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ABSTRACT: Vitamin D may reduce telomere shortening through anti-inflammatory and anti-cell proliferation mechanisms. In the present study, we examined the association between vitamin D and relative leukocyte telomere length by using both plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) biomarkers. Vitamin D biomarker levels and leukocyte telomere length were measured using plasma samples collected in 1989-1990 from participants of the Nurses' Health Study, a study of nurses from 11 US states. In total, 1,424 participants had their 25(OH)D levels assessed and 837 had their 1,25(OH)2D levels assessed. Genotyping was performed on 480 participants on 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D-related genes. Linear and logistic regression models were used. Higher 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with longer telomere length (P for trend = 0.05), and the odds ratio increased from 1.07 (P = 0.65) when comparing the second lowest quartile of 25(OH)D with the lowest to 1.59 (P = 0.01) when comparing the highest quartile with the lowest. Vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms and 1,25(OH)2D levels were not significantly associated with telomere length. Total calcium intake significantly modified the association between 25(OH)D and telomere length (P for interaction = 0.05). Higher plasma 25(OH)D levels may be associated with longer telomeres, and this association may be modified by calcium intake.
American journal of epidemiology 05/2013; · 5.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The incidences of malignant melanoma in situ (MMIS) and invasive malignant melanoma are rising in the United States, but few studies have examined risk factors for MMIS. We evaluated the risk of MMIS according to the host phenotype and the ultraviolet index of the state of residence. Prospective data were collected via biennial questionnaires from 250,151 women and men aged ≥20 years in the Nurses' Health Study (1980-2008), the Nurses' Health Study 2 (1989-2009), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2008). During 7,144,820 person-years of follow-up, 888 incident MMIS lesions occurred, representing 33% of all incident malignant melanoma. Meta-analysis across the cohorts demonstrated that the presence of multiple nevi on the extremities conferred the highest relative risk for MMIS (relative risk = 3.18, 95% confidence interval: 2.59, 3.90). Family history of melanoma, number of severe sunburns, sunburn susceptibility, hair color, and Fitzpatrick skin types I, II, and III were significantly associated with an increased risk of MMIS. Conversely, the ultraviolet index of the state of residence at birth, at age 15 years, and at age 30 years was not associated with increased risk of MMIS. Continued study of MMIS and associated risk factors will help identify persons who are most at risk and elucidate the role of MMIS within the spectrum of cutaneous melanoma.
American journal of epidemiology 04/2013; · 5.59 Impact Factor
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Mingfeng Zhang,
Fengju Song,
Liming Liang,
Hongmei Nan,
Jiangwen Zhang,
Hongliang Liu,
Li-E Wang,
Qingyi Wei,
Jeffrey E Lee,
Christopher I Amos,
Peter Kraft,
Abrar A Qureshi, Jiali Han
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ABSTRACT: Aiming to identify novel genetic loci for pigmentation and skin cancer, we conducted a series of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on hair color, eye color, number of sunburns, tanning ability and number of non-melanoma skin cancers among 10,183 European Americans in the discovery stage and 4,504 European Americans in the replication stage (for eye color, 3,871 males in the discovery stage and 2,496 males in the replication stage). We targeted novel chromosome regions besides the known ones for replication. As a result, we identified a new region downstream of EDNRB gene on 13q22 associated with hair color and the strongest association was the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs975739 (P=2.4×10(-14); P=5.4×10(-9) in the discovery set and P=1.2×10(-6) in the replication set). Using blue, intermediate (including green) and brown eye colors as co-dominant outcomes, we identified the SNP rs3002288 in VASH2 on 1q32.3 associated with brown eye (P=7.0×10(-8); P=5.3×10(-5) in the discovery set and P=0.02 in the replication set). Additionally, we identified a significant interaction between the SNPs rs7173419 and rs12913832 in OCA2 gene region on brown eye color (P for interaction=3.8×10(-3)). As for the number of non-melanoma skin cancers, we identified two independent SNPs on chr6 and one SNP on chromosome 14: rs12203592 in IRF4 (P=7.2×10(-14); P=1.8×10(-8) in the discovery set and P=6.7×10(-7) in the replication set), rs12202284 between IRF4 and EXOC2 (P=5.0×10(-8); P=6.6×10(-7) in the discovery set and P=3.0×10(-3) in the replication set), and rs8015138 upstream of GNG2 (P=6.6×10(-8); P=5.3×10(-7) in the discovery set and P=0.01 in the replication set).
