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ABSTRACT: Traditional perinatal practices may protect against postnatal common mental disorders (CMD) in non-Western societies.
To evaluate the association between perinatal practices and postnatal CMD in rural Ethiopia.
A population-based sample of 1065 women was followed up from pregnancy until 2 months postpartum. Qualitative investigation informed the development of scales measuring attitudes towards and adherence to perinatal practices. Postnatal CMD was measured using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire.
Endorsement of sociocultural perinatal practices was associated with lower odds of antenatal CMD persisting into the postnatal period (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% CI 0.45-0.95). Women who endorsed protective and celebratory perinatal practices but were unable to complete them had increased odds of incident (adjusted OR = 7.26, 95% CI 1.38-38.04) and persistent postnatal CMD (adjusted OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.11-4.23) respectively.
There is evidence for an independent role of sociocultural practices in maintaining perinatal mental health in this Ethiopian community.
The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science 12/2010; 197(6):468-75. · 6.62 Impact Factor
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Girmay Medhin,
Charlotte Hanlon,
Michael Dewey,
Atalay Alem,
Fikru Tesfaye,
Zufan Lakew,
Bogale Worku,
Mesfin Aray,
Abdulreshid Abdulahi,
Mark Tomlinson, Marcus Hughes,
Vikram Patel,
Martin Prince
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ABSTRACT: Although maternal common mental disorder (CMD) appears to be a risk factor for infant undernutrition in South Asian countries, the position in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is unclear
A population-based cohort of 1065 women, in the third trimester of pregnancy, was identified from the demographic surveillance site (DSS) in Butajira, to investigate the effect of maternal CMD on infant undernutrition in a predominantly rural Ethiopian population. Participants were interviewed at recruitment and at two months post-partum. Maternal CMD was measured using the locally validated Self-Reported Questionnaire (score of > or = six indicating high levels of CMD). Infant anthropometry was recorded at six and twelve months of age.
The prevalence of CMD was 12% during pregnancy and 5% at the two month postnatal time-point. In bivariate analysis antenatal CMD which had resolved after delivery predicted underweight at twelve months (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.50). There were no other statistically significant differences in the prevalence of underweight or stunted infants in mothers with high levels of CMD compared to those with low levels. The associations between CMD and infant nutritional status were not significant after adjusting for pre-specified potential confounders.
Our negative finding adds to the inconsistent picture emerging from SSA. The association between CMD and infant undernutrition might be modified by study methodology as well as degree of shared parenting among family members, making it difficult to extrapolate across low- and middle-income countries.
BMC Psychiatry 01/2010; 10:32. · 2.55 Impact Factor
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Charlotte Hanlon,
Girmay Medhin,
Atalay Alem,
Fikru Tesfaye,
Zufan Lakew,
Bogale Worku,
Michael Dewey,
Mesfin Araya,
Abdulreshid Abdulahi, Marcus Hughes,
Mark Tomlinson,
Vikram Patel,
Martin Prince
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ABSTRACT: To examine the impact of antenatal psychosocial stressors, including maternal common mental disorders (CMD), upon low birth weight, stillbirth and neonatal mortality, and other perinatal outcomes in rural Ethiopia.
A population-based sample of 1065 pregnant women was assessed for symptoms of antenatal CMD (Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20: SRQ-20), stressful life events during pregnancy (List of Threatening Experiences: LTE) and worry about the forthcoming delivery. In a sub-sample of 654 women from six rural sub-districts, neonatal birth weight was measured on 521 (79.7%) singleton babies within 48 h of delivery. Information about other perinatal outcomes was obtained shortly after birth from the mother's verbal report and via the Demographic Surveillance System.
After adjusting for potential confounders, none of the psychosocial stressors were associated with lower mean birth weight, stillbirth or neonatal mortality. Increasing levels of antenatal CMD symptoms were associated both with prolonged labour (>24 h) (SRQ 1-5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9, SRQ >or= 6: RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.0-2.6) and delaying initiation of breast-feeding more than eight hours (SRQ 1-5: RR 1.4; 95% CI 0.8 to 2.4, SRQ >or= 6: RR 2.8; 95% CI 1.3-6.1). Worry about delivery was also associated with labour longer than 24 h (RR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.1).
This study provides preliminary evidence of important public health consequences of poor maternal mental health in low-income countries but does not replicate the strong association with low birth weight found in South Asia.
Tropical Medicine & International Health 01/2009; 14(2):156-66. · 2.80 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The cultural validity of instruments to detect perinatal common mental disorders (CMD) in rural, community settings has been little-investigated in developing countries.
Semantic, content, technical, criterion and construct validity of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) were evaluated in perinatal women in rural Ethiopia. Gold-standard measure of CMD was psychiatric assessment using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Community-based, convenience sampling was used. An initial validation study (n=101) evaluated both EPDS and SRQ. Subsequent validation was of SRQ alone (n=119).
EPDS exhibited poor validity; area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.62 (95%CI 0.49 to 0.76). SRQ-20 showed better validity as a dimensional scale, with AUROC of 0.82 (95%CI 0.68 to 0.96) and 0.70 (95%CI 0.57 to 0.83) in the two studies. The utility of SRQ in detecting 'cases' of CMD was not established, with differing estimates of optimal cut-off score: three and above in Study 1 (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 75.6%); seven and above in Study 2 (sensitivity 68.4%, specificity 62%). High convergent validity of SRQ as a dimensional measure was demonstrated in a community survey of 1065 pregnant women.
Estimation of optimal cut-off scores and validity coefficients for detecting CMD was limited by sample size.
EPDS demonstrated limited clinical utility as a screen for perinatal CMD in this rural, low-income setting. The SRQ-20 was superior to EPDS across all domains for evaluating cultural equivalence and showed validity as a dimensional measure of perinatal CMD.
Journal of Affective Disorders 07/2008; 108(3):251-62. · 3.52 Impact Factor
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BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 05/2004; 328(7443):820-3.
