-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Understanding of the anatomy of the radial nerve and its branches is vital to the treatment of humeral fracture or the restoration of upper extremity function. In this study, we dissected 40 upper extremities from adult cadavers to locate the course of the radial nerve and the origins and insertions of the branches of the radial nerve using surface landmarks. The radial nerve reached and left the radial groove and pierced the lateral intermuscular septum, at the levels of 46.7, 60.5, and 66.8% from the acromion to the transepicondylar line, respectively. Branches to the long head of the triceps brachii originated in the axilla, and branches to the medial and lateral heads originated in the axilla or in the arm. The muscular attachments to the long, medial, and lateral heads were on average 34.0 mm proximal, 16.4 mm distal, and 19.3 mm proximal to the level of inferior end of the deltoid muscle, respectively. The radial nerve innervated 65.0% of the brachialis muscles. Branches to the brachioradialis and those to the extensor carpi radialis longus arose from the radial nerve above the transepicondylar line. Branches to the extensor carpi radialis brevis usually arose from the deep branch of radial nerve (67.5%); however, in some cases, branches to the extensor carpi radialis brevis arose from either the radial nerve (20.0%) or the superficial branch of the radial nerve (12.5%). Using these data, the course of the radial nerve can be estimated by observing the surface of the arm. Clin. Anat. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Anatomy 06/2012; · 1.29 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The anatomy and variations of the axillary vein has significant implications in various invasive procedures such as venous access, axillary block, arteriovenous fistula creation, axillary node dissection, breast augmentation, and other surgical procedures involving the axilla. To clarify the anatomy of the axillary vein and its tributaries, 40 cadaveric upper extremities were examined after dissection and were classified into several types according to the courses and terminations of brachial veins. The brachial veins ended separately (Type A; 72.5%) or made a common brachial vein (Type B; 27.5%) to enter the basilic vein or the axillary vein. The basilic vein was absent in 5.0% of the specimens. Duplication of the axillary vein was observed in 17.5% of the specimens and the lateral venous channel running along the lateral wall of the axilla was observed in 40.0% of the specimens. The most common drainage vein of the deep brachial vein was the lateral brachial vein (67.5%). The anterior circumflex humeral vein also emptied into the lateral brachial vein in 67.5% of the specimens. The posterior circumflex humeral vein crossed posterior side of the brachial plexus to join either the axillary vein (45.0%) or subscapular vein (42.5%). Perforation of the lateral root of median nerve by a lateral brachial vein, a common brachial vein, or a venous channel was observed in 15.0% of the specimens. Other venous variations accompanying the variations of the axillary artery or the brachial artery are described herein. The clinical importance of these findings is described in the discussion. Clin. Anat. 25:893-902, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Anatomy 05/2012; 25(7):893-902. · 1.29 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We evaluated the results of more than 10 years of follow-up of total hip arthroplasty using a second-generation cementless femoral prosthesis with a collar and straight distal fixation channels.
One hundred five patients (129 hips) who underwent surgery between 1991 and 1996 for primary total hip arthroplasty using cementless straight distal fluted femoral stems were followed for more than 10 years. Ninety-four hips in 80 patients were available for clinical and radiologic analysis. The mean age at the time of surgery was 47 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 14.3 years.
The mean Harris hip scores had improved from 58 points to 88 points at the time of the 10-year follow-up. Activity-related thigh pain was reported in nine hips (10%). At the last follow-up, 93 stems (99%) were biologically stable and one stem (1%) was revised because of loosening. No hip had distal diaphyseal osteolysis. Proximal femoral stress-shielding was reported in 86 hips (91%). We found no significant relationship between collar-calcar contact and thigh pain, stem fixation status, or stress-shielding. The cumulative survival of the femoral stem was 99% (95% confidence interval, 98-100%) after 10 years.
