Publications (5)77.06 Total impact
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Article: Effect of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on Staphylococcus aureus colonisation in a randomised controlled trial.
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ABSTRACT: Heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) shifts nasopharyngeal colonisation with vaccine serotype pneumococci towards nonvaccine serotypes. Because of the reported negative association of vaccine serotype pneumococci and Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx, we explored the effect of PCV7 on nasopharyngeal colonisation with S. aureus in children and parents. This study was part of a randomised controlled trial on the effect of PCV7 on pneumococcal carriage, enrolling healthy newborns who were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive PCV7 (1) at 2 and 4 months of age (2) at 2, 4 and 11 months or (3) no PCV7 (controls). Nasopharyngeal colonisation of S. aureus was a planned secondary outcome. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all children over a 2-year period with 6-months interval and from one parent at the child's age of 12 and 24 months and cultured for Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. aureus. Between July 2005 and February 2006, 1005 children were enrolled and received either 2-doses of PCV7 (n = 336), 2+1-doses (336) or no dose (n = 333) before PCV7 implementation in the Dutch national immunization program. S. aureus colonisation had doubled in children in the 2+1-dose group at 12 months of age compared with unvaccinated controls (10.1% versus 5.0%; p = 0.019). A negative association for co-colonisation of S. pneumoniae and S. aureus was observed for both vaccine serotype (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.74) and nonvaccine serotype pneumococci (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52-0.88). PCV7 induces a temporary increase in S. aureus colonisation in children around 12 months of age after a 2+1-dose PCV7 schedule. The potential clinical consequences are unknown and monitoring is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00189020.PLoS ONE 01/2011; 6(6):e20229. · 4.09 Impact Factor -
Article: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and nasopharyngeal acquisition of pneumococcal serotype 19A strains.
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ABSTRACT: The rapid increase in multiresistant serotype 19A as a cause of invasive and respiratory pneumococcal disease has been associated in time with the widespread implementation of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV-7) in several countries. Because spontaneous fluctuations in time and antibiotic selective pressure may have induced this serotype 19A increase, controlled studies are needed to assess the role of PCV-7. To examine the association of PCV-7 vaccination and nasopharyngeal acquisition of serotype 19A pneumococci, their clonal distribution, and antibiotic susceptibility. Post hoc per-protocol completer's analysis as part of a randomized controlled trial of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage enrolling 1003 healthy newborns with follow-up to the age of 24 months in The Netherlands, which has low antibiotic resistance rates. The study was conducted before widespread PCV-7 implementation in infants, between July 7, 2005, and February 14, 2008. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained at the age of 6 weeks and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Infants were randomly assigned to receive 2 doses of PCV-7 at 2 and 4 months; 2 + 1 doses of PCV-7 at 2, 4, and 11 months; or no dosage (unvaccinated control group). Cumulative proportion of children with nasopharyngeal acquisition of a new serotype 19A strain from 6 through 24 months of age. Nine hundred forty-eight children completed the study. Fifty-four nasopharyngeal serotype 19A carriage isolates from 318 in the 2-dose group, 66 isolates from 327 in the 2 + 1-dose group, and 33 isolates from 303 in the unvaccinated were collected from 6 weeks through 24 months. The cumulative proportion who tested positive for new nasopharyngeal serotype 19A acquisition from 6 through 24 months of age was significantly higher in those having received the 2 + 1-dose PCV-7 schedule (16.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6%-20.6%) vs those who were unvaccinated (9.2%; 95% CI, 6.5%-13.0%; relative risk [RR], 1.75; 95% CI, 1.14-2.70) but not after a 2-dose schedule (13.2%; 95% CI, 9.9%-17.4%; RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.91-2.25). There were 28 different sequence types identified, including 6 new types. The proportion of children with new 19A acquisition who had used antibiotics in the last 6 months (18.7%) did not differ among groups. Five isolates were penicillin-intermediate susceptible and another 3 were nonsusceptible to erythromycin and azithromycin, all in the vaccine groups. A 2 + 1-dose PCV-7 schedule was associated with an increase in serotype 19A nasopharyngeal acquisition compared with unvaccinated controls. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00189020.JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association 09/2010; 304(10):1099-106. · 30.03 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparability of antibody response to a booster dose of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants primed with either 2 or 3 doses.
