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Chinese medical journal 05/2013; 126(10):1998. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Prostate cancer (PCa) research in China has been on a rocketing trend in recent years. The first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in China identified two new PCa risk associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Next generation sequencing is beginning to be used, yielding novel findings: gene fusions, long non-coding RNAs and other variations. Mechanisms of PCa progression have been illustrated while various diagnosis biomarkers have been investigated extensively. Personalized therapy based on genetic factors, nano-medicine and traditional Chinese medicine has been the focus of experimental therapeutic research for PCa. This review intends to shed light upon the recent progress in PCa research in China and points out the possible breakthroughs in the future.Asian Journal of Andrology advance online publication, 22 April 2013; doi:10.1038/aja.2013.37.
Asian Journal of Andrology 04/2013; · 1.52 Impact Factor
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Chinese medical journal 11/2012; 125(21):3769-70. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Open pyeloplasty has been historically described as the gold standard for the surgical treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), even if new techniques have recently gained a prominent role in this field. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) is not widely prevelant because of the technically challenging nature and it represents the gold standard for UPJO only in expert hands. To overcome some difficulties and technical challenges encountered during pure laparoscopic pyeloplasty, we designed a set of new instruments and assessed them using porcine model.
According to the ideas from the surgeons, our medical engineer designed three new instruments, including the right angle laparoscopy scissors, the petal-shape ureter dilator and the guide tube. Four experienced laparoscopic experts were involved in a no survival porcine study to assess the help of these new instruments. Four experiments were conducted on live pigs that weighed 22 to 25 kg at the same time. After general anesthesia was administered, transperitoneal ureteroureterostomy was performed using standard laparoscopic instruments, including placing the double J stent anterograde. Then, the opposite lateral was done by the same surgeon plus these new devices for side-by-side comparative analysis. All experts were interviewed to assess these new instruments by the questionnaire based on the visual analog scale (VAS) from 1 (none) to 10 (very much).
The procedures were all technically successful. The right angle laparoscopy scissors and the guide tube were accepted by all participants and the Help Score were 6.75 and 4.25 respectively, at the same time the New Difficulty Score 1.25 and 1.75. However, the petal-shape ureter dilator got 1.5 Help Score and 6.5 New Difficulty Score. These surgeons made a negative comment and one of surgeons recommended the stone basket was more suitable.
The right angle laparoscopy scissors and the guide tube may be helpful to minimize some difficulties in pure laparoscopic pyeloplasty.
Chinese medical journal 11/2012; 125(21):3791-4. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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Qin-Song Zeng,
Chuan-Liang Xu,
Zhi-Yong Liu,
Hui-Qing Wang,
Bo Yang,
Wei-Dong Xu,
Tai-Le Jin,
Cheng-Yao Wu,
Gang Huang,
Zheng Li,
Bo Wang, Ying-Hao Sun
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ABSTRACT: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common medical conditions in middle aged and older men. This study investigated the relationship between serum levels of sex hormones and measures of BPH in the aging male population of China. Prostate symptoms were assessed as part of a free health screening program for men ≥40 years of age. The examination included digital rectal examination, determination of serum prostate-specific antigen levels, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and transrectal ultrasonography. Serum levels of total testosterone (TT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free testosterone (FT), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL) and estradiol (E(2)) were evaluated. The men also completed a health and demographics questionnaire and received a detailed physical examination. The final study population consisted of 949 men with a mean age of 58.9 years. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there were significant correlations between age and levels of all sex hormones except TT, and between age and prostate volume (PV; r=0.243; P<0.01) or IPSS (r=0.263; P<0.01). Additional significant correlations were found between IPSS and serum levels of LH (r=0.112; P<0.01) and FSH (r=0.074; P<0.05), but there were no significant correlations between sex hormone levels and PV. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed significant correlations between age and body mass index (BMI) with PV (P<0.0001). In addition, there was a significant correlation between age and PV with IPSS (P<0.0001). Serum sex hormone levels did not correlate with PV or IPSS. The effects of endocrine changes on measures of BPH in aging men require further investigation in longitudinal and multicenter studies that include patients with all severities of BPH.
