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ABSTRACT: Introduction: Adiponectin and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) play a role in glucose metabolism. Hyperthyroidism has an impact on carbohydrate metabolism and could affect insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between insulin resistance, adiponectin and SHBG among hyperthyroid Graves` disease (GD) women. Material and methods: The study was undertaken in 60 women with hyperthyroidism in the course of GD; 32 healthy women matched by BMI and age formed the control group. The concentrations of: free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), SHBG, insulin, adiponectin and glucose were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-I) was calculated. Results: Compared to euthyroid subjects, hyperthyroid GD women had elevated glucose, fT4, fT3, adiponectin and SHBG concentrations, but there were no differences in HOMA-I. When we explored the relations between adiponectin as well as SHBG with glucose and HOMA-I, we observed that HOMA-I was associated with adiponectin and SHBG only in the control group, and in hyperthyroidism there were no such connections. We found positive associations between adiponectin, SHBG, fT4 and fT3 in the GD group. Conclusions: Elevated concentrations of adiponectin and SHBG were observed in hyperthyroidism but they were not related to insulin resistance.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2013; 64(1):26-9. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Introduction: Stroke, due to its worldwide prevalence, is not only a medical challenge, but also a serious social problem. Recently, ongoing research has examined whether there are associations between adipose tissue hormones and the risk, mechanisms and course of stroke. The aim of our study was to determine whether there are significant differences in blood concentrations of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, resistin and in insulin resistance among patients in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke, compared to healthy subjects. In addition, we wanted to investigate if those biochemical values show a correlation with the neurological condition of our patients. Material and methods: Adiponectin, leptin, resistin and insulin were measured in patients (n = 69) with first-ever ischaemic stroke (confirmed by CT), using specific electrochemoluminescence, radioimmunoassay and ELISA methods. Neurological evaluation was performed using Barthel ADL index on the day of admission and on the ninth day of hospitalisation. Insulin resistance value was obtained via the HOMA-IR calculator. Data was compared to that of healthy individuals (n = 26). Results: Insulin concentration (51.08 v. 17.02 uU/mL) and HOMA-IR value (6.3 v. 2.2) were significantly higher in the study group. Leptin (14.98 v. 10.47 ng/mL) and resistin (28.92 v. 12.25 ng/mL) levels were elevated among the stroke survivors compared to controls, but no significant difference was noted in adiponectin. Negative correlations of adiponectin level and Barthel score were observed. Conclusions: Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance are involved in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Hyperleptinaemia and hyperresistinaemia play a role in the mechanism of stroke. The severity of stroke is associated with adiponectin blood concentration. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (5): 338-345).
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2012; 63(5):338-45. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Introduction: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs) are a heterogenous group of tumours of various clinical presentations. Proliferative activity of tumour cells is an essential parameter determining the course of the disease and affecting the prognosis. The Ki-67 antigen is an important marker of cell proliferation, which shows activity in all the phases of the cell cycle, excluding the G0 phase. Aim of the study: To assess the expression of Ki-67 in GEP NETs and to examine the association of Ki-67 with the stage of the tumour (tumour size, presence of metastases) and the hormonal function of the tumour. Material and methods: We included 61 patients with GEP NETs (25 males and 36 females aged between 20 and 82 years [mean age: 56 years]). The proliferative activity was examined in paraffin blocks containing surgically removed tumour samples and in core-needle biopsies of primary and metastatic tumours. The presence of the Ki-67 antigen was assessed by immunohistochemistry using MIB‑1 monoclonal antibodies. Based on the Ki-67 proliferative index we determined the tumour grade. In addition, we determined the tumour stage according to the TNM classification. In all the subjects we determined the levels of the non-specific NET marker (chromogranin A) and of specific NET markers (serotonin, insulin and gastrin in the blood and 5‑hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5‑HIAA] in 24-hour urine). Results: The diagnoses of low-grade (Ki‑67 ≤ 2%), intermediate-grade (Ki-67 3-20%) and high-grade (Ki‑67 〉 20%) NET were established in 38, 12 and 11 patients, respectively. Metastatic disease was diagnosed in 36/61 patients. A significantly higher expression of K-67 was observed in patients with metastatic disease (p = 0.01). A positive correlation was demonstrated between Ki-67 and the stage of the disease (p = 0.01) and between the histologic grade of the tumour and the stage of the disease (p = 0.01). No association between Ki-67 and the levels of chromogranin A, serotonin, insulin, gastrin and 5-HIAA was shown. There was also no difference in Ki-67 expression relative to the location of the primary tumour and the tumour size. Conclusions: The Ki-67 proliferative index is an essential parameter predicting the course of GEP-NETs. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (5): 362-366).