Human Molecular Genetics 04/2013; · 7.64 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Previous studies suggest a positive association between history of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and risk of subsequent cancer at other sites. The purpose of this study is to prospectively examine the risk of primary cancer according to personal history of NMSC.
In two large US cohorts, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) and the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), we prospectively investigated this association in self-identified white men and women. In the HPFS, we followed 46,237 men from June 1986 to June 2008 (833,496 person-years). In the NHS, we followed 107,339 women from June 1984 to June 2008 (2,116,178 person-years). We documented 29,447 incident cancer cases other than NMSC. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A personal history of NMSC was significantly associated with a higher risk of other primary cancers excluding melanoma in men (RR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.05-1.18), and in women (RR = 1.20; 95% CI 1.15-1.25). Age-standardized absolute risk (AR) was 176 in men and 182 in women per 100,000 person-years. For individual cancer sites, after the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (n = 28), in men, a personal history of NMSC was significantly associated with an increased risk of melanoma (RR = 1.99, AR = 116 per 100,000 person-years). In women, a personal history of NMSC was significantly associated with an increased risk of breast (RR = 1.19, AR = 87 per 100,000 person-years), lung (RR = 1.32, AR = 22 per 100,000 person-years), and melanoma (RR = 2.58, AR = 79 per 100,000 person-years).
This prospective study found a modestly increased risk of subsequent malignancies among individuals with a history of NMSC, specifically breast and lung cancer in women and melanoma in both men and women. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
PLoS Medicine 04/2013; 10(4):e1001433. · 16.27 Impact Factor
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Xin Li,
Liming Liang,
Mingfeng Zhang,
Fengju Song,
Hongmei Nan,
Li-E Wang,
Qingyi Wei,
Jeffrey E Lee,
Christopher I Amos,
Abrar A Qureshi, Jiali Han
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ABSTRACT: Previous biological studies showed evidence of a genetic link between obesity and pigmentation in both animal models and humans. Our study investigated the individual and joint associations between obesity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and both human pigmentation and risk of melanoma. Eight obesity-related SNPs in the FTO, MAP2K5, NEGR1, FLJ35779, ETV5, CADM2, and NUDT3 genes were nominally significantly associated with hair color among 5,876 individuals of European ancestry. The genetic score combining 35 independent obesity-risk loci was significantly associated with darker hair color (beta-coefficient per ten alleles = 0.12, P value = 4 × 10(-5)). However, single SNPs or genetic scores showed non-significant association with tanning ability. We further examined the SNPs at the FTO locus for their associations with pigmentation and risk of melanoma. Among the 783 SNPs in the FTO gene with imputation R (2) quality metric >0.8 using the 1,000 genome data set, ten and three independent SNPs were significantly associated with hair color and tanning ability respectively. Moreover, five independent FTO SNPs showed nominally significant association with risk of melanoma in 1,804 cases and 1,026 controls. But none of them was associated with obesity or in linkage disequilibrium with obesity-related variants. FTO locus may confer variation in human pigmentation and risk of melanoma, which may be independent of its effect on obesity.
