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A M Andrés,
M López Santamaría, L Burgos,
F Herńandez,
J L Encinas,
S Barrena,
M Miguel,
N Leal,
L Martínez,
M Gámez,
J Murcia,
E Frauca,
P Jara,
J A Tovar
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ABSTRACT: To analyze the benefits of Split (for adult and for child) in liver transplantation.
1) Analysis of the waiting list mortality estimated on 228 inclusions for transplant since January 2004 to December 2008.2) Impact of the variant techniques (living-related donor and split) on the waiting list mortality in our patients. 3) Analysis of the outcome of 33 split livers which allowed to perform 66 transplants (1994-2008).
Estimated as number of patients by 1,000 candidates by year of exposure, the waiting list mortality was 110 in children older than 5 year old, 180 in children from 2 to 5 year-old, 90 in children between 1 and 2 year-old and 510 in younger than 1 year (p<0.05 for the last group). 36/66 split grafts were implanted by our group. Five grafts were lost, 3 due to retransplantation and 2 due to death. Overall patient/graft survival alter 10 years of follow-up was 94.5% and 85.1%, respectively. The rest of the grafts (n=30), were used in other hospitals, and 4 were lost in the early postoperative period. Since the beginning of the study, 85.4% of children between 1 and 2 years, received a living-donor or a split graft, as only 59.9% in the younger than 1 year-old group.
Our results absolutely justify the ethics of split liver transplantation for an adult and a child. Despite other factors, the benefits of the variant techniques in the 1-2 year-old group are obvious. Up to 60% optimization with these techniques in children younger than 1 year would not be yet enough in order to decrease the mortality waiting list down to that of the rest of the groups.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 10/2010; 23(4):245-9.
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J L Encinas,
M Germani, L Burgos,
C Soto,
F Pederiva,
A Luis,
L F Avila,
M A García-Cabezas,
J L Peiró,
R Rodríguez,
M López-Santamaría,
J A Tovar
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ABSTRACT: To describe the presence of bladder malformations in a surgically induced model of myelomeningocele (MMC).
A MMC like defect was created in the mid gestation using the previously described model in sheep. Bladders were examined macroscopically and histopathological changes were assessed using H-E.
Non prenatally corrected animals presented dilated bladders and separation between muscle bundles. Those malformations were not found in corrected animals or controls.
Some bladder changes can be described in a surgically-induced model of MMC. These changes could be prevented using open fetal surgery.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 04/2010; 23(2):122-5.
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ABSTRACT: Pneumonectomy is seldom indicated in children and its long-term effects are not well known. The aim of the present study was to examine retrospectively the indications and the long-term sequelae in a relatively large cohort of patients treated at our institution.
We reviewed the charts of children undergoing pneumonectomy between 1969 and 2009 with particular attention to indications, techniques, complications, survival, pulmonary function and spine deformities
Ten patients (M:F=6/4) aged 102 +/- 66 months underwent pneumonectomy for bronchiectasis (4, one with cystic fibrosis), tumors (4, 1 myofibroblastic inflammatory pseudotumor, 1 bronchial carcinoid, 1 primary pulmonary PNET and 1 massive metastasis of osteosarcoma) and malformations (2, 1 pulmonary sequestration and 1 congenital bilobar emphysema). Overall survival was 90% at 5.6 (0.3-23) years. Patients with bronchiectasis improved markedly except the one with cystic fibrosis who died. All children with tumors cured. Four have some degree of scoliosis which is severe in one with malformative costal fusion. All survivors live unrestristricted normal lives. Postoperative respiratory function is well preserved with FVC of 58% (40-70%), FEV1 of 60% (47-84%) and FEV1/FVC of 92% (87-98%) of the theoretical value for their height and weight.
Pneumonectomy does not affect by itself to the overall survival, and the respiratory function is good and there is no impairment of the quality of life.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 04/2010; 23(2):74-6.
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ABSTRACT: Even though Spain has the highest donation rate in the world, our needs cannot be satisfied, specially in younger children. Living-related donor transplant is an alternative in those cases.