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2012; 63(5):362-6. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Introduction: Bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours (BP NET) cause many diagnostic and therapeutic problems. There is an ongoing search for biochemical markers of activity of these tumours. The use of polypeptide growth factors seems potentially feasible in establishing the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of these tumours. Material and methods: We included 41 patients aged 25 to 78 years with histopathologically confirmed typical and atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumours and 20 healthy volunteers. We assessed the levels of specific and non-specific markers of these tumours and of selected growth factors relative to TNM classification. Results: The levels of specific markers (serotonin and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5HIAA]) and non-specific markers (chromogranin A [CgA]) were significantly higher in patients with atypical carcinoid tumours. The serum levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) were significantly higher in patients with carcinoid tumours versus the control group. The levels of VEGFR-1 closely correlated with TNM classification. No such correlation could, however, be confirmed for the levels of HGF, VEGF or VEGFR-2. Conclusions: Determination of CgA, serotonin and 5HIAA may be useful in the diagnosis of BP NET, particularly in atypical carcinoid tumours, and their levels depend on the presence of distant metastases. Determination of growth factors (VEGF and its receptor, VEGFR‑1, and HGF) may prove useful in the clinical diagnosis of these tumours, while the assessment of VEGFR‑1 expression may be helpful in tumour staging. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 477-482).
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2012; 63(6):477-82. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Introduction: The aim of this study was to establish adiponectin and resistin serum levels and their relationship with skeletal status in women from the RAC-OST-POL study. Material and methods: 40 women with the lowest and 40 women with the highest value of bone mineral density (BMD) measured at the femoral neck (FN) were selected from a total of 625 women after dividing them into six age categories. Mean age in the whole group of 80 women was 66.1 ± 8.0 years. 22 women had osteoporotic fractures. Adiponectin and resistin were measured, and skeletal assessment included measurements of BMD of FN and total hip (TH) using Lunar DPX (USA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of hand phalanges by means of DBM Sonic 1200 (IGEA, Italy). Results: Mean age did not differ between the subgroups, whereas height, weight, BMI and BMD were significantly higher in women with high BMD values. In women with high and low BMD, adiponectin concentration [μg/mL] was 24.81 ± 12.7 and 31.04 ± 12.64 respectively, and differed significantly (p 〈 0.05). Respective values for resistin concentration [ng/mL] were 3.29 ± 1.37 and 3.62 ± 1.45, and did not differ. Adiponectin negatively correlated with weight (r = -0.34, p 〈 0.01), BMI (r = -0.37, p 〈 0.01), FN BMD (r = -0.26, p 〈 0.05), TH BMD (r = -0.33, p 〈 0.01), and did not correlate with QUS result. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that TH BMD was negatively influenced by age and adiponectin and positively by weight, and that FN BMD was dependent on age and weight only. Conclusions: Our results suggest that adiponectin may be an independent factor influencing skeletal status in women aged over 55 years. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 427-431).