The long-term results of total hip arthroplasty using a second-generation cementless femoral prosthesis with a collar and straight distal fixation channels were satisfactory; however, the high rate of proximal stress-shielding and the minimal effect of the collar indicate the need for some changes in the stem design.
Yonsei medical journal 01/2012; 53(1):186-92. · 0.77 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We hypothesized that comprehensive neck dissection could be achieved via a gasless transaxillary approach using a robotic system. We intended to evaluate the accessibility of level I, IIB and VA nodes with transaxillary robot-assisted neck dissection of four cadavers.
Transaxillary robotic neck dissection was performed in four cadavers through a 7-cm longitudinal incision at the anterior axilla and a 0.8-cm-sized incision in the chest wall.
We successfully performed neck dissection from level II to V in all four cadavers. However, dissection of levels IIB and VA, which lie on the cephalic portion of the spinal accessory nerve, was difficult. Vital structures, including the internal jugular vein, carotid artery, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, superior thyroid artery and hypoglossal nerve, were successfully identified and preserved.
Our results demonstrate the feasibility of robot-assisted neck dissection using a transaxillary approach. We suggest that gasless, transaxillary robotic neck dissection is a promising technique for treating nodal metastasis in thyroid cancers or in selected squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. However, some modification of the approach might be needed when performing comprehensive neck dissections of all levels of the neck.
Yonsei medical journal 01/2012; 53(1):193-7. · 0.77 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Recently, robot-assisted neck dissection in thyroid cancer patients with lateral neck node metastasis has been demonstrated to be feasible. We realized the necessity of technical modification in order to apply robotic system to comprehensive neck dissection for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This study examined the feasibility and safety of transaxillary and retroauricular ("TARA") approach for robotic neck dissection in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer.
Four human cadaveric dissections were followed by robotic neck dissections in seven patients with oral cavity or laryngopharyngeal cancer through TARA incision.
In all cases, vital structures including major vessels and nerves were preserved. The numbers of retrieved lymph nodes in robotic neck dissections were comparable with those in conventional neck dissections.
Robotic neck dissection via TARA approach is a feasible and useful method with excellent cosmetic results for treating nodal metastasis in selected cases of head and neck squamous cell cancer.
Annals of Surgical Oncology 11/2011; 19(3):1009-17. · 4.17 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium causing primary septicemia, which is followed by a classical septic shock pathway including an overwhelming inflammatory cytokine response. V. vulnificus IlpA is a potent immunogenic lipoprotein that triggers cytokine production in human monocytes by activating the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). In this study, we further defined the IlpA signaling pathways involved in cytokine production in the human monocytic cell line, THP-1. TLR2 was involved in cytokine production by complexing with TLR1, but not with TLR6. MyD88 was necessary for IlpA-induced cytokine expression through TLR1/TLR2. Three mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, were activated in THP-1 cells stimulated with recombinant IlpA (rIlpA). Selective inhibition of each MAPK resulted in significant decrease of rIlpA-induced cytokine production. Especially, functional TLR2 was necessary for IlpA-induced activation of p38 and JNK. IlpA augmented the DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional factors to their recognition sites in THP-1 cells. These results suggest that serial activation of TLR1/TLR2, MyD88, the three MAPKs, and NF-κB/AP-1 comprises the signaling pathway responsible for proinflammatory cytokine production by V. vulnificus IlpA.
Molecular Immunology 09/2011; 49(1-2):143-54. · 2.90 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A 38-year-old man visited our emergency department presenting with a 6-day persistent fever. The man had undergone an orthodontic procedure 7 days prior to the visit. He had a fever with a temperature of 38.2℃ and a diastolic murmur (grade III) was detected at the left sternal border. Reddish-brown lines beneath the nails were present, and raised lesions which were red and painful were detected on the soles of the patient's feet. Laboratory findings showed an elevated inflammatory marker. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms, showed a bicuspid aortic valve, and moderate aortic regurgitation and vegetation were noted. Treatment with antibiotics was given, but 4 days later, a 12 lead electrocardiogram revealed complete atrioventricular (AV) block. Immediately, a temporary pacemaker was inserted, and the following day an aortic valve replacement was performed. Intraoperative findings revealed a fistula around the AV node. He has suffered no subsequent cardiac events during the follow-up.