We performed a retrospective study of 57 living-related donor transplants performed in our hospital between June 1993 and December 2007. Median age and weight were 1.2 years old (0.5-14.8) and 8.5 kg (5-62). Indications for transplant were as follow: biliary atresia in 42 cases (73.7%), hepatic tumor in 8 (14%) and others in 7 patients. Type of graft was: monosegment (n=1), left lateral segment (n=45), extended left lateral segment (n=5), left liver (n=4), right liver (n=2). We studied the following factors: graft and patient survival (Kaplan Meier), perioperative conditions, complications, causes of graft lost, donor complications and technique difficulties.
Patient survival at 3 months, 1 year, 5 years and 10 years was 98.2%, 98.2%, 95% and 95% respectively. Three grafts werelost due to arterial thrombosis, two due to rejection, one due to portal thrombosis and three due to other causes. Complications were as follow: biliary fistula in the cut surface (6), biliary anastomosis complications (6), cut surface abcess (1), portal stenosis (2), suprahepatic stenosis (1) and intestinal perforation (2). Most common complication in donors was biliary leak (4). Among the technique difficulties, 8 patients needed major reconstruction of suprahepatic vein; 4 needed complex portal reconstruction, 6 patients had double biliary tract and 4 patients needed multiple arterial anastomosis. Wall closure was delayed (Goretex) in 35% of cases (20).
Despite technical complications, results after living-related donor transplantation are excellent. It is particularly favourable for children with low weight, since Spanish policy for organ allocation does not make easy to find an adecuate donor in short periods of time. Without living-related donor transplantations, mortality pretransplant would be much higher.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 07/2009; 22(3):119-21.
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ABSTRACT: Liver pediatric transplantation finds in the lack of donors its main limitation. An alternative in those cases is split liver grafts from bigger donors.
We performed a retrospective study of 56 hepatic split transplants performed between 1994 and 2007. Twenty-nine children were transplanted with a median age and weight of 1.8 years old (0.3-9) and 9.7 kg (6.2-23). In 16 cases (53.3%) liver transplant was performed in emergency situation. In one patient we performed a combined transplant (liver-kidney) and in another patient it was a second transplant due to primary graft failure after receiving an hepatointestinal allograft. Type of grafts used were: lateral left segment (n=26), extended lateral left segment (n=1) and extended right liver (n=3). Median donor age and weight were 20 years old (8-44) and 60 kg (24-80). We studied patient and graft survival (Kaplan Meier), perioperative factors, complications and net rate of early complications in adults recipients.
Patient survival was 96.7% after 6 months, 1 year, 5 years and 10 years. Id for grafs 86.7%. Two grafts were lost due to arterial thrombosis, one due to primary non function and another due to recipient death secondary to a sepsis. Five children had major biliary complications and 2 of them developed multiple intrahepatic stenoses, one of them being on waiting list for retransplant. Early graft lost (retransplant or death before leaving the hospital) occurred in 4 out of the 25 grafts transplanted in other centers (25 adults, 1 kid); all of them occurred in the initial period (1994-2001).
Even though it is clearly documented that benefit of transplant (measured in years of life won) is very good after split transplantation, nowadays criteria for organ allocation in Spain do not allow a more extensive diffusion of this technique and it is confined to urgent transplant. Even in those cases, results after split transplantation are excellent. Without this possibility our pretransplant mortality would be much higher.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 07/2009; 22(3):122-4.
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ABSTRACT: A small but significant percentage of vascular tumors may develop at extracutaneous location. They are difficult to detect on the physical exam and usually they require immediate intervention. Pediatric surgeons must have acknowledge of its prognostic and therapeutic implications.
We report 4 of these patients. Patient 1 was a healthy newborn who presented in the second week of life, recurrent severe gastrointestinal bleeding, thrombocytopenia and anemia. Diagnosis of multifocal linfangioendoteliomatosis with thrombocytopenia was established. Patient 2 had prenatal diagnosis of ascites and presented at birth sepsis, anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypoproteinemia. Upon laparotomy hemorrhagic ascites and thickening of rectum-sigmoid wall and mesentery were found. Pathologic diagnosis was Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and the clinical course was consistent with Kassabach-Merrit phenomenon. Patient 3 had at birth, multifocal hepatic GLUT1- hemangiomatosis with severe cardiac insufficiency and coagulopathy. She died while waiting for a liver transplantation. Patient 4 is a girl who presented in the newborn period with vomiting and hematochezia. She required several transfusions and endoscopic biopsies showed a vascular tumor that infiltrated duodenum, jejunum and mesentery. Imaging studies and histologic findings on biopsy led to the diagnostic of juvenile hemangioma GLUT-1+.