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2012; 63(6):427-31. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Introduction: Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) and bronchopulmonary (BP) neurendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare and slowly growing tumours. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade extracellular matrix and are responsible for invasion and metastasis. Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) affect the invasiveness of tumour cells and the formation of distant metastases. The aim of this study was to evaluate selected MMPs (MMP2 and MMP9) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP1 and TIMP2) depending on the pTNM classification, grading, and the occurrence of metastases. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 86 patients with GEP NENs. The control group consisted of 31 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of TIMP1, TIMP2, MMP2 and MMP9 were determined by ELISA (R&D Systems) in all the study subjects. The statistical calculations were performed using MedCalc. Results: We observed significant differences in MMP2 and TIMP1 levels between the study group with NENs and the control group. TIMP1 levels were significantly higher in patients with high-grade NEN (NEC, neuroendocrine carcinoma) compared to patients with low-grade tumour (NET G1, neuroendocrine tumours G1) (p 〈 0.017). We also observed a significant correlation between TIMP1 levels and the presence of metastases in the group of patients with GEP NENs, and also higher TIMP1 levels than those in the patients without metastases (p 〈 0.05). We also found a higher likelihood of metastases in patients with GEP NENs with TIMP1 levels exceeding 206.4 ng/mL. Conclusions: Patients with NENs secreted larger quantities of MMP2 and TIMP1. TIMP1 may be considered a marker of metastases in patients with GEP NENs. (Endokrynol Pol 2012; 63 (6): 470-476).
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2012; 63(6):470-6. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumour growth, progression and invasiveness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a recognised angiogenesis-stimulating factor. Soluble VEGF receptors (sVEGFRs) have antiangiogenic properties. Recent studies have indicated that serum concentrations of these factors show a good correlation with the aggressiveness of these tumours in various organs. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of determining serum concentrations of VEGF and sVEGFR-2 in patients with adrenal incidentalomas.
The study included 51 patients: 38 women aged 53.57 ± 10.12 years and 13 men aged 54.66 ± 12.73 years without a history of cancer but with non-functioning adrenal tumours incidentally detected on a CT scan. The analysis of the CT images included such morphological features of the tumour as: tumour size, tumour homogenicity, tumour density before and after administration of an intravenous contrast medium, and the value of percentage washout of the contrast medium from the tumour. Based on the above criteria, we identified a group of 40 patients with adrenal tumours who met the CT criteria for benign adenomas (Group 1) and 11 patients whose incidentally discovered tumours did not meet the radiological criteria for benign adenomas, thereby providing grounds for referring these patients for surgery (Group 2). The control group consisted of 20 healthy sex- and age-matched individuals.
The mean serum concentrations of VEGF in the study and control groups were similar, although patients with adrenal tumours had significantly higher concentrations of sVEGFR-2 than healthy individuals. There were no significant differences in the mean concentrations of VEGF and sVEGFR-2 between the patients undergoing surgery (Group 2) and the patients not undergoing surgery (Group 1), or between the patients undergoing surgery (Group 2) and the control group. Postoperative histopathology of the resected adrenal tumours revealed benign adrenocortical adenoma in eight patients and the following in the remaining patients: adrenocortical carcinoma in one patient, phaeochromocytoma in one patient and ganglioneuroma in one patient. The adrenocortical carcinoma patient had the highest concentration of VEGF, while this patient's concentration of sVEGFR-2 was the lowest in the study group. In the patients diagnosed with ganglioneuroma and phaeochromocytoma, VEGF and sVEGFR-2 concentrations did not differ significantly from their mean concentrations in the study group. There were also no relationships between the serum concentrations of VEGF or sVEGFR-2 and the following parameters: tumour size, precontrast and postcontrast tumour densities or the value of percentage washout. Positive correlations were, however, identified between the concentration of VEGF and the concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol.