Asian Journal of Andrology 07/2012; 14(5):773-7. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although the introduction of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements into clinical practice has revolutionized the care of patients with prostate cancer, there are well-recognized limitations of PSA, and there is a critical need to identify additional prostate cancer biomarkers to assist in early detection and prognosis. In this regard, high resolution proteomic technology has the unexceptionable superiority to find those high abundance biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to search new tumor markers by proteomic technology.
The proteins in conditioned medium (CM) of BPH-1 and LNCaP cells were profiled by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The corresponding mRNA levels of some identified proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR.
Totally 11 differentially expressed proteins (6 up-regulated including creatine kinase, brain (CKB), triosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1), isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) and 5 down-regulated including glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi)) in the CM were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS and database search. The expression pattern between mRNA and CM protein levels of CKB, IDH2, TPI1 and GST-pi in BPH-1 and LNCaP was similar.
We proved a feasible and effective way to search new tumor markers by a proteomics-based strategy and identified 11 potentially useful proteins in CM of BPH-1 and LNCaP cells to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Chinese medical journal 11/2011; 124(22):3806-9. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess the impact on visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores of allowing male patients to view the procedure of flexible cystoscopy.
A total of 86 male patients admitted to our hospital for flexile cystoscopy by a single urologist between 2010 and 2011 were randomized to two equal groups. Group 1 included 43 patients who were allowed to watch the video screen with the urologist. Group 2 included 43 patients who were unable to view the video monitor. All patients received the same real-time explanation during the cystoscopy. Patients recorded their pain feeling on a VAS ranging from 0 to 10 after the physician completed the cystoscopy. The pulse and respiratory rate were also recorded 5 minutes before the procedure and immediately after the procedure.
There was no statistically significant difference in the postprocedure pulse rate and respiratory rate between groups. The mean pain score on the VAS in group 1 was statistically significantly lower than that in group 2 (1.12±0.96 vs 3.33±2.50, P<0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). Patients who were allowed to watch the video screen experienced less discomfort at cystoscopy.
Real-time visualization of flexible cystoscopy with simultaneous explanation improves male patients' comfort.
Journal of endourology / Endourological Society 08/2011; 25(8):1343-6. · 1.75 Impact Factor
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European urology 07/2011; 60(5):e42-3; author reply e44. · 7.67 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 conditioned medium (PC- 3-CM) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow human basalis mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).
hBMSCs were isolated and culture-expanded by density gradient centrifugation from normal volunteers. PC-3 cells were cultured till the time of logarithmic growth and then transferred to a fresh medium, which, after 24 hours of incubation, was collected as PC-3-CM. Passage 3 hBMSCs were cultured in the fresh medium alone (the control group) or that with 50% PC-3-CM (the experimental group), and the effect of PC-3-CM on the proliferation activity of the hBMSCs was detected by WST-8 assay. Based on the types of medium used, the hBMSCs were divided into Groups I (control), II (50% PC-3-CM), III (osteoblast inducer) and IV (osteoblast inducer containing 50% PC-3 CM). The effects of PC-3-CM on the osteoblastic differentiation of the hBMSCs were determined by ALP staining, ALP activity detection, Von Kossa staining, and calcium quantitation.
At 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of incubation, the absorbance values of the cells in the experimental group were 0.4370 +/- 0.0285, 0.7980 +/- 0.0213, 1.9090 +/- 0.0612 and 2.3023 +/- 0.0610, and those in the control group were 0.4060 +/- 0.0223, 0.6643 +/- 0.0075, 1.3727 +/- 0.0176 and 1.7947 +/- 0.0115, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.01) except on day 1 (P > 0.05). The positive rate and intensity of ALP staining were gradually increased in the four groups, with the ALP activities of 0.29 +/- 0.03, 1.30 +/- 0.03, 2.13 +/- 0.08, and 3.80 +/- 0.03, respectively (P < 0.01), and so was the intensity of Von Kossa staining, with the calcium depositions of 0.04 +/- 0.01, 0.44 +/- 0.05, 0.98 +/- 0.03, and 1.27 +/- 0.04, respectively (P < 0.01).
