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ABSTRACT: To assess the changes and the leading cause of deaths for children under 5 years old, in China, during 2000 - 2010, with the aim of evaluation on the progress in achieving the relative goal set by "National Program of Action for Child Development in China (2001 - 2010)", and understanding the related challenges.
Data used in this study were collected from the population-based National Maternal and Child's Health Surveillance Network of China. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Under-5-mortality rate (U5MR) and the leading cause of deaths for under-5 children were analyzed.
Nationwide IMR and U5MR in 2010 dropped by 59.3% and 58.7% respectively, compared to that in 2000. Decreases by 50.8% and 47.1% in IMR and U5MR were observed in urban areas, and 56.5% and 56.0% in rural areas during this period. Compared with data from 2000, the leading causes-specific U5MR in 2010 had significantly declined. The top 5 leading causes of death in 2010 were premature birth/low birth weight, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, congenital heart disease and accidental suffocation, but were different in urban and rural areas. In 2010, both IMR and U5MR from the rural areas were 2.8-folds than that of the urban areas. In addition, IMRs in the Middle and Western parts of China were 1.5 and 2.3-folds respectively of that in the East, and U5MR in Middle and West was 1.5 and 2.2-folds respectively of that in East.
IMR, U5MR and the leading causes specific mortality rate in China declined remarkably from 2000 to 2010, and the goal set by "National Program of Action for Child Development in China (2001 - 2010)" had been successfully achieved. However, the disparity on child's health in regions and in urban or rural areas, still remained a challenge.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 06/2012; 33(6):558-61.
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ABSTRACT: A Bayesian geostatistical model was used to identify factors related to topographical variation in the analysis of mortality risk for children less than 5 years of age in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the People's Republic of China. Epidemiological data from a standardized survey were available from 115 locations across the study area. Physical and demographic factors measured directly at the township level were examined with respect to risk. The geostatistical model explicitly accounted for spatial correlation present in child mortality by fitting a Gaussian linear model to the data. Results identified the role of several factors in explaining geographical heterogeneity in child mortality and show that it was significantly correlated with earthquake intensity, population density, migrant labour, and the percentage of collapsed houses.
Geospatial health 05/2012; 6(2):247-55. · 3.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To study the transfection and expression of the splicing variants of alpha1, 3-galactosyltransferase cDNA of Chinese Banna Minipig Inbred Line (BMI) in human A549 cells.
Full length of alpha1,3-GT gene cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA of BMI liver tissue and cloned into T-A cloning vector. Two different splicing variants of BMI alpha1,3-GT cDNA were confirmed by sequencing 15 positive clones and inserted respectively into pEGFP-N1 to construct eukaryotic expression vectors pN-GT1 and pN-GT2. The vectors were transfected into human lung adenocacinoma A549 cells and the expression of alpha1,3-GT gene was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of the a-Gal epitopes on transfected cells was confirmed under fluorescent microscope and by flow cytometry using FITC-BS-IB4 lectin. The binding of IgM and complement C3 in human serum to a-Gal on transfected cells were measured by flow cytometry using FITC-anti-IgM and FITC-anti-C3.
There was no other splicing variants of alpha1,3-GT cDNA found in BMI except GT1 and GT2, which were 1116 bp and 1080 bp in length respectively, the latter lacks exon 5. The expression of BMI alpha1,3-GT mRNA and the synthesis of a-Gal on A549 cells transfected with either pN-GT1 or pN-GT2 were detected, and the binding of IgM nature antibodies and complements C3 in human serum on transfected A549 cells were observed. The expression level of alpha-Gal and the deposits of IgM and C3 on transffected cells showed no significant difference between pN-GT1 and pN-GT2.
The splicing variants of alpha1,3-GT cDNA of BMI could express in human cells, which provide the basis for genetic manipulation of the alpha1,3-GT of BMI for future xenotransplantation studies.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 03/2012; 43(2):145-50.
