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ABSTRACT: To investigate the association between reproductive factors and the risk of ovarian cancer among southern Chinese women.
A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, between 2006 and 2008. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on parity, oral contraceptive use and other reproductive factors in a sample of 500 incident ovarian cancer patients and 500 controls (mean age, 59 years). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression models.
High parity was inversely associated with ovarian cancer, with an adjusted OR 0.43 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.62) for women who had given birth to 3 or more children compared to women who had given no more than one birth. Ever use of oral contraceptives was also protective against ovarian cancer; adjusted OR 0.56 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.78). No association was found for hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, hysterectomy and family history of ovarian and/or breast cancer.
High parity and oral contraceptive use are associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer in southern Chinese women.
Journal of Gynecologic Oncology 04/2013; 24(2):135-40. · 1.49 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between consumption of preserved foods and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in southern Chinese women. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, from 2006 to 2008. Participants were 500 incident epithelial ovarian cancer patients and 500 controls, with a mean age 59 years. Information on habitual food consumption was obtained by face-to-face interview using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between preserved foods intake and the ovarian cancer risk. RESULTS: The ovarian cancer patients consumed more preserved foods (median 15.5, interquartile range (IQR) 18.2 g/day) than controls (median 13.8, IQR 20.5 g/day), p < 0.001. The adjusted odds ratios of ovarian cancer was 1.78 (95% confidence interval 1.35 to 2.34) for women consuming more than 13.5 g of preserved vegetables and preserved meats per day relative to those below. Similar two-fold increases in risk at high level of intake were also evident for serous and mucinous subtypes of epithelial ovarian tumours. CONCLUSION: Intake of preserved foods was positively associated with the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in southern Chinese women.
Gynecologic Oncology 03/2013; · 3.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This intervention aimed to ascertain whether a low-cost, accessible, physical activity and nutrition program could improve physical activity and nutrition behaviours of insufficiently active 60--70 year olds residing in Perth, Australia. METHODS: A 6-month home-based randomised controlled trial was conducted on 478 older adults (intervention, n = 248; control, n = 230) of low to medium socioeconomic status. Both intervention and control groups completed postal questionnaires at baseline and post-program, but only the intervention participants received project materials. A modified fat and fibre questionnaire measured nutritional behaviours, whereas physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Generalised estimating equation models were used to assess the repeated outcomes over both time points. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 176 intervention participants and 199 controls (response rate 78.5%) with complete data. After controlling for demographic and other confounding factors, the intervention group demonstrated increased participation in strength exercise (p < 0.001), walking (p = 0.029) and vigorous activity (p = 0.015), together with significant reduction in mean sitting time (p < 0.001) relative to controls. Improvements in nutritional behaviours for the intervention group were also evident in terms of fat avoidance (p < 0.001), fat intake (p = 0.021) and prevalence of frequent fruit intake (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: A minimal contact, low-cost and home-based physical activity program can positively influence seniors' physical activity and nutrition behaviours.Trial registration: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12609000735257.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 01/2013; 10(1):14. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is an important neoplasm that is difficult to diagnose and treat; therefore, prevention is the preferable strategy. Growing evidence indicates a protective effect of breastfeeding on ovarian cancer risk. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the association between lactation and the risk of ovarian cancer among southern Chinese women. DESIGN: A case-control study was undertaken in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, between August 2006 and July 2008. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used to obtain information on the months of lactation and number of children breastfed in a sample of 493 incident ovarian cancer patients and 472 hospital-based controls (mean age: 59 y). Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between breastfeeding and the risk of ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Significant inverse dose-response relations were found for both duration of lactation and the number of children breastfed. The adjusted ORs were 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.19) for women with ≥31 mo of total lactation and those with ≤10 mo of lactation and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.27, 0.55) for women with ≥3 children breastfed compared with those with one child breastfed. CONCLUSION: Prolonged lactation is associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer in parous Chinese women.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 01/2013; · 6.67 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the relationship between habitual physical activity and the risk of ovarian cancer among southern Chinese women. METHOD: A case-control study was conducted in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, during 2006-2008. Information on physical activity exposure and lifestyle characteristics was obtained from 500 incident ovarian cancer patients and 500 hospital-based controls (mean age 59years) using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between physical activity levels and the ovarian cancer risk. RESULTS: The control subjects reported significantly longer duration of strenuous sports and moderate activity in daily life than the ovarian cancer patients. Increased engagements in such leisure time activities were associated with reduced cancer risks after adjustment for confounding factors. A significant inverse dose-response relationship was also found for total physical activity exposure, with adjusted odds ratio 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.35-0.68) for women engaged in 23 or more metabolic equivalent tasks (MET)-hours per week relative to those less than 12 MET-hours per week. CONCLUSION: The study provided evidence of an inverse association between habitual physical activity and the risk of ovarian cancer, which is important for the promotion and encouragement of leisure time exercise activities to prevent the disease.
