Małgorzata Mrowicka

Publications of Małgorzata Mrowicka

• [The effects of whole-body cryotherapy and melatonin supplementation on total antioxidative status and some antioxidative enzymes in multiple sclerosis patients].

  Authors: Elzbieta Miller, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Katarzyna Malinowska, Józef Kedziora, Ireneusz Majsterek

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 09/2011; 31(183):150-3.

  Oxidative stress is an important factor which contribute to the pathogenesis of lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). Whole body cryotherapy (WBCT) is often used in treatment neurological andOxidative stress is an important factor which contribute to the pathogenesis of lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). Whole body cryotherapy (WBCT) is often used in treatment neurological and orthopedic diseases. THE AIM, MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to determinate the level of total antioxidative status (TAS) in plasma and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes of MS patients (n = 28) before and after 10 exposures of WBCT (-120 degrees C/3 minutes/day). 16 MS patients during 10 exposures of WBCT additionally were supplemented by 10 mg of melatonin. RESULTS: Increasing of TAS level in plasma as well as supplemented with melatonin and non-supplemented MS patients was observed after 10 exposures of WBCT Melatonin statistically significant increased activity of SOD and CAT in erythrocytes of MS patients treated with WBCT. CONCLUSIONS: Results of our study indicate significant increase of TAS level in plasma of MS patients of WBCT treatment. This indicate that WBCT might be a therapy which suppress oxidative stress in MS patients.

• The level of isoprostanes as a non-invasive marker for in vivo lipid peroxidation in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

  Authors: Elżbieta Miller, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Joanna Saluk-Juszczak, Majsterek Ireneusz

  Neurochemical research. 03/2011; 36(6):1012-6.

  Oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory as well as degenerativeOxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory as well as degenerative phenomena. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds which are formed by free radical catalysed peroxidation of arachidonic acid esterified in membrane phospholipids. They are a new class of sensitive specific markers for in vivo lipid peroxidation. In this study 26 patients (15 females and 11 males; mean age 48.2 ± 15.2 year; mean disease duration 10.0 ± 6.5 year) with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and 12 healthy controls were enrolled. In patients with multiple sclerosis the lipid peroxidation as the level of urine isoprostanes and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in plasma were estimated. Moreover, we estimated the total antioxidative status (TAS) in plasma. It was found that the urine isoprostanes level was over 6-fold elevated in patients with SPMS than in control (P < 0.001). In SPMS patients TBARS level was also statistically higher than in controls (P < 0.01). However, we did not observed any difference of TAS level in serum between SPMS patients and controls (P > 0.05). In patients with SPMS the lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress measured as the increased level of isoprostanes was observed. Thus, we suggest that the level of isoprostanes may be used as non-invasive marker for a determination of oxidative stress what in turn, together with clinical symptoms, may determine an specific antioxidative therapy in SPMS patients.

• [The role of disorders of the prooxidant-antioxidant system in diabetes etiopathology].

  Authors: Małgorzata Mrowicka

  Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej (Online). 01/2011; 65:534-41.

  Chronic hyperglycemia is believed to play a pivotal role in the development of diabetic complications. It was found that hyperglycemia triggered a number of mechanisms that evoke overproduction ofChronic hyperglycemia is believed to play a pivotal role in the development of diabetic complications. It was found that hyperglycemia triggered a number of mechanisms that evoke overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased level of free radicals, disturbances of the enzymatic antioxidant defense system and lower concentration of exogenous antioxidants. In consequence, these abnormalities lead to a redox imbalance called oxidative stress. The aim of the present study is to summarize the role of reactive oxygen species and changes in the antioxidant defense system in the development of diabetic complications.

• Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on a total antioxidative status and activities of antioxidative enzymes in blood of depressive multiple sclerosis patients.

  Authors: Elżbieta Miller, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Katarzyna Malinowska, Jerzy Mrowicki, Joanna Saluk-Juszczak, Józef Kędziora

  The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry. 11/2010; 12(3):223-7.

  Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS patients depression is often observed. Cryotherapy might have an effect on OS. The aim of thisOxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS patients depression is often observed. Cryotherapy might have an effect on OS. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of whole body cryotherapy (WBCT) on changes in total antioxidative status (TAS) of plasma and activities of antioxidative enzymes in erythrocytes from depressive and non depressive MS patients. Twenty-two MS patients with secondary progressive disease course (12 depressive and 10 non depressive) were treated with 10 exposures in a cryochamber. Before and after WBCT the plasma TAS and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the erythrocytes were measured. The level of TAS in depressive MS group was significantly lower than in non depressive MS (P < 0.0003). WBCT increased the level of TAS in depressive (P < 0.002) more than in non depressive MS patients (P < 0.01). WBCT treatment of MS patients resulted in the significant increase of TAS level in plasma but had no effects on activities of SOD and CAT. Our results indicate that WBCT suppresses OS in MS patients, especially in depressive patients.

• Effects of the whole-body cryotherapy on a total antioxidative status and activities of some antioxidative enzymes in blood of patients with multiple sclerosis-preliminary study.

  Authors: Elzbieta Miller, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Katarzyna Malinowska, Krystian Zołyński, Józef Kedziora

  The journal of medical investigation : JMI. 02/2010; 57(1-2):168-73.

  There is evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is not only characterized by immune mediated inflammatory reactions but also by neurodegenerative processes. Neutralization of oxidative stress andThere is evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is not only characterized by immune mediated inflammatory reactions but also by neurodegenerative processes. Neutralization of oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, might represent a therapeutic approach to provide neuroprotection in MS. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in total antioxidative status and activities of chosen antioxidative enzymes, such as: SOD, CAT in erythrocytes of patients with MS before and after using WBCT with control group. 32 patients with multiple sclerosis (ICD10-G35) and 20 healthy subjects were recruited for the study. The examined MS group (n=16) was treated with a series of 10 daily exposures in a cryogenic chamber (2-3 min, from -120 degrees C to -110 degrees C) and program of exercises. The control MS group (n=16) had only exercises. Plasma TAS as well as SOD and CAT activities in erythrocytes were measured. The level of TAS in MS patients was distinctly reduced compared to healthy subjects. After two weeks of WBCT treatment an increase of TAS in the whole examined group (p>0.01) were observed in relation to control MS group. There was not increase of CuZnSOD and CAT activities. Our results suggest positive antioxidant effects of WBCT as a short-term adjuvant treatment for patients suffered due to MS.

• [Effect of melatonin on activity of superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in erythrocytes of patients during short- and long-term hypokinesis].

  Authors: Małgorzata Mrowicka, Paweł Garncarek, Elzbieta Miller, Józef Kedziora, Janusz Smigielski, Katarzyna Malinowska, Jerzy Mrowicki

  Wiadomości lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960). 01/2010; 63(1):3-9.

  Short- or long-lasting hypokinesis is to a large degree the consequence of negative habits of human beings towards a comfortable and more sedentary lifestyle. The period of decreased physicalShort- or long-lasting hypokinesis is to a large degree the consequence of negative habits of human beings towards a comfortable and more sedentary lifestyle. The period of decreased physical activity can cause disturbance in the balance between systemic processes of the oxidation and reduction, which leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress generation. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of melatonin administration on the cellular superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) activity in red blood cells of patients with short- and long-term hypokinesis as compared to the group of subjects with normal physical activity. The study included 33 subjects with immobilization. The study group was divided into two subgroups (depending on hypokinesis duration): group A: 15 subjects classified for total hip alloplasty (a short-lasting decrease in physical activity); group B: 18 subjects suffering from multiple sclerosis or the stroke of brain (the long-term hypokinesis). The control group (group C) comprised 17 subjects with normal physical activity. Melatonin was applied at a dose of 5 mg daily, one hour before sleep. The CuZn-SOD activity in red blood cells was determined, according to the Misra and Fridovich method, in two periods: 1) on the first day, 2) on the 10th day (group A), and 30 days (group B) after melatonin administration. A slight increase in CuZn-SOD activity (+3.1%) was observed in group A 10 days after alloplasty and melatonin administration as compared to group B, where a considerable rise in the enzyme activity (+23.3%) was found 30 days after rehabilitation and melatonin supplementation. The average CuZn-SOD activity in both investigative groups was lower than that in the controls (group C). It was estimated that the short- and long-lasting hypokinesis leads to an increase in ROS generation, what is confirmed by the increase in CuZn-SOD activity. The results of the study on superoxide dismutase activity indicate that oral administration of melatonin for the period of 30 days has a more favorable influence on antioxidative processes than 10-day's melatonin intake.