Human Genetics 03/2013; · 5.07 Impact Factor
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Mark M Iles,
Matthew H Law,
Simon N Stacey, Jiali Han,
Shenying Fang,
Ruth Pfeiffer,
Mark Harland,
Stuart Macgregor,
John C Taylor,
Katja K Aben, [......],
Diana Zelenika,
Mingfeng Zhang,
Maria Teresa Landi,
Gudmar Thorleifsson,
D Timothy Bishop,
Christopher I Amos,
Nicholas K Hayward,
Kari Stefansson,
Julia A Newton Bishop,
Jennifer H Barrett
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ABSTRACT: We report the results of an association study of melanoma that is based on the genome-wide imputation of the genotypes of 1,353 cases and 3,566 controls of European origin conducted by the GenoMEL consortium. This revealed an association between several SNPs in intron 8 of the FTO gene, including rs16953002, which replicated using 12,313 cases and 55,667 controls of European ancestry from Europe, the USA and Australia (combined P = 3.6 × 10-12, per-allele odds ratio for allele A = 1.16). In addition to identifying a new melanoma-susceptibility locus, this is to our knowledge the first study to identify and replicate an association with SNPs in FTO not related to body mass index (BMI). These SNPs are not in intron 1 (the BMI-related region) and exhibit no association with BMI. This suggests FTO's function may be broader than the existing paradigm that FTO variants influence multiple traits only through their associations with BMI and obesity.
Nature Genetics 03/2013; · 35.53 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Abstract Objective. Periodontal disease has been associated with systemic inflammation and may be a risk factor for autoimmune diseases. This study evaluated the association between periodontal disease and the risk of incident psoriasis in a large prospective cohort study. Material and methods. Self-reported history of periodontal bone loss, from 1998-2008, was evaluated as a risk factor for incident psoriasis among 60,457 women in the Nurses' Health Study. Secondary analyses examined associations between history of tooth loss and number of natural teeth and psoriasis risk. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess multivariate estimates, adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake and physical activity. Results. An increased multivariate risk of psoriasis was observed for those with mild periodontal bone loss (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03-1.75) and moderate-to-severe periodontal bone loss (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.08-2.05), as compared to those without periodontal bone loss, after adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity and tooth loss. Number of natural teeth and tooth loss were not associated with risk of psoriasis in this study. Conclusion. This study shows that a history of periodontal bone loss may increase risk of subsequent psoriasis. A limitation of this study is that it is based on self-reported measures.
Acta odontologica Scandinavica 02/2013; · 1.41 Impact Factor
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Jonathan Shoag,
Rizwan Haq,
Mingfeng Zhang,
Laura Liu,
Glenn C Rowe,
Aihua Jiang,
Nicole Koulisis,
Caitlin Farrel,
Christopher I Amos,
Qingyi Wei,
Jeffrey E Lee,
Jiangwen Zhang,
Thomas S Kupper,
Abrar A Qureshi,
Rutao Cui, Jiali Han,
David E Fisher,
Zoltan Arany
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ABSTRACT: The production of pigment by melanocytes tans the skin and protects against skin cancers. UV-exposed keratinocytes secrete α-MSH, which then activates melanin formation in melanocytes by inducing the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). We show that PPAR-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α and PGC-1β are critical components of this melanogenic system in melanocytes. α-MSH signaling strongly induces PGC-1α expression and stabilizes both PGC-1α and PGC-1β proteins. The PGC-1s in turn activate the MITF promoter, and their expression correlates strongly with that of MITF in human melanoma cell lines and biopsy specimens. Inhibition of PGC-1α and PGC-1β blocks the α-MSH-mediated induction of MITF and melanogenic genes. Conversely, overexpression of PGC-1α induces pigment formation in cell culture and transgenic animals. Finally, polymorphism studies reveal expression quantitative trait loci in the PGC-1β gene that correlate with tanning ability and protection from melanoma in humans. These data identify PGC-1 coactivators as regulators of human tanning.