Preventive Medicine 11/2012; · 3.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Objective: To ascertain the relationship between tea drinking and the risk of ovarian cancer among southern Chinese women, a case-control study was conducted in southern China during 2006-2008. Methods: Five hundred incident patients with histologically confirmed epithelial carcinoma of the ovary and 500 controls (mean age 59 years) were recruited from four public hospitals in Guangzhou. Information on frequency, quantity and duration of tea drinking, amount of dried tea leaves brewed, together with habitual diet and lifestyle characteristics, was obtained face-to-face from participants using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between tea consumption variables and the ovarian cancer risk. Results: The control subjects reported higher tea consumption levels and prevalence (78.8%) than the ovarian cancer patients (51.4%). Regular drinking of green tea, black tea and/or oolong tea was associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer, the adjusted odds ratio being 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.22-0.39) after accounting for confounding factors. When compared with non-drinkers, apparent inverse dose-response relationships were observed for years of drinking, number of cups and quantity of tea consumed, as well as amount of dried tea leaves brewed (p<0.01). Conclusion: Regular tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer for southern Chinese women.
Cancer epidemiology. 10/2012;
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ABSTRACT: Issue addressed. The Physical Activity and Nutrition Program for Seniors (PANS) program aimed to increase levels of physical activity and improve the diet of insufficiently active community-based seniors aged 60 to 70 years using a range of strategies. Comprehensive process evaluation was used to determine the suitability and appropriateness of the resources and effectiveness of the strategies. Method. Process evaluation data (qualitative and quantitative) were collected on the program strategies and resources throughout, and at the conclusion of the intervention period. Results. The program strategies/resources were found to be relevant to the population, assisting participants to increase their level of physical activity and improve their diet. Participants reported that the program resources were suitable for their age-group (84%), encouraged them to think about physical activity (78%), and nutrition (70%). Participants reported that they used the pedometer (91%) and recorded daily steps (78%). Moreover, the provision of group guides facilitated individuals to set and achieve personal goals. Conclusion. The PANS strategies and resources were appropriate, which supported the seniors in identifying, establishing, and achieving their physical activity and nutrition goals. Minor refinements of the program were recommended based on the findings.
Health Promotion Practice 10/2012;
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ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To investigate the association between risk of ovarian cancer and body size among southern Chinese women. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was undertaken in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, from 2006 to 2008. Participants were 500 incident ovarian cancer patients and 500 controls, with a mean age of 59 years. Information on adult height and weight was obtained via face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between anthropometric factors and the ovarian cancer risk. RESULTS: Compared with women having body weight ≤50 kg and body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m(2), the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ovarian cancer were 1.84 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.34-2.54) and 1.77 (95 % CI 1.04-3.02) in those women who had body weight >55 kg and BMI ≥23 kg/m(2), respectively. Significant dose-response relationships were also observed for both weight and BMI (p < 0.01). Body height was not significantly associated with ovarian cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Body weight and BMI were associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer in southern Chinese women.
Cancer Causes and Control 10/2012; · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess the association between first eye cataract surgery and hospitalization from injuries due to a fall in older adults at the population level.
Retrospective population-based study.
Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System and Western Australian mortality data.
Six hundred individuals aged 60 and older hospitalized from injuries due to a fall between 2004 and 2008 in Western Australia.
Hospital admission from injuries due to a fall.
Of the 15,295 individuals who underwent cataract surgery in one eye only, 600 (3.9%) were involved in 625 hospital admissions from injuries due to a fall 1 year before (n = 273) or 1 year after (n = 352) first eye cataract surgery; 30% of these hospitalizations were for femoral neck fractures. Poisson generalized estimating equations confirmed 27% more (adjusted risk ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.56 P = .02) hospitalizations from injuries due to a fall in the year after first eye cataract surgery than in the year before.
First eye cataract surgery was associated with more hospital admissions from injuries due to a fall in the year after cataract surgery than in the year before. Further research is needed to determine the underlying causes and reasons.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 08/2012; 60(9):1730-3. · 3.74 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Injury due to road traffic crash is a major cause of ill health and premature deaths in developing countries. Taxis provide a main mode of public transport in Vietnam but there has been little research on the risk of crash for taxi drivers. This retrospective study collected information on taxi crashes for the period 2006-2009 by interviewing drivers from five taxi companies in Hanoi, Vietnam, using a structured questionnaire. Of the total 1214 participants recruited, 276 drivers reported at least one crash, giving an overall crash prevalence of 22.7%. Among the crashed group, 50 drivers (18.1%) were involved in two to four crashes. Logistic regression analysis further identified age of driver, type of driving licence, employment status, perceived sufficiency of income, seat-belt usage, and traffic infringement history to be significantly associated with the crash risk. Further prospective and qualitative studies are recommended to provide detailed crash characteristics as well as behaviour and perception of taxi drivers, so that an effective intervention can be developed to improve road safety and to prevent injury of these commercial drivers.