Determining the serum concentrations of such angiogenesis markers as VEGF and sVEGFR-2 seems useful in the evaluation of the nature of incidentally detected adrenal masses (incidentalomas), especially in the preoperative differential diagnosis of adrenal masses that do not meet the CT criteria for benign tumours.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2012; 63(1):22-8. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We present the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered in a patient with a clinically advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. The report concerns a 60-year-old female patient with the diagnosis of non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET G1) with liver, peripancreatic lymph node and mediastinal metastases. Due to the presence of advanced disease (inoperable pancreatic tumour, presence of multiple metastases) the patient was considered ineligible for surgical treatment on two occasions. Tissue samples for histopathology were collected during an exploratory laparotomy, which made it possible to establish the diagnosis. As somatostatin receptor scintigraphy was positive, the patient was started on somatostatin analogues and radionuclide therapy was initiated, resulting in satisfactory response in the form of complete remission of liver metastases and the decreased size of the primary tumour in the pancreas. The use of somatostatin analogues in the case of an inoperable neuroendocrine tumour which was assessed as clinically advanced, yet possessing a low proliferative potential, is a promising therapeutic option.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2012; 63(1):59-64. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors present the review of the literature concerning on the diagnostic procedure and current treatment of the dry eye, including anti-inflammatory treatment. To diagnosis of the dry eye syndrome is based on the combination of clinical symptoms and clinical tests. These clinical tests evaluate tear clearance, tear stability, ocular surface integrity, tear osmolarity and conjunctival cytology. Measurement of tear osmolarity might provide a "gold standard" of diagnosis, but a practical tear osmolarity test is not yet widely available. Measurement of tear film instability by means of a TBUT test has good overall accuracy and may be more repeatable than many other diagnostic tests. The first step in managing the disease is to identify the underlying etiology and to try to eliminate it and/or treat it. Inflammation and the interruption of the inflammatory cascade seem to be the main focus in the treatment of dry eye, giving the anti-inflammatory therapy a new critical role.
Wiadomości lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland: 1960) 01/2011; 64(1):49-55.
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ABSTRACT: Angiogenesis is an important component of many physiological processes, such as the female sexual cycle, placenta formation, the processes of growth and differentiation of tissues, and reparative processes including wound healing, fracture repair, and liver regeneration. The formation of new blood vessels during angiogenesis and vasculogenesis allows the growth and functioning of multicellular organisms. Pathological angiogenesis most commonly occurs in ischaemic, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Conditions in the pathogenesis of which angiogenesis plays an important role are sometimes labelled angiogenic diseases. To date, a number of pro-and anti-angiogenic factors have been defined. VEGF is the only specific mitogen for endothelial cells. It stimulates their growth and inhibits apoptosis, increases vascular permeability in many tissues, promotes vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. VEGF signalling activity in relation to the cell is dependent on having its specific membrane receptors (Flt-1, KDR, Flt-4). Angiogenesis plays a protective role in ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Angiogenesis extends life for patients after a stroke. Most of the facts about physiological angiogenesis are derived from studies into liver regeneration as a result of an acute injury or partial hepatectomy. Pathological hepatic angiogenesis occurs in the course of inflammation, fibrosis, hypoxia, and during tumourogenesis. There is interesting data relating to liver steatosis and obesity.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2011; 62(5):444-55. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Endocrine glands are well vascularised and the structure of their vessels facilitates the exchange of various substances, including hormones. These glands are a frequent experimental model in research on VEGF and angiogenesis. VEGF participates in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is in essence a microvascular disease that develops as a result of a confluence of haemodynamic and metabolic perturbations. Diabetic retinopathy is the commonest microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of blindness. In diabetic retinopathy, ischaemic states, and hence tissue hypoxia and angiogenesis, take place. The participation of angiogenesis and VEGF in the pathogenesis of neoplastic disease has been described in many papers. VEGF protein and mRNA have been found in cancers of the thyroid, bronchus, lungs, oesophagus, stomach, colon, liver, breast, ovary, uterus, kidney, and urinary bladder, and in malignant tumours of the brain and bone. There have been many reports of the connections between the degree of VEGF expression and tumour aggression and prognosis in patients. Richly vascularised are GEP NET. In neuroendocrine tumours, strong expression of VEGF, Flt-1 and KDR in relation to the unchanged surrounding tissues has been demonstrated. Depending on the disease entity or the degree of its severity, attempts to apply angiogenic and antiangiogenic therapy have being made. Antiangiogenic therapy (usually regarded as a form of cancer therapy) is based on: 1. inhibitory effects of proangiogenic ligands and their receptors; 2. stimulation or delivery of angiogenesis inhibitors; and 3. direct destruction of neoplastic tumour vasculature.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2011; 62(5):456-64. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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Dorota Pakuła,
Bogdan Marek,
Dariusz Kajdaniuk,
Robert Krysiak, Beata Kos-Kudła,
Piotr Pakuła,
Aleksander Gatnar,
Halina Borgiel-Marek,
Mariusz Nowak,
Lucyna Siemińska,
Joanna Głogowska-Szeląg,
Zofia Ostrowska
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ABSTRACT: Several studies have assessed natriuretic peptides in patients with thyroid disorders, and these studies have provided contrasting results. This difference may be partially explained by the presence of concomitant disorders of the cardiovascular system in participants.