Journal of cardiovascular ultrasound 09/2011; 19(3):140-3.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by the superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) causes pain, and limitation of motion in the shoulder. To relieve these symptoms, suprascapular nerve decompression is performed through the resection of STSL. To describe and classify the topographic anatomy of the suprascapular notch, 103 cadaveric shoulders were dissected. The mean length and width of STSLs were 11.2 and 3.4 mm, respectively. The bony bridges replacing STSL in four shoulders were 8.2 mm long and 3.5 mm wide on average. The suprascapular nerve always ran through the notch under the STSL. All shoulders had a single suprascapular artery, while multiple suprascapular veins appeared in 21.3%. The arrangement of the suprascapular vessels was classified into three types: in Type I (59.4%), all suprascapular vessels ran over the STSL; in Type II (29.7%), the vessels ran over and under the STSL simultaneously; in Type III (10.9%), all vessels ran under the STSL. In 48.9% of cadavers, these types were bilaterally matched. The omohyoid muscle originated distantly from the STSL in 38.0%, was adjacent to it in 44.0%, and was partially over the STSL in 18.0%. The number of suprascapular vessels running under the STSL was positively correlated with the size of the STSL and the middle diameter of the suprascapular notch. Age was inversely correlated with the length of STSL. The STSL was wider in males than in females. This study provides details of the structural variations in the region of the suprascapular notch.
Clinical Anatomy 08/2011; 25(3):359-65. · 1.29 Impact Factor
-
Woo Hyung Choi,
You Mi Hwang,
Mi Youn Park,
Seung Jae Lee, Hye Yeon Lee,
Sei Won Kim,
Byoung Yeon Jun,
Jin Soo Min,
Woo Seung Shin,
Jong Min Lee,
Yoon Seok Koh,
Hui-Kyung Jeon,
Wook Sung Chung,
Ki-Bae Seung
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pneumopericardium is a rare complication of pericardiocentesis, occurring either as a result of direct pleuro-pericardial communication or a leaky drainage system. Air-fluid level surrounding the heart shadow within the pericardium on a chest X-ray is an early observation at diagnosis. This clinical measurement and process is variable, depending on the hemodynamic status of the patient. The development of a cardiac tamponade is a serious complication, necessitating prompt recognition and treatment. We recently observed a case of pneumopericardium after a therapeutic pericardiocentesis in a 20-year-old man with tuberculous pericardial effusion.
Korean Circulation Journal 05/2011; 41(5):280-2.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. To study the virulence factors of this pathogen, T. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of T. vaginalis. The T. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cDNA derived from mRNA of T. vaginalis into a phage λ Uni-ZAP XR vector, and then used for immunoscreening with the anti-membrane proteins of T. vaginalis antibodies. The immunoreactive proteins identified included adhesion protein AP65-1, α-actinin, kinesin-associated protein, teneurin, and 2 independent hypothetical proteins. Immunofluorescence assays showed that AP65-1, one of the identified immunogenic clones, is prevalent in the whole body of T. vaginalis. This study led us to identify T. vaginalis proteins which may stimulate immune responses by human cells.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology 03/2011; 49(1):79-83. · 1.04 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In head and neck cancer reconstruction, the transverse cervical artery is a good alternative vessel when the appropriate recipient vessels cannot be identified because of preoperative radiation and radical neck dissection. Selecting the appropriate recipient vein is essential for a successful intraoral reconstruction. We attempted to determine which veins are candidate partners of the transverse cervical artery by anatomically examining 10 necks (2 sides of the neck in 5 cadavers) in a cadaver study. Three types of veins (suprascapular vein, transverse cervical vein, and descending vein from the trapezius muscle) were selected as recipient vein candidates, and the characteristics of each vein were analyzed. Clinically, we also examined which vessels were chosen as recipient veins in 13 patients in whom intraoral reconstruction with bare neck was performed using the transverse cervical artery as recipient. The descending vein from the trapezius muscles (trapezius vein) was used most frequently, followed by the transverse cervical vein. The transverse cervical vein could be considered an appropriate recipient vein, but it is prone to damage from neck dissection in some cases. Therefore, the use of the trapezius vein can aid in the successful reconstruction in such patients.