Accident; analysis and prevention 06/2012; · 1.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate whether caffeine intake is associated with urinary incontinence (UI) among Japanese adults.
A total of 683 men and 298 women aged 40 to 75 years were recruited from the community in middle and southern Japan. A validated food frequency questionnaire was administered face-to-face to obtain information on dietary intake and habitual beverage consumption. Urinary incontinence status was ascertained using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form.
Mean daily caffeine intake was found to be similar between incontinent subjects (men 120 mg, women 94 mg) and others without the condition (men 106 mg, women 103 mg), p=0.33 for men and p=0.44 for women. The slight increases in risk of UI at the highest level of caffeine intake were not significant after adjusting for confounding factors. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.36 (0.65 to 2.88) and 1.12 (0.57 to 2.22) for men and women, respectively.
No association was evident between caffeine intake and UI in middle-aged and older Japanese adults. Further studies are required to confirm the effect of caffeine in the prevention of UI.
Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Ŭihakhoe chi. 05/2012; 45(3):204-8.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate whether a home-based program, physical activity and nutrition for seniors (PANS), made positive changes to central obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).
A 6-month randomised controlled trial was conducted targeting overweight and sedentary older adults aged 60 to 70 years residing in low to medium socio-economic suburbs within metropolitan Perth. Intervention participants (n=248) received mailed materials and telephone/email support to improve nutrition and physical activity levels. Controls (n=230) received small incentives to complete baseline and post-intervention questionnaires. Both groups reported anthropometric measures following specific written instructions. Generalised estimating equation models were used to assess repeated outcomes of BMI and WHR over both time points.
176 intervention and 199 controls (response rate 78.5%) with complete data were available for analysis. After controlling for demographic and other confounding factors, the intervention group demonstrated a small (0.02) but significant reduction in WHR (p=0.03) compared to controls, no apparent change in BMI was evident for both groups. The 0.02 reduction in mean WHR corresponded to a 2.11 cm decrease in waist circumference for a typical hip circumference.
PANS appears to improve the WHR of participants. Changes in BMI might require a longer term intervention to take effect, and/or a follow-up study to confirm its sustainability.
Preventive Medicine 04/2012; 54(6):397-401. · 3.22 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Asthma is a highly prevalent disease that may affect the lifestyle adopted by young adults. This study investigated whether asthma status influences fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity level, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking behavior of young adults in Australia. Information of 2619 participants aged 18 to 29 years was extracted from the 2007-2008 Australian National Health Survey database. The level of physical activity and fruit consumption were found to be similar between young adults with and without asthma. Participants with asthma symptoms in the past 12 months were more likely to achieve the dietary recommendation for vegetable intake, but they tended to smoke tobacco and consume alcohol above safe levels. It may be necessary to develop prevention strategies targeting young adults with asthma that include screening for harmful use of substances.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health 03/2012; · 1.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effectiveness of first eye cataract surgery on drivers aged 60 years and over at a population level.
A retrospective before and after comparison of all police reported crashes for patients who had undergone first eye cataract surgery using linked Western Australia data for the period 1997-2006. An economic analysis by the type of crash was performed on the cost savings from cataract surgery for this cohort.
Of the 27,827 patients who underwent cataract surgery in one eye only, 1715 patients were involved in 1762 police reported crash events, either 1 year before (n = 941 crashes) or 1 year after (n = 821 crashes) cataract surgery. Results from Poisson generalized estimating equations showed a significant reduction of 12.7% (P = 0.034) in all police reported crashes 1 year after cataract surgery. The corresponding cost savings amounted to $4.3 million.
The findings are important for policy development to further improve driving outcomes among older drivers.
Ophthalmic epidemiology 02/2012; 19(1):23-8. · 1.93 Impact Factor
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Neurourology and Urodynamics 01/2012; 31(1):207-8. · 2.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and urinary incontinence among Japanese women.
A total of 300 women aged 40-75 years were recruited from the community in middle and southern Japan. A validated food frequency questionnaire was given face-to-face to obtain information on dietary intake and habitual alcohol consumption. Urinary incontinence status was ascertained using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form.