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ABSTRACT: Birth defects are a global public health problem because of their large contribution to infant mortalities and disabilities. It is estimated that 4%-6% of Chinese newborns are affected by birth defects every year. Surveillance is a basic approach to understanding the occurrence and associated factors of birth defects. The Ministry of Health of China initiated a national hospital-based birth defects monitoring system 20 years ago. Nearly every province in this country has established its own surveillance system in the past. The authors reviewed the result of the monitoring system at different administrative levels in China.
Available publications on the surveillance of birth defects and data from national and provincial birth defects surveillance systems were reviewed to evaluate the effectiveness of the surveillance systems.
According to the 2009 data, the national hospital-based birth defects surveillance system monitored over 1.3 million births, which accounted for more than 8% of births in China. In addition, 30 provincial hospital-based surveillance programs covered a birth population of more than 3.6 million (22% of births in China). Great achievements have been made in terms of case ascertainment, data quality control, and online reporting. But the surveillance systems in China still have some limitations. A short ascertainment period may miss some internal anomalies, inherited metabolic diseases, and malformed fetus aborted before the 28th gestational week. Discrepancies in antenatal or postnatal diagnosis of birth defects between surveillance institutes may affect the detection rate and introduce biases. Absence of baseline data and lack of integrated database systems limit the application of surveillance data to etiological studies and affect the process of decision-making.
The surveillance system for birth defects is prerequisite to propose, conduct and assess any interventions for the disease. To meet the need of study and prevention of birth defects, measures should be taken to improve the national and provincial birth defects surveillance systems in China.
World Journal of Pediatrics 11/2011; 7(4):302-10. · 1.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To analyze time trend and regional disparities in maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and major causes of maternal death in China from 1996 to 2010.
Data used in this study were based on national maternal mortality surveillance system. From 1996 to 2005, it included 176 monitoring districts (countries) in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in the inner land. From 2006 to the present, it covered 336 districts (countries). MMR, major causes of maternal death and their reduction margin, average annual reduction rate in different times and regions from 1996 to 2010 were analyzed. The trend and regional differences in MMRs and major causes of mortality were analyzed using Cochran-Armitage trend and Poisson Test.
From 1996 to 2010, Chinese MMR has decreased by 53.2% from 64.7 in 1996 to 30.0 per 100 000 live births in 2010. MMR was higher in rural areas (30.1/100 000) than in urban areas (29.7/100 000), and highest in the west region (46.1/100 000) followed by the middle region (29.1/100 000) and the east region (17.8/100 000) in 2010. MMR in east, middle and west regions have decreased by 37.76%, 57.02% and 66.27% respectively from 1996 to 2010. The disparities between different regions were decreasing. From 2006 to 2010, MMR in rural areas has dropped to 1.82 times of the city, and that in the west was 3 times of the east. Obstetric hemorrhage was still the leading cause of maternal death, responsible for 47.9% maternal deaths in 1996 and 27.8% in 2010. The risk of death due to obstetric hemorrhage was decreasing.
The MMR in China showed the decreasing trends. Although the regional disparities were still remarkable, they demonstrated narrowing trends. Interventions on maternal death should be focused in rural areas and west regions.
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 10/2011; 45(10):934-9.
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ABSTRACT: Microtubule-binding agents (MBAs) form one of the most important anticancer-drug families, but their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. MBAs such as paclitaxel (PTX) stabilize microtubules, whereas XRP44X (a novel pyrazole) and combretastatins A4 (CA4) destabilize microtubules. These two different types of MBAs have potent antitumor activity. Comparisons of their effects on signal transduction and cellular responses will help uncover the molecular mechanism by which MBAs affect tumor cells. We used MCF-7 cells to compare the effects of the three MBAs on the cytoskeleton, cell cycle distribution, and activation of the three major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades [extracellular signal-related kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK] using pharmacological inhibitors. The G2/M phase arrest was induced following polymerization of microtubules by PTX and depolymerization by XRP44X and CA4. The three major MAPKs were rapidly activated by XRP44X, and extracellular signal-related kinases and p38 by PTX, whereas JNK did not quickly respond to PTX. Pharmacological inhibitors indicated that activation of JNK is principally required for XRP44X- and CA4-induced microtubule depolymerization and G2/M phase arrest. Our results suggest that early phosphorylation of JNK is a specific mechanism involved in microtubule depolymerization by certain MBAs.