Molecular cell 11/2012; · 14.61 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The association between smoking and the risk of skin cancer has not been well established. METHODS: In two large cohorts in the USA, we prospectively examined the risks of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among participants grouped according to smoking variables. RESULTS: Among men, compared with never smokers, ever smokers had a significantly lower risk of melanoma [relative risk (RR) = 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58-0.86]; those who smoked for ≥30 years had an RR of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.48-0.89) (P(trend) = 0.003); those who smoked ≥15 cigarettes per day had an RR of 0.32 (95% CI: 0.13-0.78) (P(trend) = 0.006) and those who smoked for > 45 pack years had an RR of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45-0.97) (P(trend) = 0.03). Ever smokers also had a slightly lower risk of BCC (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98). There was no significant association for SCC (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.89-1.12). In women, no significant association was found for melanoma (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.83-1.10). Compared with never smokers, ever smokers had a slightly higher risk of BCC (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.08) and a higher risk of SCC (RR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.08-1.31). A significant inverse association between smoking and melanoma was limited to the head and neck (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was inversely associated with melanoma risk, especially on the head and neck. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanism(s).
International Journal of Epidemiology 10/2012; · 6.41 Impact Factor
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Journal of Investigative Dermatology 08/2012; · 6.31 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To examine the association between total physical activity, walking, and vigorous exercise and the incidence of psoriasis in women.
Cohort study.
The Nurses' Health Study II, a cohort of 116,430 women aged 27 to 44 years in 1991.
The study population included 86,655 US female nurses who reported whether they had ever been diagnosed as having psoriasis and who completed detailed physical activity questionnaires in 1991, 1997, and 2001. We excluded participants with a history of psoriasis prior to 1991.
Risk of psoriasis by quintile of physical activity as measured by a metabolic equivalent task score.
We documented 1026 incident psoriasis cases during 1,195,703 person-years of follow-up (14 years, 1991-2005). After adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol use, increasing physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of psoriasis. The most physically active quintile of women had a lower multivariate relative risk (RR) of psoriasis (0.72 [95% CI, 0.59-0.89; P < .001 for trend]) compared with the least active quintile. Vigorous physical activity (≥6 metabolic equivalents) was associated with a reduced risk of psoriasis (multivariate RR for the highest quintile, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54-0.81; P < .001 for trend]); this association remained significant after adjusting for body mass index (RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.60-0.90; P = .009 for trend]). Walking was not associated with psoriasis risk. In a subset of 550 confirmed psoriasis cases, we observed a similarly reduced risk of psoriasis associated with vigorous physical activity (multivariate RR for the highest quintile, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.48-0.86; P = .03 for trend]).
In this study of US women, vigorous physical activity is independently associated with a reduced risk of incident psoriasis.
Archives of dermatology 08/2012; 148(8):918-24. · 4.76 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become a widely used approach for genetic association studies of various human traits. A few GWAS have been conducted with the goal of identifying novel loci for pigmentation traits, melanoma, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Nevertheless, the phenotype variation explained by the genetic markers identified so far is limited. In this review, we discuss the GWAS study design and its application in pigmentation and skin cancer research. Furthermore, we summarize recent developments in post-GWAS activities such as meta-analysis, pathway analysis, and risk prediction.
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research 07/2012; 25(5):612-7. · 5.06 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Studies in animals suggest that caffeine administration helps prevent squamous cell skin cancer development, but there have been limited epidemiologic studies on the association between caffeine consumption and skin cancer risk. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we prospectively examined risks of basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 22,786 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 1,953 cases), and melanoma (741 cases) in relation to caffeine intake. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The amount of caffeine intake from all dietary sources was inversely associated with BCC risk. Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile had the lowest risk (RR, 0.82 in women; 95% CI:,0.77-0.86 and RR, 0.87 in men; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94; Ptrend<0.0001 in both). A significant inverse association was also found between caffeinated coffee consumption and BCC risk. Compared with individuals who consumed caffeinated coffee less than 1 cup per month, women who consumed more than 3 cups/d had the lowest risk (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74-0.85; Ptrend<0.0001) and the RR for men was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.80-1.01; Ptrend=0.003). Caffeine from other dietary sources (tea, cola, and chocolate) was also inversely associated with BCC risk. Decaffeinated coffee consumption was not associated with a similar decrease in BCC risk. In contrast, caffeine intake was not found to be inversely associated with risks of SCC or melanoma. Our findings argue that caffeine intake in men and women is inversely associated with risk of BCC.