The study included 101 patients free of any cardiovascular disorder, who, on the basis of plasma levels of TSH and thyroid hormones, were divided into patients with overt hyperthyroidism, patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, patients with overt hypothyroidism, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, and control subjects with normal thyroid profile. Hyperthyroidism was induced either by nodular thyroid disease or by Graves' disease, while hypothyroidism was secondary to autoimmune thyroiditis or surgery.
Compared to control subjects, hyperthyroid patients were characterised by higher plasma levels of NT-pro-BNP. This increase was particularly pronounced in cases of overt disease. On the other hand, neither clinical nor subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with any significant changes in this peptide. Plasma levels of NT-pro-BNP did not differ between patients with Graves' disease and toxic nodular goitre nor between patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism secondary to thyroidectomy. Only L-thyroxine substitutions, but not hyperthyroidism treatment, caused changes in plasma concentration of NT-pro-BNP.
Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism induce changes of the plasma concentration of NT-pro-BNP. Although both exogenous L-thyroxine and antithyroid drugs restored thyroid function, only the former drug changed plasma NT-pro-BNP content. The thyrometabolic state of a patient should always be taken into consideration when NT-pro-BNP is assessed as a marker of cardiac dysfunction.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2011; 62(6):523-8. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It has been suggested that increased testosterone secretion in postmenopausal obese women might have some protective effect on bone tissue; the association might be significantly influenced by the RANKL/RANK/OPG system.
The aim of the study was to determine whether postmenopausal obese women showed any relationship between the pattern of adipose tissue distribution, circadian free testosterone (FT) concentrations and bone metabolism (as assessed based on circadian osteocalcin [OC] and C-terminal telopeptide [CTx] levels), and to establish whether osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) might play a role in the relationship.
FT, OC, CTx, OPG and soluble RANKL (sRANKL) levels were determined by ELISA in serum samples collected every three hours for 24 hours from 47 postmenopausal women (12 with gynoid obesity [GO], 17 with android obesity [AO], and 18 healthy individuals).
Obese women demonstrated an adipose tissue distribution-dependent increase in mean circadian FT levels and a decrease in mean circadian OC, CTx, OPG and sRANKL compared to control participants. In GO subjects, these changes were accompanied by smaller FT amplitudes, suppression of the circadian rhythms of bone markers and OPG, and a shift of sRANKL rhythm acrophase, whereas AO subjects showed a decrease in bone marker amplitudes and suppression of OPG and sRANKL rhythms. In comparison with the controls, significant adipose tissue distribution-dependent changes were found in the correlations between FT and bone markers, FT and OPG, OC and CTx, OPG and sRANKL, CTx and OPG, and CTx and sRANKL. Compared to GO participants, those with AO had higher coefficients of correlations between mean circadian FT and OC as well as between OC and CTx, and lower in the case of FT and sRANKL as well as CTx and OPG and CTx and sRANKL.