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ABSTRACT: In this cohort study we compared IgG antibody levels between infants immunized with 7-valent CRM197-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PCV-7) at 2, 4 and 11 months and at 2, 3, 4 and 11 months of age, as measured by double adsorption ELISA. Pre- and post-booster levels following the 2+1- and 3+1-dose schedule were comparable for 5 out of 7 serotypes except for serotypes 6B and 19F. The proportion of children reaching post-booster antibody thresholds were comparable except for 6B (>or=1.0 microg/ml and >or=5.0 microg/ml) and 19F (>or=5.0 microg/ml). Surveillance studies are warranted for vaccine impact on 6B and 19F disease cases after reduced-dose PCV-7 schedules.Vaccine 11/2009; 28(5):1391-6. · 3.77 Impact Factor -
Article: Invasive pneumococcal disease among adults: associations among serotypes, disease characteristics, and outcome.
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ABSTRACT: The Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide capsule may be related to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) course. We performed a retrospective cohort study with nationally representative surveillance data from 1075 hospitalized patients with IPD from the Netherlands from 1 June 2004 through 31 May 2006 in the prevaccination era. Serotypes were grouped according to invasive disease potential, rate of the most serious clinical syndromes of meningitis and bacteremia without focus, and case-fatality rates. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios adjusted for baseline confounders for the association of serotypes and these outcomes, using the serotypes with the lowest rates as reference. IPD caused by serogroups with low invasive disease potential concerned meningitis or bacteremia without focus in 22% of cases, and 74% of patients had an underlying comorbidity. For highly invasive serogroups these figures were 10% (P < .01) and 56% (P < .01). Individual serotypes varied in the relative rate by which they caused meningitis or bacteremia without focus. Compared with the reference group composed of serotypes 1, 5, 7F, 15B, 20, and 33F, the group of serotypes 3, 19F, 23A, 16F, 6B, 9N, and 18C was associated with increased case-fatality rates (group adjusted odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.7). The serotype appeared to be independently associated with IPD severity in adults, which indicates that careful monitoring of IPD after implementation of conjugate vaccines is necessary.Clinical Infectious Diseases 08/2009; 49(2):e23-9. · 9.15 Impact Factor -
Article: Effect of reduced-dose schedules with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in children: a randomized controlled trial.
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ABSTRACT: The effects of reduced-dose schedules of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) on pneumococcal carriage in children are largely unknown, although highly relevant in the context of subsequent herd effects. To examine the effects of a 2-dose and 2 + 1-dose PCV-7 schedule on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in young children compared with controls. A randomized controlled trial of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae enrolling 1003 healthy newborns and 1 of their parents in a general community in The Netherlands, with follow-up to age 24 months and conducted between July 7, 2005, and February 14, 2008. Infants were randomly assigned to receive 2 doses of PCV-7 at 2 and 4 months; 2 + 1 doses of PCV-7 at 2, 4, and 11 months; or no dosage (control group). Vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage rates in infants in the second year of life. At 12 months, vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage was significantly decreased after both PCV-7 schedules, with vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage rates of 25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20%-30%) and 20% (95% CI, 16%-25%) in the 2-dose and 2 + 1-dose schedule groups, respectively, vs 38% (95% CI, 33%-44%) in the control group (both P < .001). At 18 months, in the 2 + 1-dose schedule group, vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage had further decreased to 16% (95% CI, 12%-20%) and, at 24 months, to 14% (95% CI, 11%-18%; both P < .001); whereas in the 2-dose schedule group, vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage had remained stable at 18 months (24%; 95% CI, 20%-29%), but at 24 months had further decreased to 15% (95% CI, 11%-19%; both P < .001). In the control group, vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage remained around 36% to 38% until 24 months. Compared with no pneumococcal vaccination, a 2 + 1-dose and 2-dose schedule of PCV-7 resulted in significant reductions of vaccine serotype pneumococcal carriage in the second year of life. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00189020.JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association 08/2009; 302(2):159-67. · 30.03 Impact Factor
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Institutions
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2009–2011
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Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht
Utrecht, Provincie Utrecht, Netherlands
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