Anti-cancer drugs 09/2011; 23(1):98-107. · 2.23 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Epirubicin (EPI) is one of the most effective drugs against cancer. But the acquired resistance of cancer cells to EPI is becoming a major obstacle for successful cancer therapy. Recently, some studies have revealed that macroautophagy (here referred to as autophagy) may protect the cancer cell from anticancer drug-induced death, so autophagy might be related to the development of drug resistance to these reagents. However, the relationship between autophagy and drug resistance has yet to be defined. Our study showed that EPI induced autophagy in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. And the EPI-induced autophagy protected MCF-7 cells from EPI-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagy was elevated in EPI-resistant MCF-7 cells (MCF-7er cells), and inhibition of autophagy restored the sensitivity of MCF-7er cells to EPI. Therefore, autophagy is a prosurvival factor and has a role in the development of EPI-acquired resistance in EPI-treated MCF-7 cells. Also, this finding indicates that the use of clinically applicable autophagy inhibitors might be one of the important strategies for breast cancer therapy.
Autophagy 09/2011; 7(9):1035-44. · 7.45 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the incidence and its secular trends of gastroschisis in Chinese perinatal infants.
Data on perinatal infants was collected at hospitals under surveillance program in Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network from 1996 to 2007. Data on incidence, trend and related factors of gastroschisis in perinatal infants were carried out. Both χ(2) test and Poisson regression model were used to test the differences between residential areas, sex and maternal age. Both χ(2) trends test and Poisson regression model were applied to analyze the trends.
A total of 6 308 594 perinatal infants were monitored during 1996 - 2007, including 1601 infants with gastroschisis to show the incidence as 2.54 per 10 000 births. The overall prevalence of gastroschisis in China did not change remarkably during the period of our research. The incidence rates of gastroschisis were significantly different between urban and rural areas, between different sex and different maternal age groups. The incidence of gastroschisis was lower in urban area than in rural area (RR = 0.58) and lower in female fetuses than in male fetuses (RR = 0.76), highest in the group younger than 20 years of age, which was 11.43 times than incidence of the 30 - 34 age group (RR = 11.432).
The overall prevalence of gastroschisis in China did not show remarkable change during 1996 - 2007 but the incidence of gastroschisis a bit increased in the area of study and significant differences were seen in different sex, regions and maternal age groups. Mothers aged younger than 20 years old appeared to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of gastroschisis.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 03/2011; 32(3):268-70.
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ABSTRACT: To understand the trends of diarrhea mortality rate, pre-death diagnosis and treatment of children under-5 in China, from 1996 to 2006.
We used data obtained from the 1996 to 2006 national child mortality surveillance network, including 116 counties (cities) throughout China, to evaluate the under 5 mortality rate (U5MR) due to diarrhea in different geographical areas, and related factors of under 5 children mortality due to diarrhea.
Data from the national U5MR due to diarrhea fell from 249.8 in 1996 to 75.6 per 100 000 live births, in 2006. The U5MR due to diarrhea in urban reduces from 11.6 in 1996 to 6.1 per 100 000 live births in 2006, with a reduction of 47.4%. The U5MR due to diarrhea in rural decreased from 304.7 in 1996 to 94.3 per 100 000 live births in 2006, with a reduction of 69.1%. The U5MR due to diarrhea in coastal, inland and remote areas fell from 48.9, 178.9 and 566.9 in 1996 to 6.2, 30.4 and 199.2 per 100 000 live births in 2006, with a reduction of 87.3%, 83.0% and 64.9%, respectively. Among the rural children died of diarrhea, about 37.9% were diagnosed in a village clinic, 15.1% never received any diagnostic procedure. Nearly 20% of the patients had not been treated, with 50% - 60% of them had only been treated in an outpatient department.
During 1996 - 2006, the U5MR due to diarrhea showed a substantially downward trend in China but the disparities between urban and rural, remote and coastal, areas were increasing.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 09/2010; 31(9):1022-5.
