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ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on rat kidney cortex histology. Oral exposure
of rats to 2,4-D for 28days resulted in decreases in body weight gain and kidney weight. Histological examination showed
degeneration in renal corpuscles and podocytes; vacuolization in the glomerulus with disintegration of the basal membrane;
tissue edema; vacuolization, cystic dilation and invagination of the basal laminae in the tubular structures; dilation and
congestion in renal corpuscular vessels and marked decrease in glomerular and stromal fibronectin reaction; suggesting that
subacute 2,4-D administration induces dose-dependent histopathological degenerative effects in rat kidney cortex.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 04/2012; 82(6):749-755. · 1.02 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cortical dysplasia is a cortical malformation resulting from any developmental defects during different periods of development. This study aims to investigate the hippocampal histopathological alterations in the neonates with cortical dysplasia due to the prenatal exposure to carmustine (1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea; BCNU) and the possible effects of prophylaxis with melatonin, a neuroprotective agent.
Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups; control, melatonin-treated, BCNU-exposed and BCNU-exposed+melatonin-treated. Light microscopy and immunohistochemistry were carried out on the newborn hippocampus.
Histopathology of hippocampus from the control and melatonin-treated groups showed continuity of migration and maturation as pathognomonic signs of the normal newborn hippocampus. Hippocampal cortex from the newborns exposed in utero to BCNU showed the histology of early embryonic hippocampal formation with immunohistochemical increase in the number of nestin positive cells and decreases in the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin. These findings indicate a significant delay in hippocampal maturation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Intrauterine treatment of BCNU-exposed rats with melatonin resulted in histopathological features almost similar to control group.
It has been concluded that cortical dysplasia induced by intrauterine BCNU administration results in delayed hippocampal maturation, which is successfully restored by intrauterine melatonin treatment.
Child s Nervous System 05/2010; 26(11):1575-81. · 1.54 Impact Factor
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Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology 10/2009; 31(5):354-62. · 0.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study investigated the possible effects of a commonly used foliar herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) formulation on medulla spinalis of lebistes. Fish were exposed to 2,4-D (15, 30, 45 mg L(-1)), behavioral changes were monitored. Fish were fixed, histopathological examination was carried out on sections taken from the upper parts of the fish body. Histopathology showed increase in neuronal loss, swelling indicating formation of intracellular edema, vacuolization noticed as the formation of vacuoles within or adjacent to cells, deformation in the Nissl granules, pyknosis and gliosis in medulla spinalis. Behavioral changes were decreased general activity, grouping, shortness in breath, sudden rotations and jumping, loss of equilibrium and colour. In conclusion, this commercial formulation of 2,4-D is considerably neurotoxic to lebistes. Fish constitute the last link in the chain of the feeding cycle in aquatic eco-system, number of studies investigating acute and chronic neurotoxicity of various herbicides in fish should be increased.
Chemosphere 08/2009; 76(10):1386-91. · 3.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cortical dysplasia is a malformation characterized by defects in proliferation, migration and maturation. This study was designed to evaluate the alterations in offspring rat cerebellum induced by maternal exposure to carmustine-[1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosoure] (BCNU) and to investigate the effects of exogenous melatonin upon cerebellar BCNU-induced cortical dysplasia, using histological and biochemical analyses. Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to five groups: intact-control, saline-control, melatonin-treated, BCNU-exposed and BCNU-exposed plus melatonin. Rats were exposed to BCNU on embryonic day 15 and melatonin was given until delivery. Immuno/histochemistry and electron microscopy were carried out on the offspring cerebellum, and levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were determined. Histopathologically, typical findings were observed in the cerebella from the control groups, but the findings consistent with early embryonic development were noted in BCNU-exposed cortical dysplasia group. There was a marked increase in the number of TUNEL positive cells and nestin positive cells in BCNU-exposed group, but a decreased immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin and transforming growth factor beta1 was observed, indicating a delayed maturation, and melatonin significantly reversed these changes. Malondialdehyde level in BCNU-exposed group was higher than those in control groups and melatonin decreased malondialdehyde levels in BCNU group (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in the superoxide dismutase levels between these groups. These data suggest that exposure of animals to BCNU during pregnancy leads to delayed maturation of offspring cerebellum and melatonin protects the cerebellum against the effects of BCNU.