Among the 298 eligible participants, 82 women (27.5%) experienced urine leakage. The prevalence of alcohol drinking and mean ethanol intake were slightly higher among the incontinent women (39%; 7.1, standard deviation 24.1 g/day) than others without the condition (35.6%; 4.3, standard deviation 10.7 g/day). Relative to non-drinkers, the adjusted odds ratios of urinary incontinence were 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.74-2.33) for alcohol drinking and 1.69 (95% confidence interval 0.42-6.81) for ethanol intake over 32 g/day, though the increases in risk did not reach statistical significance.
Little association is evident between alcohol consumption and urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older Japanese women. Further studies are required to define the role of alcohol as a contributing factor of this distressing condition.
International Journal of Urology 11/2011; 19(2):143-8. · 1.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A history of asthma could lead to a higher risk of injury according to a recent study, but both asthma status and injury events of participants were self-reported, so that the findings might be affected by recall bias and inaccuracy of diagnosis.
To ascertain the association between asthma and risk of injury for Australian males using linked hospitalization records.
A population-based birth cohort study of males born between 1980 and 1984 in Western Australia was conducted. Eligible subjects were identified from birth registry records and followed up from 6 years of age until death or 31 December 2009. Hospitalizations for asthma and injury of the cohort were extracted from the linked health databases. Multivariate Poisson regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of injury in relation to both previous and recent asthma admissions.
Australian males with asthma admission within the past 2 years or in previous years were found to experience an increased risk of injury. A recent asthma admission was associated with a higher risk of injury than a previous history of asthma admissions.
Physiological and mental side effects of asthma medication as well as the presence of asthmatic symptoms may contribute to the elevated injury risk. Further research of the underlying causes is needed to develop an injury prevention strategy for male patients with asthma.
Journal of Asthma 09/2011; 48(7):736-40. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the association between psychoactive medications and crash risk in drivers aged 60 and older.
Retrospective population-based case-crossover study.
A database study that linked the Western Australian Hospital Morbidity Data System and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.
Six hundred sixteen individuals aged 60 and older who were hospitalized as the result of a motor vehicle crash between 2002 and 2008 in Western Australia.
Hospitalization after a motor vehicle crash.
Greater risk for a hospitalization crash was found for older drivers prescribed benzodiazepines (odds ratio (OR)=5.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.6-7.8, P<.001), antidepressants (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0-3.3, P=.04), and opioid analgesics (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.0-2.3, P=.05). Crash risk was significantly greater in men prescribed a benzodiazepine (OR=6.2, 95% CI=3.2-12.2, P<.001) or an antidepressant (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.1-6.9, P=.03). Women prescribed benzodiazepines (OR=4.9, 95% CI=3.1-7.8, P<.001) or opioid analgesics (OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.1-3.0, P=.03) also had a significantly greater crash risk. Subgroup analyses further suggested that drivers with (OR=4.0, 95% CI=2.9-8.1, P<.001) and without (OR=6.0, 95% CI=3.8-9.5, P<.001) a chronic condition who were prescribed benzodiazepines were at greater crash risk. Drivers with a chronic condition taking antidepressants (OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.3-8.5, P=.01) also had a greater crash risk.
Psychoactive medication usage was associated with greater risk of a motor vehicle crash requiring hospitalization in older drivers.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 08/2011; 59(9):1575-80. · 3.74 Impact Factor
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CancerSpectrum Knowledge Environment 08/2011; 103(19):1481; author reply 1481-2. · 14.07 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a distressing condition that affects the lifestyle of older people. To investigate the relationship between UI and physical activity among older adults, a community-based study was conducted in Japan.
A total of 700 men and 300 women (mean age 66.2, SD 7.7 years) were recruited from the community in middle and southern Japan. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form was administered by face-to-face interviews to ascertain UI status. Habitual physical activity levels (walking, moderate and vigorous activities) were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and measured in terms of energy expenditure as metabolic equivalent tasks (MET).
The prevalence of UI was 7.2% (n = 49) among the 683 eligible male participants and 27.5% (n = 82) among the 298 female participants, who had experienced urine leakage for 2.6 (SD 1.9) years and 4.2 (SD 5.1) years, respectively. Habitual walking levels were lower among incontinent subjects than others without the condition. The adjusted risk of UI was 0.36 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14, 0.92) for men and 0.43 (95% CI 0.20, 0.96) for women, when comparing frequent walkers with over 1000 MET minutes of walking per week to completely sedentary participants. The prevalence of UI also decreased with total and moderate activity levels, but the corresponding reductions in risk were not statistically significant.
The finding of an inverse association between UI and walking has important implications for the prevention and treatment of this distressing condition.
Current Aging Science 07/2011; 5(1):35-40.
