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ABSTRACT: Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are increasingly being used as photoluminescen markers in biological imaging. Their brightness, large Stokes shift, and high photostability compared to organic fluorophores permit the exploration of biological phenomena at the single-molecule scale with superior temporal resolution and spatial precision. NCs have predominantly been used as extracellular markers for tagging and tracking membrane proteins. Successful internalization and intracellular labelling with NCs have been demonstrated for both fixed immunolabelled and live cells. However, the precise localization and subcellular compartment labelled are less clear. Generally, live cell studies are limited by the requirement of fairly invasive protocols for loading NCs and the relatively large size of NCs compared to the cellular machinery, along with the subsequent sequestration of NCs in endosomal/lysosomal compartments. For long-period observation the potential cytotoxicity of cytoplasmically loaded NCs must be evaluated. This review focuses on the challenges of intracellular uses of NCs.
Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 02/2007; 2007(7):68963. · 2.44 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are increasingly being used as photoluminescen markers in biological imaging. Their bright-ness, large Stokes shift, and high photostability compared to organic fluorophores permit the exploration of biological phenomena at the single-molecule scale with superior temporal resolution and spatial precision. NCs have predominantly been used as extra-cellular markers for tagging and tracking membrane proteins. Successful internalization and intracellular labelling with NCs have been demonstrated for both fixed immunolabelled and live cells. However, the precise localization and subcellular compartment labelled are less clear. Generally, live cell studies are limited by the requirement of fairly invasive protocols for loading NCs and the relatively large size of NCs compared to the cellular machinery, along with the subsequent sequestration of NCs in endo-somal/lysosomal compartments. For long-period observation the potential cytotoxicity of cytoplasmically loaded NCs must be evaluated. This review focuses on the challenges of intracellular uses of NCs.
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Article ID. 01/2007; 68963(9).
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Angewandte Chemie International Edition 08/2006; 45(28):4612-7. · 13.45 Impact Factor
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Angewandte Chemie 06/2006; 118(28):4728 - 4733.
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Almudena Muñoz Javier,
Oliver Kreft, Alicia Piera Alberola,
Christian Kirchner,
Bernd Zebli,
Andrei S Susha,
Elias Horn,
Susanne Kempter,
Andre G Skirtach,
Andrey L Rogach,
Joachim Rädler,
Gleb B Sukhorukov,
Martin Benoit,
Wolfgang J Parak
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ABSTRACT: We propose a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy for the investigation of particle uptake by cells. Positively and negatively charged polymer microcapsules were chosen as model particles, because their interaction with cells had already been investigated in detail. AFM measurements allowed the recording of adhesion forces on a single-molecule level. Due to the micrometer size of the capsules, the number of ingested capsules could be counted by optical microscopy. The combination of both methods allowed combined measurement of the adhesion forces and the uptake rate for the same model particle. As a demonstration of this system, the correlation between the adhesion of positively or negatively charged polymer microcapsules onto cell surfaces and the uptake of these microcapsules by cells has been investigated for several cell lines. As is to be expected, we find a correlation between both processes, which is in agreement with adsorption-dependent uptake of the polymer microcapsules by cells.
Small 04/2006; 2(3):394-400. · 8.35 Impact Factor
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Almudena Muñoz Javier,
Oliver Kreft Dr, Alicia Piera Alberola,
Christian Kirchner Dr,
Bernd Zebli,
Andrei S. Susha Dr,
Elias Horn,
Susanne Kempter,
Andre G. Skirtach Dr,
Andrey L. Rogach Dr,
Joachim Rädler Prof,
Gleb B. Sukhorukov Prof,
Martin Benoit Dr,
Wolfgang J. Parak Dr
Small 01/2006; 2(3):394 - 400. · 8.35 Impact Factor