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery 09/2010; 21(5):1423-7. · 0.81 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The transverse facial artery (TFA) is found in the lateral face and supplies the parotid gland and duct, facial nerve, facial muscles, and skin. To better understand the cutaneous vascularization of the lateral face and to better characterize the topography and other anatomical features of the TFA, microsurgical dissection was performed in 44 cadavers. The number of TFAs present ranged from one to three, and a single TFA was most common (70.5%). The TFA originated from the superficial temporal artery at or above the level of crossing by the temporofacial trunk of the facial nerve in the parotid gland (57.6%). The TFA divided into superior and inferior trunks in the gland, and continued as emerging branch. The superior emerging branch emerged from the gland superior to the parotid duct and divided into many branches. It supplied the malar area, crossed the parotid duct, terminated as perforator, vasa nervorum, or artery to the parotid duct or muscle. The inferior trunk in 72.5% continued as emerging branch instead of terminating in the gland. TFAs were classified into four types; the most common type was Type A in which the superior and inferior emerging branches and the duct-crossing branch were present. The mean number of perforators to the superficial cutaneous layer was 1.9. Most perforators extended from the superior emerging branches (77.9%). The most common perforating site was below the duct on the anterior third of the masseter muscle. In two cases, the TFA formed an anastomosis with the facial artery.
Clinical Anatomy 11/2009; 23(2):168-78. · 1.29 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The wide anatomical variation of the brachial plexus and the axillary artery has been thoroughly explored in previous studies. However, there has been little information reported on the variation in the relationship between the brachial plexus and the axillary artery. The principal feature of this relationship is the passage of the axillary artery through the loop of the median nerve, which occurs in normal arteries derived from the seventh intersegmental artery. In this study, we analyzed the abnormal position and course of the axillary artery related to the brachial plexus in 607 axillae of 306 cadavers. We found 12 unusual axillary arteries that did not pass through the median loop. Eleven arteries were determined to be ninth intersegmental arteries and one as the sixth intersegmental artery. All ninth intersegmental arteries ran caudally to the brachial plexus. In six cases of this type, abnormal connections interfering with the normal arterial position were observed in the brachial plexus. In another five cases of this type, the lateral and medial cords merged and the axillary artery passed anteromedial to the plexus. The sixth intersegmental axillary artery pierced the musculocutaneous nerve which is from the unified lateral and medial cords. This study discussed the how the anomalous structure of the brachial plexus could involve the deterioration of the course of the axillary artery.
Clinical Anatomy 08/2009; 22(5):586-94. · 1.29 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The superficial brachial artery (SBA), a branch of the axillary artery, is one of the most common arterial variations in this area. While it is more vulnerable to accidental arterial injection or injury, it could be useful for the nourishment of a medial arm skin free flap. To analyze the relationship between the SBA of axillary origin and segmental variation of the axillary artery, we dissected 304 arms of Korean cadavers. We found an SBA of axillary origin in 12.2% of cadaveric arms. Unilateral occurrence was detected in 16 cadavers and bilateral in 10. SBAs gave rise to radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa (8.9%), continued in the forearm as the radial artery (2.3%), or ended in the upper arm (1.0%). The SBA ended as ulnar artery was not found in any of the cadavers. The bifurcation of the SBA into the radial and ulnar arteries, presence of an SBA that ends in the upper arm, and the lack of continuation as the ulnar artery are characteristics of SBAs in Korean cadavers.
