mass index (BMI), and calf blood flow under resting, postocclusive reactive hyperemic (PORH), and maximal hyperemic conditions in the lower extremity with use of venous occlusion mercury strain-gauge plethysmography. Similar baseline characteristics were observed among age groups, whereas men had greater body weight (p<0.05), higher BMI values (p<0.05), and a trend toward higher ankle-brachial index (ABI) values (p=0.054) than women. While calf blood flow measurements were similar for men and women at rest and at maximal hyperemic conditions, women had a greater percentage change in calf blood flow from rest to PORH than men (p=0.046). After adjusting for body weight, BMI, and ABI, the percentage change in calf blood flow from rest to PORH was no longer significantly higher in the women (p>0.05). Furthermore, the percentage change in calf blood flow from rest to PORH was negatively related to body weight (r = -0.30, p<0.01) and to BMI (r = -0.26, p<0.01) in the men and women. No differences (p>0.05) in the calf blood flow measures were observed among the age groups. In a healthy cohort free of cardiovascular disease, increased BMI accounted for poorer vascular reactivity in men compared to women regardless of age.
Angiology 57(6):702-8. · 1.51 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) features on arterial elasticity of the large and small arteries in apparently healthy adults, to examine the effect of clustered features of MS, and to determine which features are most predictive of large and small artery elasticity. The subjects for this study consisted of 126 men and women, age 45 years and older. The subjects rested supine while pulse contour analysis was measured from the radial artery by using an HDI/Pulsewave CR-2000 instrument (Hypertension Diagnostic, Inc) to assess arterial elasticity in the large and small arteries. Medical history was obtained along with body mass index, waist circumference, body surface area, and blood pressure. Large artery elasticity was lower (p = 0.002) in subjects with hypertension (12.7 -/+ 4.3 mL/mm Hg x 10) than in those with normotension (15.0 -/+ 4.2 mL/mm Hg x 10; mean -/+ SD), and small artery elasticity was lower (p = 0.001) as well (3.9 -/+2.3 mL/mm Hg x 100 vs 5.3 -/+ 2.5 mL/mm Hg x 100). Large artery elasticity was lower (p = 0.02) in obese subjects (12.2 -/+ 4.9 mL/mm Hg x 10) than in nonobese subjects (14.2 -/+ 4.5 mL/mm Hg x 10), and large artery elasticity was lower (p = 0.04) in subjects with abdominal obesity (12.2 -/+ 4.5 mL/mm Hg x 10) than in those without (14.5 -/+ 4.8 mL/mm Hg x 10). Large artery elasticity decreased as the number of features of MS increased (p < 0.01). Multiple regression showed that body mass index and the presence of hypertension were predictors of large artery elasticity (R = 0.61, R2 = 0.37, p = 0.003, SEE = 3.60 mL/mm Hg x 10), and hypertension was a predictor of small artery elasticity (R = 0.53, R2 = 0.28, p = 0.001, SEE = 2.12 mL/mm Hg x 100). Hypertension and obesity are the features of MS that are most predictive of impairment in large and small artery elasticity in apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, impairment in large artery elasticity is more evident in subjects with at least three features of MS.
Angiology 58(1):5-10. · 1.51 Impact Factor