Cancer Research 07/2012; 72(13):3282-9. · 7.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Both overall and central obesity have been associated with the risk of psoriasis in a prospective study. Data on the association between obesity and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been sparse and no evidence on obesity measures and the risk of incident PsA is available now. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and the risk of incident PsA in a large cohort of women.
89,049 participants were included from the Nurses Health Study II over a 14-year period (1991-2005). Information on body mass index (BMI), weight change and measures of central obesity (waist circumference, hip circumference and waist-hip ratio) was collected during the follow-up. The incidence of clinician-diagnosed PsA was ascertained and confirmed by supplementary questionnaires.
146 incident PsA cases were identified during 1,231,693 person-years of follow-up. Among all participants, BMI was monotonically associated with an increased risk of incident PsA. Compared with BMI less than 25.0, the RR was 1.83 for BMI 25.0-29.9 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.89), 3.12 for BMI 30.0-34.9 (95% CI 1.90 to 5.11) and 6.46 for BMI over 35.0 (95% CI 4.11 to 10.16). There was a graded positive association between weight change from age 18 years, measures of central obesity and risk of PsA (p for trend <0.001). The analysis among participants developing psoriasis during follow-up revealed a similar association (p for trend <0.01), indicating an increased risk of PsA associated with obesity among patients with psoriasis.
This study provides further evidence linking obesity with the risk of incident PsA among US women.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases 05/2012; 71(8):1267-72. · 8.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Limited information is available on the potential link between obesity and either melanoma or non-melanoma skin cancers.
To conduct a prospective study to examine the association between obesity and the risk of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers.
Using pooled data from two large national cohorts in the US, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), we prospectively examined the incidence of melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) among participants grouped according to body mass index (BMI).
Compared to participants with an updated BMI in the normal range, those with a BMI in the obese range had a 32 % lower risk of developing SCC, and those with a BMI in the morbidly obese category had a 37 % lower risk of developing SCC. The decrease in SCC risk was limited to women. Compared to participants with a BMI in the normal range, those with a BMI in the obese range had a 19 % lower risk of developing BCC, and those with a BMI in the morbidly obese category had a 29 % lower risk of developing BCC. The risk of developing melanoma did not statistically differ by BMI grouping. The results were similar using BMI measurements obtained 10 years prior to the diagnosis of skin cancer.
Obesity appears to be inversely associated with the development of non-melanoma skin cancers. Obesity is most likely a surrogate marker for lack of chronic sun exposure, which is a risk factor for non-melanoma skin cancers.
Cancer Causes and Control 03/2012; 23(5):717-26. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: DNA repair pathway genes play an important role in maintaining genomic integrity and protecting against cancer development. This study aimed to identify novel SNPs in the DNA repair-related genes associated with melanoma risk from a genome-wide association study (GWAS).
A total of 8422 SNPs from the 165 DNA repair-related genes were extracted from a GWAS of melanoma risk, including 494 cases and 5628 controls from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS). We further replicated the top SNPs in a GWAS of melanoma risk from the MD Anderson Cancer Center (1804 cases and 1026 controls).
A total of 3 SNPs with P value <0.001 were selected for in silico replication. One SNP was replicated: rs3902093 [A] in EXO1 promoter region (P(discovery)=6.6 × 10⁻⁴, P(replication)=0.039, P(joint)=2.5 × 10⁻⁴; OR(joint)=0.80, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.90). This SNP was associated with the expression of the EXO1; carriers of the A allele showed lower expression (P=0.002).
Our study found that a promoter region SNP in the editing and processing nucleases gene EXO1 was associated with decreased expression of EXO1 and decreased melanoma risk. Further studies are warranted to validate this association and to investigate the potential mechanisms.