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Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 09/2010; 31(9):1068-9.
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ABSTRACT: To study the epidemiological and clinical features of congenital split hand/split foot malformation (SHFM) in Chinese population.
Data used in this study were provided by the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network. The SHFM cases were categorized into two groups: isolated (SHFM only and SHFM with other limb defects) and syndromic (SHFM with non-limb defects). Prevalence rates were calculated by residential area (urban versus rural) and by gender. Further analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of SHFM with related to gestational age, birth weight, perinatal outcome and affected limbs.
A total of 736 newborn babies were identified with SHFM among 4,489,692 births, with a prevalence of 1.64/10,000. The prevalence of isolated SHFM and syndromic SHFM were 0.64 and 1.00 per 10,000 births, respectively. The prevalence of SHFM in male and female babies were 1.79 and 1.25 per 10,000 births, respectively. The prevalence of SHFM in urban and rural areas were 1.51 and 1.86 per 10,000 births, respectively. Preterm birth and low birth weight accounted for 30.20% and 43.93% of the SHFM cases, respectively. The perinatal mortality for the SHFM, isolated SHFM, and syndromic SHFM were 50.27%, 24.74%, and 66.59%, respectively. SHFM occurred more often in upper limbs.
The prevalence of SHFM in Chinese population is greater than foreign populations. The high perinatal mortality rate of SHFM is associated with the severity of accompanied malformations.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 03/2010; 41(2):320-3.
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ABSTRACT: To identify the trend and pattern of mortality from congenital malformations in children under 5 years old in China.
Data from 1996 to 2006 were obtained from the national child mortality surveillance network, which included 116 counties (cities) throughout China. A descriptive analysis was performed on birth defect-specific mortality (U5MR) in children under 5 years old.
The national birth defect-specific U5MR decreased from 412.0 per 100,000 live births in 1996 to 342.2 per 100,000 live births in 2006. The declining trend in birth defect-specific U5MR was more obvious from 2003 to 2006. The same pattern was observed in urban areas, in coastal regions and in inner land regions of China. Rural areas had higher birth defect-specific U5MR than urban areas. Remote regions had higher birth defect-specific U5MR than coastal regions and inner land regions. The proportion of mortality due to congenital malformations in total U5MR increased from 9.2% in 1996 to 14.4% in 2006.
The proportion of mortality due to congenital malformations in children under 5 years old is increasing in China.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 03/2010; 41(2):324-8.
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ABSTRACT: To establish a human lung adenocarcinoma cell subline A549 that can stably express the Chinese Banna minipig inbred-line (BMI) alpha1 ,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1 ,3GT) gene and alpha-galactosyl (Gala1-3Galb1-4GlcNAc-R, alpha-gal) epitopic, providing a cell model which expressed xenotransplantation antigens for the further research on the effect of complement dependent cytotoxic lysis of the tumor cells triggered by human natural serum.
The pEGFP-CMV-GT plasmid containing Banna minipig alpha1 ,3-GT gene was ransfected into A549 cells with lipofectin in vitro. After screened with G418,the single clones were got out and then amplified, the stable transfected cells was named A549-GT. The transcription of alpha1, 3-GT gene in A549-GT cells was detected by RT-PCR. Direct immunofluonrescence methods and flow cytometer were performed to observe the expression of alpha-gal and the binding conditions of IgM and complement C3 in human serum on A549-GT cells. The biological characters of A549-GT cells including morphology, proliferation, and tumorigenesis in nude mice were also examined.
After G418 screening, A549-GT that stablely transfected with alpha1, 3-GT gene was obtained and has been passaged for 2 years. The expression of alpha1,3-GT mRNA and alpha-gal was detected continuously and stably in A549-GT. The expression rate of alpha-gal positive cells reached 80.1% +/- 3.2%. The binding of human serum IgM and C3 in human serum on A549-GT cells were founded. Compared with parental A549 cells, its biological characteristics did not change.