• [Oxidative stress in multiple sclerosis].

  Authors: Elzbieta Miller, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Krystian Zołyński, Józef Kedziora

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 12/2009; 27(162):499-502.

  Accumulating data indicate that oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to OS, generated in excess primarily byAccumulating data indicate that oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to OS, generated in excess primarily by macrophages, have been implicated as mediators of demyelization and axonal damage in MS. ROS cause damage to main cellular components such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (e.g., RNA, DNA), resulting in cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. In addition, weakened cellular antioxidant defense systems in the central nervous system (CNS) in MS, and its vulnerability to ROS effects may augmented damage. Thus, treatment with antioxidants might theoretically prevent propagation of tissue damage and improve both survival and neurological outcome. Central nervous system is particularly susceptible to ROS-induced damage due to the high oxygen demands of the brain and low concentration of endogenous antioxidants. Its refer both enzymatic antioxidants: catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase and nonenzymatic antioxidants glutathione, vitamins A,C,D, coenzym Q, uric acid etc. Enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants like vitamins, micro and macro elements could regulate progress and function different immunologic cells. Modulation of immunologic processes by this components could be an effective method in decreased risk of incidence of disease and(or) treatment of MS or other immunologic diseases.

• [Total antioxidant status concentration in blood plasma of professional sportsmen after dosed physical exercise]

  Authors: Małgorzata Mrowicka, Krzysztof Bortnik, Katarzyna Malinowska, Józef Kedziora, Jerzy Mrowicki

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 08/2009; 27(157):22-5.

  The mechanism of functioning of the well-balanced protection system against free radicals is based on the mutual and synergistic activity of its all elements. One of the first organism reactions toThe mechanism of functioning of the well-balanced protection system against free radicals is based on the mutual and synergistic activity of its all elements. One of the first organism reactions to physical effort is an elevated oxygen requirement due to an increased rate of metabolism, particularly in the skeletal muscles involved in performing physical work. In case of insufficient antioxidative system of blood plasma, free radicals attack the erythrocytic membrane externally and internally, leading to formation of considerable amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dosed submaximal and maximal physical exercise on the plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) concentration in professional sportsmen and in subjects of normal physical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 41 rugby players (junior and senior group) and 20 men of normal physical activity (control group) were the subject of the study. The plasma TAS concentration was determined: before an effort in the control group, and after 30-minute restitution period in sportsmen. RESULTS: The concentration of TAS values in subjects of normal physical activity before exercises were on average 0.65 +/- 0.15 mmol/l. In the junior group after the dosed submaximal physical exercise, the mean TAS concentration was 0.69 +/- 0.29 mmol/l, but the dosed maximal exercise lead to an increase in TAS values - 0.73 +/- 0.34 mmol/l. The higher plasma TAS concentration after the dosed submaximal physical exercise was observed in the senior group as compared to the junior group, and was on average 0.93 +/- 0.22 mmol/l. However, after the maximal exercise, the TAS concentration decreased and its average value was 0.66 +/- 0.26 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate that the intensity of performed exercises affects the plasma TAS concentration during a single physical activity. The plasma TAS concentration was higher in sportsmen regardless of the type of effort as compared to the control group. Supplementation of micromolecular antioxidants present in nutrients ingested by the sportsmen might have influenced the study outcomes.

• [Influence of complex compounds on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract]

  Authors: Katarzyna Malinowska, Roman Modranka, Katarzyna Kubiak, Alicja Klimczak, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Jerzy Mrowicki

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 08/2009; 27(158):97-100.