PC-3- CM can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 03/2011; 17(3):229-36.
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ABSTRACT: Tamsulosin hydrochloride can significantly improve benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms after the first dose and achieve long-term efficacy in European and American populations; however, the corresponding studies from China are rarely seen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg once daily in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of BPH in China.
Chinese patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH were enrolled in a 4-week placebo run-in period and subsequent 60-week open-label study. Tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.2 mg was administered daily during the period of the study. The efficacy and safety parameters were evaluated at the end of treatment period I (0 - 12 weeks) and period II (13 - 60 weeks). The BPH patients were divided into tamsulosin monotherapy group and combination therapy group which received concomitant medication of finasteride 5 mg once daily after the evaluation at the end of treatment period I.
A total of 113 patients were recruited to the study. Eighty-two patients received tamsulosin monotherapy and twenty-nine received combination therapy during the treatment period II. Tamsulosin hydrochloride produced a great improvement in mean maximum urinary flow rate (Q(max)) (1.7 ml/s, 3 ml/s) and a significant decrease in mean international prostate symptom score (IPSS) (4.1, 6.4) after 12-week and 60-week treatments, respectively. At the end of treatment period II, there were significant improvement in IPSS, quality of life (QOL) score, Q(max) and average flow rate (Q(ave)) for combination therapy group compared with the treatment period I (all P < 0.05). No serious adverse events (SAE) were recorded during the study.
Long-term tamsulosin hydrochloride therapy is a safe, effective and well-tolerated method for the treatment for LUTS suggestive of BPH in China.
Chinese medical journal 01/2011; 124(1):56-60. · 0.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the regulatory effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NS398 on the expression of the RECK gene in the animal model of prostate cancer.
Nude mouse models of prostate cancer were divided into an experimental and a control group, the former fed with NS398 at 0.1 mg/g per day for 10, 20 and 30 days, while latter left without medication. All the mice were killed at 30 days, the mRNA expressions of RECK and MMP-9 in the tumor tissues measured by RT-PCR, and the protein level of RECK evaluated by Western blot.
Both the mRNA and protein expressions of RECK were increased, while the level of MMP-9 decreased, in an obviously time-dependent manner in the experimental group as compared with the control.
NS398 obviously inhibits the pathogenesis and metastasis of prostate cancer, which may be attributed to its induction of the expression of the RECK gene and suppression of the expression of MMP-9.
Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 12/2010; 16(12):1079-82.
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ABSTRACT: To study the expressions of the androgen receptor (AR) in the normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (PCa), and investigate the relationship of AR with prostatic hyperplasia and PCa.
The expressions of AR were detected in 15 normal prostate, 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia and 40 PCa samples by immunofluorescent staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting.
Real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed no statistically significant differences in the expressions of AR between the normal prostate and prostatic hyperplasia groups (P < 0.05), while immunofluorescent staining exhibited an increase of the expression in the BPH tissues. All the three methods showed that the AR expression was significantly higher in the PCa than in the normal prostate and prostatic hyperplasia groups (P < 0.05), in the well differentiated than in the poorly differentiated tumor, and in the early than in the advanced stage (P < 0.05), but the lowest in the hormone-refractory PCa (HRPC) tissue.
The expression of AR is higher in PCa than in normal prostate and prostatic hyperplasia tissues, and is correlated with the pathological grade and clinical stage of PCa.
Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 11/2010; 16(11):967-72.
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ABSTRACT: To study the effectiveness of freeze-thaw antigens and acid eluted peptide antigens extracted from tumor cell-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in inducing prostate cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro.
Tumor antigens were extracted from the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with the repeated freeze-thaw and weak acid elution methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-4 for inducing DCs in vitro. Then the DCs were pulsed with the two kinds of prostate cancer tumor antigens respectively and cultured with T cells for inducing CTLs. The activity of the tumor-specific CTLs were detected by LDH release assay.