Journal of Korean Medical Science 11/2008; 23(5):884-7. · 0.99 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Lag screw position is one of the most important controllable factors in trochanteric fracture fixation. However, it is sometimes difficult to handle the lag screw guide pin during intramedullary hip nailing. In this study, causes of guide pin shift and correction of malposition were investigated.
The movements of guide pins during fracture fixation were traced fluoroscopically using 35 embalmed, mainly anteverted femora, angles were measured in the anteroposterior and lateral planes and necessary corrections calculated.
In the proximal anteverted femur, posterior correction of an inappropriately placed guide pin in the lateral plane led to an inferior shift in the anteroposterior fluoroscopic view, and vice versa. Mean anteversion, alpha, beta, and beta' angles were 13.1 degrees (5-29 degrees ), 10.9 degrees (4-18 degrees ), 4.6 degrees (0-10 degrees ) and 4.4 degrees (0-9 degrees ), respectively. The beta' angle was directly proportional to the anteversion angle only, i.e. Y=0.27X+0.65 (R(2)=0.79), p<0.001.
In the proximal anteverted femur, guide pin shift in the anteroposterior fluoroscopic view occurred during correction of pin position in the lateral plane. The amount of shift was directly related to the amount of anteversion.
Injury 11/2008; 39(10):1134-40. · 1.98 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To examine the microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen and correlate anatomical findings to clinical manifestations of jugular foramen schwannomas concerning tumor origin and location.
Anatomical analysis of jugular foramen was performed by dissection of 25 cadavers (50 sides). By retrospective review of 9 cases of jugular foramen schwannomas surgically treated, the origin and location of tumor were studied.
Tertiary referral center.
The anatomical characteristics of jugular foramen, lower cranial nerves, and inferior petrosal sinus were correlated with the origin and growth pattern of jugular foramen schwannomas.
The superior and inferior ganglions of the glossopharyngeal nerve and the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve were located within the jugular foramen. The superior ganglions of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves were located superiorly, whereas the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve was found inferiorly in relation to the inferior petrosal sinus orifice. In our series of 9 cases of jugular foramen schwannoma, the most common nerve of origin was the vagus nerve, followed by the glossopharyngeal nerve.
The reason for the predilection of the jugular foramen schwannoma for the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves may be associated with the presence of their ganglions within the jugular foramen. Also, the inferior petrosal sinus may act as a barrier to tumor growth, and the location of the ganglion of tumor origination within the jugular foramen in relation to the inferior petrosal sinus may be correlated to the predominant direction of tumor extension.
Ontology & Neurotology 05/2008; 29(3):387-91. · 1.90 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Thoracic splanchnic nerves conduct pain sensation from the abdominal organs around the celiac ganglion. Splanchnicectomy is the procedure used mainly for the control of intractable visceral pain. Forty-six human posterior thoracic walls were dissected. The formation pattern, course, and incidence of communication of the thoracic splanchnic nerves were investigated. The greater splanchnic nerves (GSNs) were formed by nerve branches from the T4-T11 thoracic sympathetic ganglia and the most common type was formed by T5-T9 (21.7%). The uppermost branches originated from T4-T9 while the lowermost branches emanated from the T7-T11. Two to seven ganglia contributed to the GSNs. In 54.3% of the specimens, at least one ganglion in the GSN-tributary ganglionic array did not branch to the GSN. The lesser splanchnic nerves (LSNs) were formed by the nerve branches of the T8-T12 thoracic sympathetic ganglia and the most common type was formed by T10 and T11 (32.6%). One to five ganglia were involved in the LSNs. The least splanchnic nerves (lSNs) were composed of branches from the T10-L1 thoracic sympathetic ganglia and the most common type was composed of nerve branches from T11 and T12 or from T12 only (each 30.4%). One to three ganglia were involved in the lSNs. In 54.3% of the specimens, interconnection between the GSNs and the LSNs existed, bringing the possible bypass around the transection of the GSNs. The splanchnic nerves that appear in textbooks occurred in a minority of our specimens. We provided expanded anatomical data for splanchnicectomy in this report.