Vascular tumors of the digestive tract may be difficult to diagnosis and their classification is still incomplete. Pediatric surgeons must be acquainted with these varieties of tumors because they are always involved in diagnosis and therapeutic decision making.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 07/2009; 22(3):125-7.
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L Burgos,
F Hernández,
S Barrena,
A M Andres,
J L Encinas,
N Leal,
M Gamez,
J Murcia,
P Jara,
M Lopez-Santamaria,
J A Tovar
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ABSTRACT: Several variant techniques have been developed as alternatives to whole liver transplantation to improve size matching, timing, or simply to increase the pool of donors. The aim of this study was to assess the requirements of these techniques and their outcomes in a pediatric transplant program.
A retrospective analysis of children on the waiting list in the last 4 years was carried out. Data of patients who died while on the waiting list (WL) were recorded. Transplanted patients were divided according to the type of graft: whole liver, split, living donor and reduced liver. The analyzed outcome variables were: age, weight, UNOS status, cause of liver failure, complications and graft and patient survival. Comparisons between types of graft were performed by using Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, chi (2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
During the period studied, 116 children were listed for liver transplantation. Of these 116 children, nine (7.7 %) died after a mean period of 40.5 (5-175) days waiting for a suitable graft. Their median age at inclusion was 214 (35-1607) days, and median weight was 7.2 (12.3-3.6) kg. The cause of liver failure in this group was: 1 hemochromatosis, 1 hepatoblastoma, 2 biliary atresia, 2 acute liver failure, 2 primary non-function (PNF) and 1 chronic rejection. Liver transplantation was performed in 103 children: 25 (24 %) whole livers, 17 (16.5 %) split, 29 (28 %) living donor, 32 (31 %) reduced and 4 remain on the waiting list. Recipient age and weight were significantly lower in those receiving split and living donor than in those who given whole livers. Patient and graft survival were similar in all groups although there was a trend to lower graft survival in patients receiving whole livers. More than 50 % of patients with UNOS status I received a split graft and 5/6 children with hepatoblastoma underwent living donor transplantation. There were no differences in the rate of acute vascular complications, but long-term biliary complications were more frequent in split and living donor grafts.
As long as the goal of zero mortality for children on the waiting list is not achieved, variant techniques will be necessary in pediatric liver transplantation programs. Split and living donor were employed mostly to treat younger children and particularly those with a higher UNOS status. Children with tumors were treated mainly with living donor grafts. Variant techniques, which are absolutely necessary in a pediatric program, need to be improved in order to avoid long-term biliary complications.
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 12/2008; 18(6):372-4. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Perineal canal (PC) is a fistulous tract that communicates the anus with the vulvar vestibule. Our aim is to show the variable spectrum of complexity of this caudal malformation.
Patient 1 had a single urogenital orifice and a normal anus. After sigmoidostomy, a uterovaginal duplication was discovered upon opening the canal that was repaired at puberty. Patient 2 had a single urogenital orifice, a huge dilatation of a single vagina and an apparently normal anus. During perineal operation without diversion, the true anus was found which opened into the PC. Patient 3 had a single urogenital orifice, a uterovaginal duplication and an apparently patent anus. After colonic diversion, the PC was taken down revealing a normal urethral opening, the absence of an anus and a high rectovaginal fistula at the intervaginal wall. A posterior sagittal approach allowed extensive mobilization of the fistula and the rectum, fashioning of a single vagina and positioning of the rectum within the striated muscle complex.
The cosmetic results were satisfactory. Patients 1 and 2 have normal continence and a near-normal perineal anatomy. Patient 3 is too young to assess continence.
1) Perineal canal is a malformation that may involve the genitourinary system as well as the rectum and perineum. This developmental disturbance of the caudal end is profound as judged by the vaginal duplication and the nearly cloacal pattern of some cases. 2) Repair may be as challenging as that of a regular cloaca requiring an individualized approach.
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 12/2008; 18(6):392-4. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Aim of this study was to assess the long-term results of the treatment of total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) with 2 different techniques in terms of growth, continence and quality of life (QOL).