Postmenopausal obesity results in adipose tissue distribution-dependent alterations in circadian FT levels accompanied by suppression of bone metabolism and a decline in circadian variations of the osteokines under investigation, especially sRANKL. Increased FT secretion in postmenopausal women might exert a protective effect on bone tissue, most likely via a shift in the OPG/RANKL ratio that tilts the balance toward a functional excess of OPG.
Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej (Advances in Hygiene and Experimental Medicine) 01/2011; 65:658-67.
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ABSTRACT: The increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has prompted researchers to look for indicators of early atherosclerotic changes in these patients. One of the earliest stages of atherogenesis is endothelial cell dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of selected plasma markers of endothelial injury [E-selectin, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and von Willebrand Factor antigen (vWF:Ag)] in PCOS women before and after six months of treatment.
32 patients with PCOS aged 18-36 years (mean age 25.16 ± 5.80) were included in the study. The control group consisted of 20 healthy women matched for age and body mass. The levels of ET-1, vWF:Ag, E-selectin, fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed. In the PCOS group, all these tests were repeated after six months of treatment.
The study showed higher levels of vWF:Ag (p = 0.043), E selectin (p = 0.028), insulin (p = 0.044), glucose (p = 0.036) and LDL (p = 0.006) in PCOS patients versus healthy women. A positive correlation was demonstrated between E selectin and glucose (p = 0.0001), triglycerides (p = 0.014) and uric acid (p = 0.008). vWF:Ag levels showed a positive correlation with glucose (p = 0.04) and triglycerides (p = 0.036). A positive correlation was also found between ET-1 and total cholesterol levels (p = 0.012) in PCOS women. After treatment, there was a significant reduction in E-selectin levels from baseline (p = 0.002) and an increase in the levels of HDL (p = 0.0002) and triglycerides (p = 0.033).
Elevated levels of vWF:Ag and E selectin in PCOS women suggest endothelial dysfunction in this group of patients. Glucose and triglyceride are significant factors affecting endothelial function in PCOS.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2011; 62(3):243-8. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Endocrine glands are well vascularized and the structure of their vessels facilitates the exchange of various substances, including hormones. These glands are a frequent experimental model in research on VEGF and angiogenesis. VEGF participates in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy is in essence a microvascular disease that develops as a result of a confluence of hemodynamic and metabolic perturbations. Diabetic retinopathy is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of blindness. In diabetic retinopathy ischemic states and hence tissue hypoxia and angiogenesis takes place. Participation of angiogenesis and VEGF in pathogenesis of neoplastic disease is described in many papers. VEGF protein and mRNA were found in cancers of the thyroid, bronchus, lungs, esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, breast, ovary, uterus, kidney, urinary bladder, in malignant tumors of the brain, bone. In a series of reports connections between the degree of VEGF expression with tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in patients have been reported. Richly vascularized are GEP NET. In neuroendocrine tumors strong expression of VEGF, Flt-1 and KDR in relation to the unchanged surrounding tissues has been demonstrated. Depending on the disease entity or the degree of its severity attempts of application the angiogenic and antiangiogenic therapy are being made. Antiangiogenic therapy (usually regarded as a form of cancer therapy) is based on: inhibitory effects of proangiogenic ligands and their receptors; stimulation or delivery of angiogenesis inhibitors; direct destruction of neoplastic tumor vasculature.
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2011; 62 Suppl 3:14-22. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors presents the review of the literature concerning on the signs, classification, connections between the dry eye syndrome and other diseases and the risk factors of dry eye syndrome. It is a prevalent, multifactorial disease that is particularly frequent in elderly patients and women, especially in menopausal and postmenopausal period. Dry eye syndrome can be episodic with transient signs and symptoms or chronic with persistent signs and symptoms and is characterized by one or more of the following symptoms: burning, itching, foreign body sensation, soreness, dryness, photophobia, redness, and reduced visual acuity. The tear film instability of dry eye syndrome, which is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film, causes inflammation and structural damage to the ocular surface. There are two major etiologic categories of dry eye syndrom: aqueous-deficient and evaporative. The most frequent classification of dry eye for practical clinical use is triple classification based on the ethiology, histopathological changes and severity of the disease.