A549-GT cell line stably and continuously expressing alpha1, 3-GT and alpha-gal was established successfully. It provided a useful cell model for the further study of pig alpha1,3-GT gene in tumor immunotherapy.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 03/2010; 41(2):194-8, 207.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the secular trend of advanced maternal age woman (>or= 35 year-old) in our country.
Data on maternal woman at different age were collected at surveillance hospital in Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network from 1996 to 2007 and retrospective analysis of the trend of advanced maternal women were carried out. Trend analysis of the advanced maternal age in urban and rural areas of west, middle and east areas was also conducted. Chi-square test was applied to test the differences and the fitting model analysis was also applied.
A total of 6,308,594 parturient woman were monitored, included 354,511 woman (5.62%) of advanced maternal age. In 1996 and 2007, the proportion of the advanced maternal woman were 2.96% (12,508/422,486) and 8.56% (66,351/775,333), respectively. It showed an increasing trend for the national woman proportion of advanced maternal age from 1996 to 2007 (chi(2) = 45 376.16, P < 0.01). In city, the proportion of advanced maternal age woman were 2.95% (8755/296,975) and 7.69% (40,197/522,596) in 1996 and 2007, respectively. In rural region, the proportion of advanced maternal age woman were 2.99% (3753/125,511) and 10.35% (26,154/252,737) in 1996 and 2007, respectively. It showed increasing both in city and rural areas (chi(2)(city) = 24,152.86, P < 0.01; chi(2)(rural) = 20,809.79, P < 0.01). And the proportions in urban area and rural area were 5.13% (221,655/4,317,533) and 6.67% (132,856/1,991,061), the proportions difference was significant in statistics (chi(2) = 1536.260, P < 0.01). An Exponential model was established, ln(Y) = ln(2.52) + (0.103 x t). In east areas, the proportion were 3.90%and 8.81% in 1996 and 2007, respectively, in middle areas the respective proportions were 2.49% and 8.56%, in west areas were 2.11% and 8.21%. They all showed increasing trend in proportion of advanced maternal age from 1996 to 2007 year in east areas, middle areas and west areas (chi(2)(east) = 11,746.87, P < 0.01; chi(2)(middle) = 17,350.21, P < 0.01; chi(2)(west) = 16,432.68, P < 0.01). But the proportions of city and rural were different in those areas.
The proportion of advanced maternal woman had secular increasing trend and the rates were lower in city than in rural areas.
Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine] 12/2009; 43(12):1073-6.
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Ping Yuan,
Liang Qiao,
Li Dai, Yan-Ping Wang,
Guang-Xuan Zhou,
Ying Han,
Xiao-Xia Liu,
Xun Zhang,
Yi Cao,
Juan Liang,
Jun Zhu
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the spatial distribution patterns of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China.
Data were collected from the Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network (CBDMN), a hospital-based congenital malformations registry system. All fetuses more than 28 wk of gestation and neonates up to 7 d of age in hospitals within the monitoring sites of the CBDMN were monitored from 2001 to 2005. Two-dimensional graph-theoretical clustering was used to divide monitoring sites of the CBDMN into different clusters according to the average incidences of anorectal atresia/stenosis in the different monitoring sites.
The overall average incidence of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China was 3.17 per 10,000 from 2001 to 2005. The areas with the highest average incidences of anorectal atresia/stenosis were almost always focused in Eastern China. The monitoring sites were grouped into 6 clusters of areas. Cluster 1 comprised the monitoring sites in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, and Liaoning Province; Cluster 2 was composed of those in Fujian Province, Guangdong Province, Hainan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, south Hunan Province, and south Jiangxi Province; Cluster 3 consisted of those in Beijing Municipal City, Tianjin Municipal City, Hebei Province, Shandong Province, north Jiangsu Province, and north Anhui Province; Cluster 4 was made up of those in Zhejiang Province, Shanghai Municipal City, south Anhui Province, south Jiangsu Province, north Hunan Province, north Jiangxi Province, Hubei Province, Henan Province, Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Cluster 5 consisted of those in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and Qinghai Province; and Cluster 6 included those in Shaanxi Province, Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipal City, Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Province and Tibet Autonomous Region.