Forty-one patients treated for TCA between 1972 and 2007 were reviewed retrospectively with special attention paid to the length of aganglionosis, complications, growth, continence and QOL. Until 1992, patients underwent subtotal colonic resection and side-to-side ileosigmoid anastomosis (modified Martin). Since 1992, straight ileo-anal pull-through was preferred. At the end of follow-up (median 18 years, range 1-35), the height and weight, continence and QOL (scoring feeding habits, school/work performance, family life and professional development) were assessed by clinical visit or phone interview.
Twenty-eight patients were male and 13 female. Six had total intestinal aganglionosis and were excluded from this review together with the 2 who died before definitive treatment. The 33/41 persons in whom aganglionosis had involved less than 50 cm above the ileocecal valve and who had been considered suitable for the reestablishment of transanal fecal flow were included. Eighteen children underwent a modified Martin and 15 straight ileo-anal pull-through. Postoperative intestinal obstruction occurred in 4 cases, prolapse and prolonged TPN requirement in 2, and wound disruption and fistula in 1. Thirteen patients (39 %) had postoperative enterocolitis. Two children died after operation (1 wound disruption with sepsis and 1 pneumonia). Out of 31 survivors, 57 % and 53 % were > p50 with regard to height and weight whereas only 15 % and 19 % were <p3 respectively. Only half the patients had more than 3 bowel movements per day and the median Wildhaber continence score (normal = 14) was 11 (range 6-14). Both types of operations resulted in comparable defecation and continence patterns. QOL was rated as good in all cases but one. All patients but 2 attended high school, 8 attend university, 4 are employed and 1 is married and has 2 daughters. Social life is normal except for 1 patient who perceives his disease as a burden.
Patients with TCA amenable to reestablishment of the transanal fecal flow can have adequate growth, normal feeding, reasonably good continence and satisfactory QOL. However, complications and enterocolitis are frequent. A modified Martin's procedure was performed as well as straight ileo-anal pull-through with little influence on the long-term outcome.
European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 11/2008; 18(6):375-9. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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S Barrena,
L F Avila,
R Aguilar,
A M Andrés, L Burgos,
O Suárez,
A L Luis,
C Soto,
D Elorza,
L Martínez,
L Lassaletta,
J A Tovar
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ABSTRACT: To analyze morbility, mortality and neonatal intensive care management in CDH patients who required a prosthetic patch to close the diaphragmatic defects, and to compare these results with those who were made a primary closure.
We reviewed the clinical charts of CDH patients managed at our institution between January 1994 and December 2006, including demographic data, clinical management, treatment options, complications and mortality. Appropriate statistical tests were used to evaluate the data: mortality, need of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), days of intubation, days of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), days of admission, reherniation, need of Nissen funduplication and intestinal obstruction; a p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Eighty-seven CDH patients were reviewed, 68 right, 17 left and 2 bilateral defects. Seventeen died before surgery (19.5%). Among the 70 operated patients, 21 (24.1%) required a prosthetic patch, 18 in the left and 3 in the right side. Overall mortality, need of HFOV, intubation days, need of TPN, days of admission, reherniation rate and need of Nissen funduplication were all significantly worse in the group who required a patch. Rate of intestinal obstruction was similar in both groups.
Patients who required a prosthetic patch to close the diaphragmatic defect suffered from higher morbidity and presented a higher mortality than those who did not required the patch.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 08/2008; 21(3):157-61.
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ABSTRACT: Wilms tumor surgery with intracaval-atrial extension is a challenge. Modern imaging techniques, precise preoperative thrombus location, and multidisciplinary surgical approach is mandatory. We aim to evaluate the outcome of our patients.
Between 1992 and 2005, 52 patients with nephroblastomas underwent surgery in our institution. Nine of them had renal-caval (RC) or cavo-atrial(CA) thrombus extension. Four patients presenting short RC intravascular extension were excluded.