  Chemotherapy is an important field of clinical medicine and pharmacology Chemotherapy is the main method of treating the neoplasm. It involves treating the neoplastic disease with the use of naturalChemotherapy is an important field of clinical medicine and pharmacology Chemotherapy is the main method of treating the neoplasm. It involves treating the neoplastic disease with the use of natural or synthetic anticancer drugs commonly known as the cytostatics. The cancer therapy involving the cytostatics is a difficult and not always effective process, which requires taking into consideration the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics and the dosage schemas. The complexity of the chemotherapy is influenced by: still incomplete knowledge of causes of neoplasm formation, slight biological differences between the cancer cells and the regular cells, very small selectivity of cytostatics' action, narrow therapeutic index of the anticancer drugs, high toxicity for healthy cells and unsatisfactory anticancer activity. The aim of the study was to obtain the complex compounds of copper (II), and especially of dinitrate (V) di (3,4, 5-trimethyl-N1-pyrazol-kappaN2) copper (II), and its subsequent testing for pro- and antioxidative activity in people suffering from neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract (colorectal and gastric carcinoma). Material and methods. The activity of catalase was determined in erythrocytes patients suffering from colorectal and gastric carcinoma and in control group (hernia, chronic gastric ulcer disease and haemorrhoids) using the method of Beers and Sizer at 240 nm on the Beckman spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The results of the test on catalase in patients suffering from colorectal and gastric carcinoma indicate that the addition to the blood of the complex compound of Cu(II) significantly influences the activity of the enzyme in comparison with the control group in which the substance tested was not used. In the tests a marked statistical difference was observed between the studied and the control group. CONCLUSION: The results reveal that chemical compounds, that is, dinitrate (V) di (3,4,5-trimethyl-N1-pyrazol-kappaN2) copper (II), has a significant influence on the activity of catalase, the antioxidant enzyme.

• [In vitro biological activity of new platinum(II) and palladium(II) complex compounds]

  Authors: Katarzyna Malinowska, Roman Modranka, Katarzyna Kubiak, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Józef Kedziora, Alicja Klimczak, Maciej Rutkowski

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 02/2009; 26(151):52-6.

  A nitrogen ring is present in many biological molecules, which play an important part in cell division as well as in genetic information transfer. It is also a part of the purine system, which buildsA nitrogen ring is present in many biological molecules, which play an important part in cell division as well as in genetic information transfer. It is also a part of the purine system, which builds DNA and has potential places/spots of platinum drug co-ordination. Therefore, it may be hoped, that platinum(II) complexes with diazol ligands will have considerable affinity for DNA binding sites. The work was aimed at assessment of biological activity and especially of cytotoxic activity, of new complex connections of the selected diazols with Pt(II) and Pd(II) ions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MTT test is aimed at the assessment of cytotoxicity of chemical compounds. It consists in the colorimetric determination of a product--farmazon, formed after adding MTT (bromide 3[4,5-dimetylo-2-ilo]-2,5-difenylotetrazolu) to the culture suspension in the presence of the compound subject to the test. All the tested Pt(II) complexes before adding to the cell cultures were dilluted in DMF. MTT tests for individual complexes were conducted on two cell lines L1210 and P388. RESULTS: Compounds 13, 21 and 25 on P388 neoplastic cell revealed about three times smaller in-vitro cytotoxicity, whereas platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes 13, 21, 25, 43, 46, revealed cytotoxicity being about 3-4 times smaller than the reference cisplatin. Complex 45 revealed eight times smaller activity and complex 44 revealed significantly small, about two hundred smaller activity. CONCLUSION: Based on the MTT tests it may be concluded that compounds 13, 21 and 25 reveal selective cytotoxicity to P388 neoplastic cells.

• [Testing antineoplastic activity of new platinum(II) and palladium(II) complex compounds]

  Authors: Katarzyna Malinowska, Roman Modranka, Katarzyna Kubiak, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Alicja Klimczak, Józef Kedziora, Maciej Rutkowski

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 02/2009; 26(151):57-61.