Clinical Anatomy 04/2008; 21(2):171-7. · 1.29 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Simple interruption of splanchnic nerve can lead to incomplete transection of nerve fibers responsible for cancer-derived abdominal visceral because lots of neural communications exist.
From December 1999 to June 2005, a total of 21 cancer patients underwent bilateral thoracoscopic segmental resection of splanchnic nerve with sympathectomy for intractable abdominal pain based on the anatomic observation of 26 embalmed Korean cadaveric specimens in Yonsei University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. All patients were preoperatively asked to rate the extent of their current pain by using the numeric rating scale (NRS), where 0 indicated no pain and 10 indicated intractable pain. The effectiveness of this thoracoscopic procedure was assessed based on the NRS reevaluated after surgery.
NRS score was significantly reduced after thoracoscopic surgery (1.71 +/- 1.10 versus 8.52 +/- 1.08, paired t test, P < .0001). Sixteen patients (76.2%) could tolerate pain without or with reduced dose of analgesics. No mortality and morbidity were found in this study.
This bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy with sympathectomy is safe, easy, and effective method in managing cancer-derived visceral abdominal pain.
American journal of surgery 07/2007; 194(1):23-9. · 2.36 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Clinicians have encountered many variations of the middle turbinate. Previous descriptions of the middle turbinate were only focused on its size and shape and lacked surgical implications associated with endoscopic sinus surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the surgical anatomy of the middle turbinate in hemisected cadaveric heads. The middle turbinates from 101 hemisections of adult Korean cadaveric heads were measured using digital calipers and a protractor. The middle turbinates were then classified according to their shape. The mean distance between the anterior attachment of the middle turbinate and the anterior attachment of the superior turbinate was 18.5 mm. The posterior end of the middle turbinate extended more posteriorly than that of the inferior turbinate in 40% of the cases, while in 26.3% of the cases, the posterior end of the inferior turbinate extended more posteriorly than that of the middle turbinate. The middle turbinate was classified into three types according to the shape of its anterior border. In type 1, the anterior border of the middle turbinate ran directly posteroinferiorly from its attachment to the conchal plate, and was observed in 45.3% of the cases. In type 2, the anterior border of the middle turbinate initially coursed inferiorly from the conchal plate and then turned in a posteroinferior direction. This type was observed in 44.2% of the cases. Type 3 involved 10.5% of the cases where the anterior border bulged anteriorly before it coursed posteroinferiorly. The information provided in this report should assist surgeons when performing partial middle turbinectomies.
Clinical Anatomy 10/2006; 19(6):493-6. · 1.29 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Rigid body registration of 3D CT scans, based on manual identification of homologous landmarks, is useful for the visual analysis of skull dysmorphology. In this paper, a robust and simple alignment method was proposed to allow for the comparison of skull morphologies, within and between individuals with craniofacial anomalies, based on 3D CT scans, and the minimum number of anatomical landmarks, under rigidity and uniqueness constraints. Three perpendicular axes, extracted from anatomical landmarks, define the absolute coordinate system, through a rigid body transformation, to align multiple CT images for different patients and acquisition times. The accuracy of the alignment method depends on the accuracy of the localized landmarks and target points. The numerical simulation generalizes the accuracy requirements of the alignment method. Experiments using a human dried skull specimen, and ten sets of skull CT images (the pre- and post-operative CT scans of four plagiocephaly, and one fibrous dysplasia patients), demonstrated the feasibility of the technique in clinical practice.
Physics in Medicine and Biology 09/2003; 48(16):2681-95. · 2.83 Impact Factor