All cases were treated with pre-postoperative chemotherapy SIOP protocols. The level of the extension was retrohepatic in 2 cases, atrial in 3 patients and it even reached the ventricle in 2 of them. A multidisciplinary team was necessary to plan surgery and in all patients thrombus and tumor could be removed under cardiopulmonary by-pass in 3 cases (CPBP). One pulmonary tamponade due to thrombus migration (CAV) occurred and was solved by CPBP. Three cases were stage III, one stage IV and 1 stage II. Conclusions. Tumor size can be significantly reduced by preoperative chemotherapy. In case of CA extension, CPBP and right liver displacement to gain access to retro-hepatic cava are mandatory in order to reduce surgical complications.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 05/2008; 21(2):70-2.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose was to determinate the indications in which the failure of the surgical treatment of the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is more frequent and to analyze the results of the reinterventions.
We made a restrospective review of the patients who underwent reoperation at our Institution during 1992-2006.
19 of 252 Nissen underwent reoperation. In one case was the fourth fundoplication, in another was the third and the second in the rest of them. The reflux was confirmed by upper gastrointestinal contrast study, endoscopy, pH monitoring and, in some cases, manometry. 5 cases have surgical comorbidity (3 Esophageal Atresia (EA), 2 Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), 4 patients was neurologically impaired, 1 had caustic stenosis (CS), and 9 only symptoms of GERD. 8.7% of the patients with GERD, 5.8% of the neurologically impaired children, 10% of the EA, 20% of the CDH and 50% of the CS underwent redo Nissen. The mean time between first and second fundoplication was 1.6 years (range = 1 m-5.5 y). It was 11.2 in neurologically impaired patients, 5 m in CS, 11.5 m in CDH, 2.4 y in EA and 2.8 y in the rest. In patients with respiratory disease, the mean was 1.1 y and 1.9 y in the rest. The mechanism of failure was herniation of the fundoplication through the hiatus in 8 cases, wrap incompetence in 4 and wrap dehiscence in 2. In 5 patients it couldn't be determined. There were 2 postoperative complications. The mean follow-up was 5.3 years (range = 6-151.5 m). There was no cases of mortality. 17 of the 19 patients (89.4%) are free of symptoms and don't need more treatments. The child with CS continuous periodic esophageal dilatations and 1 of the patients with EA has dysphagia to solid foods.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 05/2008; 21(2):92-5.
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ABSTRACT: We report a retrospective study of dog-bitten-children who underwent surgical treatment in our department between 1995 and 2005. We checked the different surgical techniques used to cover the defect as well as short and long-term functional and aesthetic results, considering also infection and hospital stay.
During this period of time, 21 patients received surgical treatment because of dogs bites. Surgical approach was decided considering location and severity of lessions.
Our serie consists of 12 males and 9 females. Head (71%) and extremities (23%) were the most frequent affected areas. Primary closure was carried out in 18 cases and in the remaining 3 artificial skin or tissue flaps were needed; in these 3 cases the resulting scar was later removed. Surgical infection occurred in less than 10% of the children and in all cases, long-term aesthetic results were considered excellent.
Primary closure of dog-bites-injures improves functional and aesthetic results and reduces the surgical procedures in those patients.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 08/2007; 20(3):148-50.
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L Burgos,
L Martínez,
O Suárez,
A M Andrés,
A L Luis,
J L Encinas,
F Hernández,
J Murcia,
P Olivares,
A Queizán,
L Lassaletta,
J A Tovar
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ABSTRACT: Esophagocoloplasty is one of the most used procedures for esophageal replacement in children. Considering high life expectancy in these patients, long-term results must be considered when evaluating this technique. The aim of our study is to evaluate quality of life of adult patients who underwent surgery at pediatric age.
We report a retrospective study of 99 patients who underwent esophageal replacement in our institution between 1966 and 2006. Eight of them have died and 63 out of the remaining 91 are over 18 years now and represent our study serie. Long-term results and actual situation of those patients, considering psychological, physic and social aspects, were evaluated through clinical review and telephonic interview. Karnofsky index was applied to mesure functional ability from 0-100% (bad, medium, good-excellent) according to the answers the patients gave to our questions. We also recorded their health personal experience and subjective evaluation of their quality of life.