Brain Research 08/2007; 1160:134-44. · 2.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate structural alterations in rat endometrium at preimplantation following treatment with aspirin beginning from proestrus by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques.
Twenty rats were divided into control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10) groups. Experimental rats were treated with low-dose aspirin daily (2 mg/kg/day) during estrus, beginning from the proestrus phase, mated at end of cycle and treated with aspirin. Untreated pregnant rats were the control group. Rats in both groups were sacrificed at the 84th pregnancy hour; the uterus was rapidly removed and dissected free of surrounding adipose tissue. Uteri specimens from nonpregnant rats were transferred into fixative solution and processed for light, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study.
Light and electron microscopy of endometrium from control rats conformed to mid-diestrus phase; endometrial histology of the aspirin-treated group conformed to late diestrus phase. The endometrial layer was significantly thicker in the aspirin-treated group compared to the untreated control group (p <0.001). No significant difference was found in vessel number between groups. Staining with alphaV integrin was more dense in the aspirin-treated group.
Based on histologic findings, we suggest low-dose aspirin has positive effects on preparing endometrium before implantation.
Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology / the International Academy of Cytology [and] American Society of Cytology 05/2007; 29(2):95-102. · 0.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In clinical practice, maternal epilepsy is a disabling disease for newborn infants, but current data concerning the effect of epileptic phenomena in pregnant mothers on newborns are still limited. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pinealectomy (Px) and melatonin treatments on the morphological changes in the liver tissue of newborn rats following experimental epilepsy during pregnancy.
Female Swiss Albino rats were divided into five groups: intact control group; saline control group; epilepsy group; epilepsy plus Px group; and melatonin-treated epilepsy plus Px group. At one month after Px, an acute grand mal epileptic seizure was induced by penicillin-G during their pregnancy in all animals except the control groups. On the neonatal first day, newborn rats were perfused with intracardiac fixative solution, and then livers were removed and processed for toluidine blue, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) reactivity.
Normal migration and hepatic maturation were determined in the postnatal rat liver in the control groups, while the morphological structure of the liver in the epilepsy and epilepsy plus Px groups corresponded to the early embryonic period. In the melatonin-treated epilepsy plus Px group, the number of TUNEL positive cells decreased significantly compared to both epilepsy and epilepsy plus Px groups; however, there was no statistically significant difference from the control groups as a result of melatonin activity.
Some histological findings consistent with chronic fetal distress in newborns of mother rats with epilepsy and Px were observed. Melatonin could be a candidate protective drug for the development of liver tissue in pregnant patients with epilepsy.
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 05/2007; 22(4):585-91. · 2.87 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Epilepsy during the pregnancy is an important problem in clinical practice for newborn individuals. Recently, it has been demonstrated that mothers' epileptic seizures have some harmful effects on newborns, but present data concerning the effects of epileptic phenomena in pregnant mothers on newborn pups are still limited. The current study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes in the hippocampus of newborn pups of pinealectomized rats subjected to experimental epilepsy during pregnancy.
In this study, rats were randomly divided into four groups (ten animals each): intact control group, epilepsy control group, surgical pinealectomy + epilepsy group, and group with melatonin treatment following pinealectomy procedure. The animals in surgical pinealectomy + epilepsy and melatonin treatment groups underwent a surgical intervention consisting of pineal gland removal. At 1 month after surgical pinealectomy, an acute grand mal epileptic seizure was induced by 400 IU penicillin G administration into their hippocampal CA3 region on the 13th day of their pregnancy in all animals except the intact control animals. On the first neonatal day, the hippocampi were removed and processed for microscopic examination. Nestin expression was analysed in the developing hippocampal tissue.
Normal migration and hippocampal maturation were determined in the postnatal rat hippocampus in intact control group, but the morphological structure of the hippocampus in the epilepsy control group corresponded to the early embryonal period. It was found that experimental epilepsy and pinealectomy enhanced nestin immunoreactivity, whereas exogenous melatonin treatment (30 mug/100 g body weight, intraperitoneal) inhibited pinealectomy-stimulated nestin expression in CA1 region of the hippocampus.