  A pyrazole system is incorporated in many biological molecules which play an important part in genetic processes. It seems that co-ordinating biological molecules, which would serve as carriers,A pyrazole system is incorporated in many biological molecules which play an important part in genetic processes. It seems that co-ordinating biological molecules, which would serve as carriers, should contribute to minimising the toxic effects of the potential platinic drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY: Assessment of in vivo biological activity, and in particular of antineoplastic activity of new platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The assessment of toxicity of the compounds was made with the Deichmann and Le Blanck method. The antineoplastic activity of the new complex compounds--pyrazole derivatives with Pt(II) and Pd(II) ions was tested on mouse L1210 leukemia cell culture and on lymphatic leukemia P388. BDF1 or CDF1 mice divided into groups of 5-9 animals were subject to the tests. RESULTS: Complexes 13, 21, 25, 16, 24 and 28 did not reveal any antineoplastic activity to the mouse L1210 leukemia, whereas complexes 13, 21 and 25 revealed in-vivo antineoplastic activity to the P388 leukemia, extending the mouse's survival time by about 50%. The control group consisted of mice which were administered a 14% methylcellulose solution. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the tests conducted to asses the in-vivo antineoplastic activity it was found that the 25 complex demonstrates the strongest activity to the P388 leukemia. It may be presumed that it is caused by trans configuration of the complex predisposing to the creation of interstrand cross-links. It may be also caused by the presence of the chloromethyl substituents, located on N1 nitrogen atom of the ligand, which increases the capacity of nitrogen N7 guanine alkylation in DNA.

• [Antioxidative enzymes--structure, properties, functions]

  Authors: Elzbieta Gałecka, Renata Jacewicz, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Antoni Florkowski, Piotr Gałecki

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 10/2008; 25(147):266-8.

  In physiological condition mammalian cells produce a small amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which influence biological processes. At high concentration ROS are the mediator of damage toIn physiological condition mammalian cells produce a small amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which influence biological processes. At high concentration ROS are the mediator of damage to lipids, protein and nucleic acids. Exposure to free radicals has led organisms to develop series of defense mechanism that can protect against oxidative stress. The defense mechanism is represented by non-enzymatic antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidants that are mainly represented by: superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT) and, glutathione peroxidases (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR). This article presents short review about structure, properties and functions of the above enzymes in living cells.

• [Chosen non-enzymatic substances that participate in a protection against overproduction of free radicals]

  Authors: Elzbieta Gałecka, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Katarzyna Malinowska, Piotr Gałecki

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 10/2008; 25(147):269-72.

  Free radicals are substantial elements that take part in proper function of metabolic pathways of human cells and tissues in hydrophobic as well as in hydrophilic environment. NeverthelessFree radicals are substantial elements that take part in proper function of metabolic pathways of human cells and tissues in hydrophobic as well as in hydrophilic environment. Nevertheless overproduction of above molecules causes oxidative stress, a process which is very harmful for lipids, proteins, and others molecules what reduces their normal function. To protect against adverse effects of free radicals and theirs derivatives to human body there is a group of antioxidants divided into enzymatic and non-enzymatic substances. Enzymatic antioxidants are represented mainly by enzymes such as: copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). Glutathione (GSH), thioredoxin (Trx), vitamins, melatonin, polyphenols, trace elements, albumin, and others function as non-enzymatic free radicals scavengers. This work in a brief way describes properties of chosen representants of non-enzymatic antioxidant system.

• [The influence of degenerative changes on the production of free radicals and the lipid peroxidation at the patients after alloplastic of the hip joint]

  Authors: Małgorzata Mrowicka, Elzbieta Gałecka, Elzbieta Miller, Paweł Garncarek

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 09/2008; 25(146):145-9.