Sixty-three patients were reviewed (43 males and 20 females) with a mean age of 4.3 +/- 3.4 D.S. Mean follow-up time was 29.6 +/-7.7 years. Indications for esophageal replacement were as follows: caustication (n = 32), type III esophageal atresia (n = 15), type I AE (n = 13) and others (n = 3). In 48 patients the graft was placed in retroestenal position and in 15 cases retromediastic location was used. Postoperative period was uneventful in 44% of the patients, being the most frequent early complications in the remaining, cervical leakage and stenosis. Long-term, 56,8% did not have any sequelae, 28.5% required further surgery and the remaining 43.13% presented the following complications: symptomatic graft reflux (22), scoliosis and thoracic asymmetry (12), colonic redundancy or cervical diverticulum (7), food impaction (6) and failure to thrive (5). Only one 38 year old patient does not have intestinal tract continuity nowadays. Thirty-one patients have a Karnofsky index > or = 80-100%, being considered healthy and able to have a normal activity. Eighteen patients are included between 40-80%, being the most frequent limitation the need of medication to avoid reflux, backache and occasional episodes of food impact. Only 2 patients have Karnofsky index inferior to 40%. None of them are under 20%.
Esophagocoloplasty allows restoration of intestinal tract continuity in almost all cases and the mortality of this procedure has decreased over time. Even though some risks are still remarkable, it offers long-term good results with little repercussion on functional ability in adult age. Most of the patients consider themselves healthy and enjoy an acceptable quality of life.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 07/2007; 20(3):169-74.
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ABSTRACT: Complex lymphatic malformations (CLM) consist of disturbances of lymphatic system development, most often with a genetic origin and with mixed vascular system involvement: lymphatic, venous and capillary. They affect a large corporal area or are associated to other syndromes or systemic diseases.
We reviewed 21 patients with CLM treated in our hospital during the last 15 years. We used D2-40 monoclonal antibody (by immunohistochemistry) as lymphatic marker to evaluate the level of lymphatic involvement. Furthermore we analysed surgical implications in this group of patients.
Twelve children had only lymphatic involvement and nine mixed lymphatic-capillary or lymphatic-venous one. Two died of: respiratory insufficiency (in the neonatal period) and refractory hypoproteinemia (at 8 years of age). The skin was affected between 10 and 35% of total body surface. Three patients suffered from visceral involvement (lungs and mediastinum) and eighteen musculoskeletal. Severe deformity (20), lymphorhagia (15), repeated lymphangitis and chronic pain (5) were the most common symptoms reported. The immunoreaction intensity with monoclonal antibody D2-40 was related to the severity of the local and systemic involvement as well as to the presence of associated malformations. Fifteen cases underwent sequential surgical treatment, seven were treated with sclerotherapy (OK-432) and four with CO2 laser vaporization. Residual lymphorhagia in patients with total extirpation of the lymphatic malformation stopped after repeated evacuator punctures and healing took place.
(1) D2-40 monoclonal antibody is a marker of bad prognosis in CLM. (2) The complete excision of the lymphatic malformation lead to healing and the associated lymphorragia should not be considered as a recurrence, which will stop with evacuator punctures in all cases. (3) A multidisciplinary team approach is essential for the proper care of CLM in order to minimize postoperative sequelae and late complications.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 05/2007; 20(2):116-8.
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ABSTRACT: Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumours in infancy. Its trophoblastic origin is now confirmed and it would explain their increasing incidence that runs parallel to the more frequent use of fertilization in vitro techniques and the high rates of prematurity and twinning. It is not a coincidence that they appear more often in the face and its location is related to the merging lines of the facial embryonal buds. Nose tip, upper-eyelid and orbital regions are special areas that need a different approach in each case. Over the last years we changed our therapy protocol for these tumours, in an attempt to decrease the psychological, social and scholar impact in children.
During the last 20 years, 36 patients with nasal tip hemangiomas underwent surgical treatment in our institution. We divided them into two groups, those treated between 1985 and 1992 (n=l1) and those treated between 1992 and 2005 (n=25). Traditionally, conservative management including close observation, corticosteroid therapy and finally surgical treatment of the sequelae, was proposed. Late surgical treatment was reserved for incompletely regressed or unsuccessfully treated facial tumours. Our more recent approach involves early surgical excision, in order to avoid psychological distress and cosmetics defects. Age at diagnosis, appearance at that moment, sort of treatment and time of surgical procedure were recorded to evaluate long-term results.