These findings suggest that epileptic seizures during pregnancy may cause an impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and neuronal maturation in the newborn, and the negative effects in the postnatal rat hippocampus are more dramatic after pinealectomy of the mother; conversely, melatonin administration suppresses these negative changes. This is the first report investigating the effects of maternal epilepsy during pregnancy in pinealectomized rats on nestin immunoexpression in the newborn rat hippocampus.
Child s Nervous System 06/2006; 22(5):481-8. · 1.54 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Although it has been demonstrated that maternal epilepsy has some harmful effects on newborn individuals, current data concerning the effects of epileptic phenomena in pregnant mothers on newborn pups are still limited. This study was undertaken to investigate the changes in the cerebellum of newborns of pinealectomized rats subjected to experimental epilepsy during pregnancy. In our study, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: intact control group, anesthesia control group, epilepsy group, melatonin-treated epileptic group, surgical pinealectomy group, and group of melatonin treatment following pinealectomy procedure. At 1 month after pinealectomy, an acute grand mal epileptic seizure was induced by 400 IU penicillin-G administration into their intrahippocampal CA3 region during the 13th day of their pregnancy in all animals except intact control group. On the neonatal first day, pups were perfused transcardially and the cerebellums removed were processed for light microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. Normal migration and maturation were determined in the postnatal rat cerebellum in both intact control and anesthesia (ketamine-xylazine) control groups, but the morphological structure of cerebellum in the epilepsy control group corresponded to the early embryonal period. It was found that experimental epilepsy or pinealectomy procedure enhanced nestin immunoreactivity, but exogenous melatonin treatment (30 microg/100 g body weight, i.p.) following pinealectomy inhibited increased nestin expression induced by melatonin deprival in vermis region of newborn rat cerebellum (P < 0.001). Our results confirm that epileptic seizures during pregnancy may impair neurogenesis and neuronal maturation in newborns, which are more dramatic in the presence of melatonin deficiency during pregnancy, explaining more harmful effects of epileptic seizures to embryos of aged mothers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the effects of maternal epilepsy during pregnancy in pinealectomized rats on nestin immunoexpression in the newborn rat cerebellum.
Developmental Brain Research 11/2005; 159(2):79-86. · 1.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The preservatives benzalkonium chloride (BZC) and potassium sorbate (PS) are widely used in the formulation of nasal drops and cosmetics. Recently, a number of side effects that resulted from mucosal irritation caused by BZC and PS have been reported. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the possible clinical and histological alterations induced by in vivo administration of these preservatives to the nasal mucosa of rats. 0.01% BZC and 0.12% PS were administered to the nostrils of male rats for 1 or 4 weeks. Clinical symptoms were recorded during the treatment, and light and electron microscopic examinations were carried out on samples taken from one third central and lower regions of the noses at the end of the treatment periods. Symptomatic changes such as sneezing and nasal rubbing were observed in almost all groups, starting from the 6th day of administration. Light and electron microscopy showed histological changes and nasal lesions induced by the preservatives. The symptomatic and histological changes were more pronounced with prolonged duration of administration. Therefore, it has been concluded that in vivo administration of the preservatives BZC and PS may be irritant to the respiratory epithelium of rats.
Pharmacology 11/2004; 72(2):113-20. · 1.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The central administration of somatostatin (SMS) in humans became a subject of controversy on the issue of potential neurotoxicity on the spinal cord. The study was aimed at the assessment of the neurodegenerative effects of chronic epidural SMS administration in rabbits. Rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups: the SMS and the control group. The SMS group received 100 ?g SMS and the control group received isotonic saline by epidural catheter for 15 consecutive days. Then, laminectomy was performed and the spinal cord was removed. Light and electron microscopic examinations were performed. In the control group, a mild dural inflammatory response and in the SMS group, loss of Nissl bodies at the pericarion, chromatolysis and shrinking at nucleus membranes were observed in all animals at different degrees in light microscopy. In electron microscopy, mitochondrial swellings, irregularities in both nucleus and cell membrane, splitting at myelin lamellae, degeneration at myelin sheath and shrinking of axolemma were found in the SMS group. Our results showed the neurotoxic effects of chronic administration of SMS in rabbits both in light and electron microscopy even in a quite low doses. However, there were no significant clinical findings for the neurological effects during long term follow up.
The Pain Clinic 07/2002; 14(2):113-120.