  Since now researches claimed that rheumatoid arthritis was not characterized with an inflammatory process due to the lack of vessel in the cartilaginous tissue. Nevertheless, an inflammation ofSince now researches claimed that rheumatoid arthritis was not characterized with an inflammatory process due to the lack of vessel in the cartilaginous tissue. Nevertheless, an inflammation of synovial membrane and a reduction of activity of articulation co-exist with rheumatoid arthritis. Recent results have proved that the above disease is connected with an oxidative stress. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this investigation was to estimate changes of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma and malondialdehyd (MDA) concentration in red blood cells of patients suffering from an alloplastic of the hip joint. We also measured how physical activity in a reduced motor activity influences the NO and MDA concentration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Malonyl dialdehyde (MDA) concentration in RBCs was assayed with Placer method, nitrogen concentration in blood plasma was determined using the Griess indirect method. Biochemical tests have been performed on a group of 36 patients with osteoarthritis hospitalised at the Traumatic-Orthopaedic Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration Hospital in Lodz, Poland. A control group included 21 subjects with normal physical activity. RESULTS: The concentration of nitric oxide in plasma of patients that were operated was lower than in a healthy control group. Ten days after the operation it decreased, but after a month it was higher than before the operation. The concentration of MDA in red blood cells was higher before and after the alloplastic than in the healthy control group. Ten days after operation the concentration of MDA was lower about 15.8% but after 30 days it lowered up to about 26.3% in comparison to the concentration before the operation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are not the same as those shown by other researches which suggest increased production of nitric oxide. Reduction of the motor activity due to degenerative joint disease and alloplastic causes reduction in lipid peroxidation of red blood cells.

• [Role of flavonoids as antioxidants in human organism]

  Authors: Elzbieta Miller, Katarzyna Malinowska, Elzbieta Gałecka, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Józef Kedziora

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 07/2008; 24(144):556-60.

  The increasing interest in flavonoids means higher demand for the complex and synthetic knowledge about those substances. The following study is an overview of the contemporary knowledge about theThe increasing interest in flavonoids means higher demand for the complex and synthetic knowledge about those substances. The following study is an overview of the contemporary knowledge about the mentioned substances, and hopefully it will magnify this topic. Flavonoids are the ingredients of many nutrition substances and a vital diet element. They are also a group of many medicines with different influence on live organisms. At the moment, there are over hundreds of bio-flavonoids identified. The phenol compounds are used as natural drugs in the cases of various sicknesses of blood, breathing, food, and urinary circuit, and in dermatology as well. The existence of these compounds in the diet, especially maintenance of their proper consumption level, is a very important element in the prevention of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The intensity of experimental studies on flavonoids in the last decade (mainly studies on cell cultures) showed varied attributes of these compounds. The results give hope for the use of flavonoids in prevention and neoplasmatic treatment. Phenol compounds as antioxidants may affect in many different aspects: direct reaction with free radicals, scavenging free radicals, growing dismutation of free radicals to the compounds with much lower reactiveness, chelatation of pro-oxidant metals (mainly iron), delaying or strengthening many enzymes. What is more, they can strengthen the functionality of other antioxidants, such as vitamins resolving in fat, and low-molecular substances resolving in water. The wide spectrum of the functions of flavonoids and their synthetic derivatives gives hope for the research of new chemical compounds (drugs) with exploratory characteristics.

• [Role of free radicals in the physiological processes].

  Authors: Elzbieta Gałecka, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Katarzyna Malinowska, Piotr Gałecki

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 05/2008; 24(143):446-8.

  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced during variety of biological processes. Low concentration of these molecules influences cell growth, differentiation orReactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are produced during variety of biological processes. Low concentration of these molecules influences cell growth, differentiation or proliferation. Above derivatives of oxygen and nitrogen take part in physiological processes such as signal transduction, regulation of protein kinases or transcription factors. ROS and RNS regulate redox balance, regulate immune responses, activate macrophages and neutrophils. Under theirs' control is cell adhesion and relaxation of smooth muscles. These molecules are very important for correct function and life of the cell.

• [Activity of superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in erythrocytes of patients after hips alloplasty].

  Authors: Małgorzata Mrowicka, Paweł Garncarek, Krzysztof Bortnik, Elzbieta Gałecka, Elzbieta Miller, Janusz Smigielski

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 05/2008; 24(143):396-8.