In this paper we report our series of 36 patients, consisting of 26 females and 10 males, with a mean age of 5 +/- 2 months at the first visit. In 11 patients from the first period (1985-1992), corticosteroid therapy was applied waiting the spontaneous regression and they finally underwent delayed surgical treatment at a mean age of 8 years. In the remaining 25 patients treated in the second period, early surgical excision was carried out with a mean age of 3 years and before school age. Indications for corticosteroid therapy include uncontrolled growth and complications (ulceration).
The approach to management of nasal tip hemangiomas should be individualized and must take into account their depth, location, rate of involution and functional disturbance. Children age as well as psychological problems arising from the presence of proliferative hemangioma must be considered when deciding a surgical approach. Upon the high rates of scholar failure in children with deforming hemangiomas, the lack of response to medical therapy and the need of surgical treatment in all cases, our policy now it is to attempt surgical excision and reconstruction before school age. Based on data reported and on our own experience, we consider that very early surgical treatment improves quality of life of our patients and their families.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 05/2007; 20(2):83-6.
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ABSTRACT: Morbidity of tissue extravasations is far of being properly considered in our hospitals. The increased survival rate in very low prematures and severe oncological patients has also produced an increase in the incidence of this complication, that in the most of the cases are not agressively treated in order to minimize the extravasation consequences. We have reviewed our experience in the treatment of these lessions using either injection and saline flushing of the subcutaneous (Gault tissue protocol, 1993) or coverage with artificial dermis in cases with irreversible necrosis.
Between 1998 and 2004, 15 patients with a median age of 3 years (range 3 months- 12 years) were treated because of extravasation injuries. The extravasated solutions were: parenteral nutrition (7), calcium salts (4) and doxorrubicine (4). Ten patients (66%) were treated inmediately according to the Gault protocol. Seven out of the 10 did not suffer any cutaneous loss, and the remaining 3 had only minimal lessions. Debridement of inviable tissue and coverage with articial dermis after 2 or 3 weeks was made in 5 patients (33%). All of them obtained functional and esthetic satisfactory outcomes.
Extravasation injuries must be early evaluated by the surgeon and treated inmediately using saline instilation and subcutaneous flushing. In severe cases with total skin necrosis, artificial dermis proporcionates good esthetic and functional results, similar to other complicated techniques, which are nor indicated in prematures or critical oncological patients.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 08/2006; 19(3):136-9.
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L A Luis,
J L Encinas,
L F Avila,
A M Andrés, L Burgos,
A Fernández,
A Queizán,
P Olivares,
M López-Santamaría,
E Burgos,
F Hernández,
L Lassaletta,
J A Tovar
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ABSTRACT: We analize our experience in the management of the last consecutive 100 Hirschsprung's disease (HD) patients divided into two periods: 1992-1997 and 1998-2004, in order to find out differences in morbidity, mortality and outcome between them. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During this period, 72 males and 28 females were treated. Twelve had family history and five suffered from Down's syndrome. Information about clinical onset, need of stomas, surgical procedures, continence, outcome and mortality was recorded. We compared the results between the two groups with non-parametrics stadistics test. RESULTS: 50% of patients were symptomatic in the newborn period and 25% of them needed some surgical procedures. Seventy four patients suffered from rectosigmoid forms, fourteen colic forms and twelve were total colonic HD (7 with small bowel extension). Hystochemistry was diagnostic in 98%. Nursing was effective in 47 cases. Differences in the need of stomas were found beetween the two periods: 30% during the first period and 6% during the second one (p<0,05). Twenty percent (20) of the patients suffered from enterocolitis (with no differences beetween both groups), and 13 of them still had enterocolitis episodes in spite of stomas or pull-through procedures. We performed 49 Swenson, 29 Soave, 14 transanal and 2 Lester-Martin procedures. The median age at definitive operation was smaller in the last period when compared to the first (p< 0.05). We found good results on continence in 86%, with no relation with definitive surgical procedure nor with the period of time studied. CONCLUSIONES: The younger age at definitive treatment, the performance of stomas and the increase of transanal procedures were the principal differences beetwen the two groups.
Cirugía pediátrica: organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Pediátrica 08/2006; 19(3):177-81.
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Anales de Pediatría 12/2005; 63(5):457-8. · 0.77 Impact Factor