Wiadomości lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland: 1960) 01/2010; 63(4):374-86.
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Beata Kos-Kudła,
Dermot O'Toole,
Massimo Falconi,
David Gross,
Günther Klöppel,
Anders Sundin,
John Ramage,
Kjell Oberg,
Bertram Wiedenmann,
Paul Komminoth,
Eric Van Custem,
Mohandes Mallath,
Mauro Papotti,
Martyn Caplin
Neuroendocrinology 01/2010; 91(4):341-50. · 2.38 Impact Factor
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Barbara Jarząb,
Stanisław Sporny,
Dariusz Lange,
Jan Włoch,
Andrzej Lewiński,
Agata Bałdys-Waligórska,
Marcin Barczyński,
Danuta Bręborowicz,
Jan Brzeziński,
Elżbieta Bruszewska, [......],
Tomasz Stęchły,
Ewa Stobiecka,
Jacek Sygut,
Anhelli Syrenicz,
Anna Szramek-Urbaniak,
Sylwia Szpak-Ulczok,
Tomasz Tomkalski,
Janusz Waler,
Krystyna Wołoszyńska,
Zbigniew Wygoda
Endokrynologia Polska 01/2010; 61(5):518-68. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ferric-reducing ability of serum (FRAS), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), ceruloplasmin serum oxidase activity and hsCRP level in patients with type1 diabetes mellitus without and with diabetic retinopathy. The study was performed in 76 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 35 without diabetic retinopathy (group 1) and 41 with preproliferative and proliferative retinopathy (group 2). Control group consisted of 35 nondiabetic, age-, gender-, body mass-matched healthy volunteers who came to the outpatient clinic for a routine health check-up. We evaluated FRAS using the method described by Benzie and Strain; PON1 by kinetic spectrophotometric assay with paraoxon as substrate and ceruloplasmin using its oxidative activity with 3-phenylenodiamine as substrate. CRP was measured with a high sensitive enzyme immunoassay. PON1 activity was significantly decreased in patients with diabetic retinopathy (227.66 +/- 123.57 U/l) when compared with control (312.04 +/- 129.77 U/l). FRAS was significantly decreased in group 2 (439.33 +/- 79.87 micromol/l) when compared with group 1 (522.79 +/- 167.56 micromol/l) and control (529.80 +/- 81.99 micromol/l). Ceruloplasmin activity was significantly elevated in group 1 (58.36 +/- 22.56 U/g protein) when compared with control (45.22 +/- 14.96 U/g protein). We have found significant increase in hsCRP level in group 2 (3.71 +/- 2.47 mg/l) when compared with group 1 (1.75 +/- 1.01 mg/l) and control (0.57 +/- 0.46 mg/l). The PON1/CRP ratio in control group was significantly increased when compared with diabetic patients and was significantly decreased in group 2 compared with group 1. We have not found gender-dependent difference in studied parameters in both control and in study groups. We have found tendency to decrease the serum activity of FRAS and hsCRP in elder patients but the difference was significant only in group 2. FRAS and PON 1 activity is decreased in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus with presence of diabetic retinopathy which confirms that oxidative stress could play a role in pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Significantly elevated levels of hsCRP in diabetic patients with the presence of diabetic retinopathy compared with patients without diabetic retinopathy providing a link between inflammation and the development of microvascular complication of diabetes. Because of the significant difference in PON1/CRP ratio between patients without and with the presence of diabetic retinopathy, it seems that PON1:CRP ratio may be used as a biochemical marker for progression of retinopathy. The link between the antioxidant concentration, inflammation and the development of diabetes complications needs further longitudinal studies in order to confirm our findings.
Clinical and Experimental Medicine 12/2009; 10(3):185-92. · 1.58 Impact Factor
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Neuroendocrinology 02/2009; 90(2):227-33. · 2.38 Impact Factor