The findings in this research allow the display of the spatial distribution patterns of anorectal atresia/stenosis in China. These will have important guiding significance for further analysis of relevant environmental factors regarding anorectal atresia/stenosis and for achieving regional monitoring for anorectal atresia/stenosis.
World Journal of Gastroenterology 07/2009; 15(22):2787-93. · 2.47 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To study the changing pattern of infant mortality and under-5 mortality rate in China from 2000 to 2006, and to evaluate China's progress in achieving the United Nations' Millennium Development Goal 4.
A population-based survey was conducted through a nationwide multi-level surveillance network. The mortality rate and the proportion of death for children under 5 were analyzed.
The infant mortality rate (IMR), under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) in China dropped to 17.2, 20.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively, comparing to 32.2 and 39.7 per 1000 live births in 2000. In urban areas, IMR, U5MR dropped to 8.0, 9.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively while they were 11.8 and 13.8 per 1000 live births respectively in 2000. In rural areas, IMR, U5MR dropped to 19.7 and 23.6 per 1000 live births in 2006, respectively but they were 37.0 and 45.7 per 1000 live births respectively in 2000. During this period, the mortality rates due to pneumonia and diarrhea had dropped sharply. The proportion of deaths due to pneumonia, diarrhea also dropped from 19.5%, 4.9% in 2000 to 15.6%, 3.7% in 2006, respectively. In urban areas, the proportion of deaths due to pneumonia dropped from 9.9% in 2000 to 9.8% in 2006, In rural areas, the proportion of deaths due to pneumonia, diarrhea dropped from 20.1%, 5.2% in 2000 to 16.2%, 4.0% in 2006, respectively.
The U5MR in China remarkably dropped from 2000 to 2006. Based on data through the surveillance program, China should be able to accomplish the Millennium Development Goals 4 of the United Nations as planned.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 05/2009; 30(5):466-70.
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ABSTRACT: To analyzes the characteristics, the trend and the leading causes of maternal deaths in China between 2000 and 2005.
Data under analysis were those from a population-based epidemiological survey conducted by the national maternal mortality surveillance network which covered a total population of about 80 000 000 in China.
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) was both higher in the countryside than that in the city and in the remote area than that in the inland and in the coastal region. From 2000 to 2005, the overall MMR in China dropped from 53.0/100 000 livebirths to 47.6/100 000 livebirths, from 67.2/100 000 livebirths to 59.2/100 000 livebirths in rural area, from 28.8/100 000 livebirths to 27.6/100 000 livebirths in urban area. The descending ranges of maternal mortality were 10.2%, 11.9%, 4.2%, respectively. The top three leading causes of maternal deaths in China were obstetric hemorrhage, pregnancy induced hypertension and amniotic fluid embolism in 2000, but minor changes in the ranking of top three leading causes: hemorrhage, cardiac disorders and pregnancy induced hypertension in 2005. The main causes led to hemorrhage were retention of placenta, uterine inertia and rupture of uterine.
MMR in China appeared a trend less change during 2000- 2005. The number one cause of maternal deaths was obstetric hemorrhage. Reducing MMR in rural area and improving the skill of treating obstetric hemorrhage were essential to achieve the goal of reducing maternal death in the Outline of Chinese Women's Development (2000-2010).
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 04/2009; 30(3):257-60.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the geographic distribution pattern of patients with anorectal atresia/stenosis in China, in order to provide clue for research on its etiology.
Data were collected from Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring Network (CBDMN), which was a hospital-based congenital malformations registry system. From 2001 to 2005, all fetuses with more than 28 weeks of gestation and neonates up to 7 days of age, were monitored. Two-dimensional graphic cluster method was used to divide monitoring stations into different classes with the incidence rates of anorectal atresia/stenosis.
The overall incidence of anorectal atresia/stenosis was 3.17 per 10,000 during 2001 to 2005. The incidence was higher in Eastern than that in Mid or Western parts of China and the difference was statistically significant (z = 2.50, 3.69; P = 0.012, < 0.001). The monitoring stations were grouped into 6 classes. Class I was with Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoling; Class II was with Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, and South Hunan and Jiangxi; Class III was with Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and North Jiangsu and Anhui; Class IV was with Zhejiang, Shanghai, South Anhui and Jiangsu, North Hunan and Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia, Class V was with Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai; and Class VI was with Shaanxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Xinjiang and Tibet.