The protein content in the tumor antigens obtained from PC-3 (2 x 10(7)) by citric acid-phosphate buffer elution and that by the repeated freeze-thaw method were (212.2 +/- 7.9) microg and (963.0 +/- 25.3) microg, respectively. The two kinds of prostate cancer antigens-pulsed DCs had a significant role in inducing the PC-3 cell-specific CTLs, and the CTLs induced by acid-eluted peptide antigen-pulsed DCs exhibited an even more significant tumor-specific cytotoxicity than those induced by repeated freeze-thaw ([60.4 +/- 5.52]% vs. [43.7 +/- 4.11]%, P < 0.01).
Both the weak acid elution and repeated freeze-thaw methods for extracting prostate cancer antigens can be used for in vitro sensitization of DCs. The DCs pulsed by either of the two kinds of antigens can activate CTLs, and the antigens extracted by weak acid elution are even more effective.
Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 05/2010; 16(5):410-4.
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ABSTRACT: To create and evaluate an inexpensive novel model for training in retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty.
The retroperitoneal cavity was simulated by five boards fixed together by detachable hinges; the extent of operating difficulty could be adjusted by changing the angle of inclination. The middle of a plasticine model kidney was imbedded into a metal clip, and a carp swim bladder was fitted to the kidney to model the dilated pelvis. The "ureter" was a 10-cm long porcine ureter. Semicircular-shaped simulator, laparoscopic camera system, scissors, needle holder, and surgical forceps specific for training were used. Ten rounds of intensive training of the "ureteropelvic" anastomosis procedure was provided for five laparoscopic surgeons. Each trainee's mean time of achieving dismembered pyeloplasty in three patients was recorded; the corresponding index in the last three ureteropelvic junction obstruction operations performed by each person before intensive training was retrospectively revised. Subjective evaluation was also performed, and a general self-efficacy (GSE) scale was applied to evaluate the self-confidence of trainees.
This model reproduced the technical complexity of laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. The operative time significantly declined from 41.84 +/- 3.00 minutes to 25.04 +/- 2.37 minutes after intensive training. GSE scores after training were also higher than before (27.60 +/- 1.14 vs 22.20 +/- 1.79). Correlation between operative time and GSE was significant. After training, all participants were more skillful in performing ureteropelvic anastomosis. This is a small study with a middle-term follow-up. The operation also cannot be simulated completely because the ureter is separate from the renal pelvis in the beginning.
This model demonstrates satisfying fidelity and practicality; it could easily be built and reused, and could result in lower costs than those incurred using the traditional model.
Journal of endourology / Endourological Society 05/2010; 24(8):1345-9. · 1.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Androgen-independent prostate cancers express high levels of Bcl-2, and this over-expression of Bcl-2 protects prostate cancer cells from undergoing apoptosis. Ursolic acid (UA) has demonstrated an anti-proliferative effect in various tumor types. The aim of this study is to evaluate the difference between UA-induced apoptosis in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP cells and androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP-AI cells and to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the apoptosis. We found that UA treatment in vitro can effectively induce apoptosis in LNCaP and LNCaP-AI cells. UA can overcome Bcl-2-mediated resistance to apoptosis in LNCaP-AI cells. Intrinsic apoptotic pathways can be triggered by UA treatment because c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated and subsequently provokes Bcl-2 phosphorylation and degradation, inducing activation of caspase-9. Although further evaluation is clearly needed, the present results suggest the potential utility of UA as a novel therapeutic agent in advanced prostate cancer.
Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 03/2010; 109(4):764-73. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-port transumbilical laparoscopic nephrectomy.
From December 2008 to August 2009, we have performed three cases of single-port transumbilical laparoscopic nephrectomy of nonfunctioning renal by Tri-Port system. Among three patients there were two cases of UPJO and one case of upper ureteral obstruction. Involved kidneys were not visualized in IVU and the GFR were not more than 0.90 ml/s. Tri-Port system was inserted transperitoneal through a 2 cm umbilical incision. The flexible grasper, scissors were used in addition to standard laparoscopic equipment. Renal pedicle was divided by Endoscopic Linear Stapling device. Specimens were extracted through the incision.
The first and second case were successful, and the operation time were 85 min and 165 min. The bleeding volume were 50 ml and 100 ml. The discharge time after operation was 3 days and 5 days, respectively. The third case was converted to open surgery because of the edema and adhesion of renal pedicle. At 3 weeks of follow-up, the incisions were hidden in the umbilicus with good cosmetic benefit.