DNA repair 03/2012; 11(3):304-9. · 4.20 Impact Factor
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Archives of dermatology 03/2012; 148(3):395-7. · 4.76 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a potential indicator of cellular aging; however, its relation to physical activity and sedentary behavior is unclear. The authors examined cross-sectionally associations among activity, sedentary behavior, and LTL among 7,813 women aged 43-70 years in the Nurses' Health Study. Participants self-reported activity by questionnaire in 1988 and 1992 and sedentary behavior in 1992. Telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes, collected in 1989-1990, was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The least-squares mean telomere length (z-score) was calculated after adjustment for age and other potential confounders. For total activity, moderately or highly active women had a 0.07-standard deviation (SD) increase in LTL (2-sided P(trend) = 0.02) compared with those least active. Greater moderate- or vigorous-intensity activity was also associated with increased LTL (SD = 0.11 for 2-4 vs. <1 hour/week and 0.04 for ≥7 vs. <1 hour/week; 2-sided P(trend) = 0.02). Specifically, calisthenics or aerobics was associated with increased LTL (SD = 0.10 for ≥2.5 vs. 0 hours/week; 2-sided P(trend) = 0.04). Associations remained after adjustment for body mass index. Other specific activities and sitting were unassociated with LTL. Although associations were modest, these findings suggest that even moderate amounts of activity may be associated with longer telomeres, warranting further investigation in large prospective studies.
American journal of epidemiology 03/2012; 175(5):414-22. · 5.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors evaluated the association between smoking and the incidence of psoriasis among 185,836 participants from a cohort of older women (the Nurses' Health Study, 1996-2008), a cohort of younger women (the Nurses' Health Study II, 1991-2005), and a cohort of men (Health Professionals' Follow-up Study, 1986-2006). Information on smoking was collected biennially during follow-up. The authors identified a total of 2,410 participants with incident psoriasis. Compared with never smokers, past smokers had a relative risk of incident psoriasis of 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 1.52) and current smokers had a relative risk of 1.94 (95% CI: 1.64, 2.28). For current smokers who smoked 1-14 cigarettes/day, the relative risk was 1.81 (95% CI: 1.38, 2.36); for those who smoked 15-24 cigarettes/day, the relative risk was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.68, 2.47); and for those who smoked 25 or more cigarettes/day, the relative risk was 2.29 (95% CI: 1.74, 3.01). There was a trend toward an increased risk of psoriasis with increasing pack-years or duration of smoking (P(trend) < 0.0001). The risk was highest among smokers who had 65 or more pack-years of smoking (relative risk = 2.72, 95% CI: 2.05, 3.60) and among those with a smoking duration of 30 or more years (relative risk = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.75, 2.25). The authors observed a graded reduction of risk with an increase in time since smoking cessation (P(trend) <0.0001). In this study, smoking was found to be an independent risk factor for psoriasis in both women and men. Psoriasis risk was particularly augmented for heavy smokers and persons with longer durations of smoking.
American journal of epidemiology 03/2012; 175(5):402-13. · 5.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We sought to evaluate the risk effect of tanning bed use on skin cancers among teenage and young adults. We also expected to determine whether a dose-response relationship was evident.
We observed 73,494 female nurses for 20 years (from 1989 to 2009) in a large and well-characterized cohort in the United States and investigated whether frequency of tanning bed use during high school/college and at ages 25 to 35 years were associated with a risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. We used Cox proportional hazards models and carefully adjusted for host risk factors, ultraviolet index of residence, and sun exposure behaviors at a young age.
During follow-up, 5,506 nurses were diagnosed with BCC, 403 with SCC, and 349 with melanoma. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of skin cancer for an incremental increase in use of tanning beds of four times per year during both periods was 1.15 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.19; P < .001) for BCC, 1.15 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.31; P = .03) for SCC, and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.27; P = .13) for melanoma. Compared with tanning bed use at ages 25 to 35 years, we found a significantly higher risk of BCC for use during high school/college (multivariable-adjusted HR for use more than six times per year compared with no use was 1.73 during high school/college v 1.28 at ages 25 to 35 years; P for heterogeneity < .001).
Our data provide evidence for a dose-response relationship between tanning bed use and the risk of skin cancers, especially BCC, and the association is stronger for patients with a younger age at exposure.
Journal of Clinical Oncology 02/2012; 30(14):1588-93. · 18.37 Impact Factor