Our findings discovered the geographic distribution patterns of patients with anorectal atresia/stenosis in China. It is important to further analyze the relevant environmental factors attached to it so a better regional monitoring system for anorectal atresia/stenosis can be operated.
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi 03/2009; 30(2):163-6.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate molecular mechanism of tanshinone II A inducing differentiation and apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells.
NB4 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with tanshinone II A and observed cellular morphology, cell category and the cellular proliferation. DNA microarray technique was used to analyze the gene expression profiles of NB4 cells induced by tanshinone II A.
92.8% of NB4 cells treated with 0.5 mg x L(-1) tanshinone II A were induced into mature neutrophils, in which myetocytes and melamyetocytes were 27.0%, banded and segmented neutrophits 68.2%. Cell growth were inhibited. cDNA microarray showed the enormously expressed 183 genes including 23 differentiation associated genes, and other interrelated genes.
Tanshinone II A inducing differentiation in NB4 cells may be via regulation of many kinds of genes, especially differentiation associated genes expression. This partially explained the molecular mechanism of tanshinone II A inducing differentiation.
Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica 01/2009; 33(24):2954-8.
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ABSTRACT: To study the approach of targeting expression of suicide gene HSV-TK driven by human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) promoter in lung cancer cells, and to investigate inhibitory effect of HSV-TK/GCV driven by hTERT promoter on proliferation of lung cancer cell line A549 in vitro and in vivo.
(1) Recombinant expression vectors of HSV-TK driven by hTERT promoter and SV40 promoter (pGL3-hTp-TK and pGL3-SV40-TK) were transfected into telomerase-positive human lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 and telomerase-negative human embryonic lung fibroblast cell MRC-5. The mRNA expression of TK gene was detected with RT-PCR method; (2) With the treatment of GCV, the proliferation of above transfected cells was investigated by MTT assay; Influence of GCV on apoptosis and cell cycle of these cells was evaluated with flow cytometry; (3) After the subcutaneously transplantation of A549 cells into nude mice, intra-tumor injection of plasmid-liposome as well as intra-peritoneal injection of GCV were performed to stUdy anti-tumor effects of pGL3-hTp-TK/GCV and pGL3-SV40-TK/GCV in vivo.
(1) Enzyme digestion and PCR suggested that recombinant plasmids of pGL3-hTp-TK and pGL3-SV40-TK were successfully constructed; TK mRNA expression was detected in both A549 and MRC-5 cells transfected with pGL3-SV40-TK, also in A549 transfected with pGL3-hTp-TK, but not in MRC-5 transfected with pGL3-hTp-TK; (2) GCV showed significant inhibition effect on proliferation of A549 and MRC-5 transfected with pGL3-SV40-TK in vitro, also on that of A549 transfected with pGL3-hTp-TK, but not of MRC-5 transfected with pGL3-hTp-TK; With the treatment of GCV, apoptosis index (AI) of A549 cells transfected with pGL3-SV40-TK and pGL3-hTp-TK (21.58% and 23.19% respectively) increased significantly, compared with that of A549 transfected with pGL3-hTp and blank control; GCV enhanced the effects on AI in MRC-5 transfected with pGL3-SV40-TK (9.35%), but not with pGL3-hTp-TK (0.88%); (3) Inhibition ratio of pGL3-SV40-TK/GCV and pGL3-hTp-TK/GCV to transplanted tumor of A549 in nude mice (46.7% and 40.5% respectively) were significantly higher than that of negative control groups (9.7%, 14.3%, 7.0% and 8.0% respectively).
TK gene driven by hTERT promoter could express selectively in lung cancer cell. Lung cancer cell could be specifically inhibited by HSV-TK/GCV driven by hTERT promoter in vitro and in vivo.
Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition 10/2008; 39(5):701-5.