This new method is technically feasible, which combined with these advantages of less trauma and more cosmetic benefit. However, more special instruments and long learning curving may be needed for those surgeons, who are going to carry out it.
Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery] 11/2009; 47(22):1709-11.
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ABSTRACT: Androgen withdrawal can prolong life in men with advanced prostate cancer, but these remissions are temporary because the surviving cells progress as hormone-refractory cancer. The mechanisms that are involved in the transition of androgen-dependent prostate cancer into androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) are not fully understood.
To identify globally differentially expressed phosphoproteins in the androgen-independent prostate, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of AIPC and to identify new molecular targets that can be used to develop treatments for the disease.
An androgen-independent LNCaP cell line, LNCaP-AI, was established using androgen ablation. Differentially expressed phosphoproteins in LNCaP cells and LNCaP-AI cells were enriched by immunoprecipitation, analyzed by 2D-PAGE and identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Total protein expression levels for two regulated proteins were confirmed by Western blot. Association network analysis was carried out using the STRING database.
The phosphorylation statuses of 17 proteins were significantly (P < 0.05) different between LNCaP-AI cells and LNCaP cells. Most proteins that were identified are known to be involved in tumor progression, and several of these proteins could be constructed into an association network. A further analysis by bioinformatics indicated that P53, HSP27, and the MAPK pathway may contribute to the transition from androgen-dependence to androgen-independence.
Blocking the MAPK signaling pathway may be useful in the treatment of AIPC.
The Prostate 11/2009; 70(5):508-17. · 3.48 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The diagnosis and treatment of hemospermia presents significant difficulty, especially if it persists or recurs. In this retrospective study, we assessed whether transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is feasible and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of hemospermia. To address this complex condition, we report our experience in a population of patients treated with transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy. From February 2006 to July 2008, 72 hemospermic patients underwent transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy examination and treatment at our urology center. Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy was performed by a 7-F or 8-F rigid ureteroscope. The endoscopic procedure was conducted through the normal anatomic route of the seminal tracts. In this series, the mean follow-up period was 21.7 months. Definite diagnosis was made for 93.1% patients, and 94.4% patients were cured or showed a decrease in their symptoms. Postoperative complications were not observed in the study. Our study proves that transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is effective in the diagnosis and treatment of hemospermia with minimal complication.
Asian Journal of Andrology 09/2009; 11(5):566-70. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We previously firstly discovered that CXCR4 nuclear localization may be responsible for metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and that there was a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) that induced CXCR4 to transfer to the nucleus after combining with its ligand SDF-1. Using our previously constructed pEGFP-CXCR4 as the template, corresponding objective regions were amplified. The amplified PCR products were then digested and inserted into the pMD19-T simple vector and subcloned into the pEGFP-N1 vector. A recombinant expression vector containing different regions of CXCR4 was successfully constructed. After transfecting the recombinant expression vectors to RCC A498 cells, the intracellular locations of recombinant protein were examined by confocal microscopy. It was found that nuclear localization sequence of CXCR4 was located in amino acids 90-170, which accorded with the results of bioinformatics analysis software. The present study firstly discovered the NLS region of CXCR4, which may prove valuable for seeking new strategies to inhibit metastasis of RCC.
Plasmid 09/2009; 63(1):68-72. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: There is currently no successful therapy for androgen-independent prostate cancer. Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound, has been shown to have an anti-proliferative effect on various tumors. We investigated the effect of UA on cell viability in the human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line DU145, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth inhibiting effect. We demonstrated that UA induces apoptosis and the activation of caspase-3 in DU145 cells. UA also causes the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but has no effect on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and p38 MAP kinases (p38). UA-induced JNK activation could result in Bcl-2 phosphorylation (Ser70) and degradation in DU145 cells, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms by which it induces apoptosis. Although further evaluation, such as in vivo testing, is clearly needed, the present results suggest the potential utility of UA as a novel therapeutic agent in advanced prostate cancer.
Biochimie 07/2009; 91(9):1173-9. · 3.02 Impact Factor