  Hip osteoarthritis leads, among others, to abnormally decreased physical activity (hypokinesia). Adverse effect of physical inactivity can cause inhibition of anabolic processes in favour ofHip osteoarthritis leads, among others, to abnormally decreased physical activity (hypokinesia). Adverse effect of physical inactivity can cause inhibition of anabolic processes in favour of enhancement of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid catabolitic reactions, as well as inadequate metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These alterations can induce an increased lipid peroxide synthesis, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acceleration of lipid peroxidation processes. The aim of the study was to determine superoxide dismutase activity (CuZn-SOD) in red blood cells of patients suffering from hip osteoarthritis prior to and following total alloplasty as compared to healthy subjects, and also to evaluate effect of hypokinesia on oxidative stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS; CuZn-SOD activity in red blood cells was determined according to the Misra and Fridovich method in 36 patients with hip osteoarthritis hospitalized at the Traumatic-Orthopaedic Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration Hospital in Lódź. RESULTS: In patients with decreased physical activity in ten days after alloplasty, enzyme activity increased (+24.9%), one month since the operation it decreased, but it higher as compared to result activity of CuZn-SOD prior to surgery (+16.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The results activity of superoxide dysmutase leads to ROS generation and their overgeneration in hip osteoarthritis and in first time of treatment.

• [Calcium ions, glutaminate acid, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, calcium dependent ATP-ase as causes of oxidative damage in depression patients--Part I]

  Authors: Piotr Gałecki, Antoni Florkowski, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Katarzyna Malinowska, Elzbieta Gałecka

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 01/2008; 23(138):466-8.

  Depressive disorder is still a rising and important problem in the modem world, it affects about 15% of the population. Present forms of treatment are effective in about 70% and require monthlyDepressive disorder is still a rising and important problem in the modem world, it affects about 15% of the population. Present forms of treatment are effective in about 70% and require monthly therapy which sometimes causes side effects. Last decade studies paid attention to theories different to monoaminergic and to neurodegenerative changes mainly in the limbic system of hippocampus. In this article authors show a relationship between calcium ions, glutaminergic transduction and disfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. They also take into account the activity of calcium dependent ATPase and its influence on overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the central neuron system (CNS). The first part of this article proves that disregulation of HPA increases the glutaminergic conduction in neurons and causes a cytoskeletal damage in the CNS.

• [Calcium ions, glutaminate acid, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, calcium dependent ATP-ase as causes of oxidative damage in depression patients (part II)].

  Authors: Piotr Gałecki, Antoni Florkowski, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Tadeusz Pietras, Elzbieta Gałecka

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 01/2008; 24(139):72-5.

  Depressive disorder is still a rising and important problem in the modern world, it affects about 15% of the population. Present forms of treatment are effective in about 70% and require monthlyDepressive disorder is still a rising and important problem in the modern world, it affects about 15% of the population. Present forms of treatment are effective in about 70% and require monthly therapy which sometimes causes side effects. Last decade studies paid attention to theories different to monoaminergic and to neurodegenerative changes mainly in the limbic system of hippocampus. In this article authors show a relationship between calcium ions, glutaminergic transduction and disfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. They also take into account the activity of calcium dependent ATPase and its influence on overproduction of reactive oxygen species in the central neuron system (CNS). In the second part authors conclude that deregulation of calcium ions concentration in and out of cells and decreased activity of calcium dependent ATPase stimulate tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorilation. Mitochondria work faster and consume more oxygen. It correlates well with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (RFT). Above process results in neurons apoptosis and necrosis.

• [Participation of reactive oxygen species in muscle damage produced by hypokinesis]

  Authors: Elzbieta Miller, Maciej Rutkowski, Małgorzata Mrowicka, Tomasz Matuszewski

  Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego. 05/2007; 22(130):314-7.

  The big problem of high-developed community is hypokinesis - clinical state generated by long-lasting immobilization. Virtually all body systems are affected by immobilization. Hypokinesis intensifyThe big problem of high-developed community is hypokinesis - clinical state generated by long-lasting immobilization. Virtually all body systems are affected by immobilization. Hypokinesis intensify production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The detoxification of ROS is especially important for muscles because myocytes are particularly weekly protecting against oxidative injury. Hypokinesis is a case of increase lipid peroxydation process in muscle tissue and increase aggregation of thrombocytes and high decreased of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutatione peroxide, catalase) and concentration of vitamin E in blood. As a result muscle lost mass with receptivity on thrombosis. Rehabilitation is very important because it activated antioxidant defense system to detoxification ROS. Supplementation by antioxidative vitamins and antithrombosis treatment are very helpful.