Wojciech Lubiński

Publications of Wojciech Lubiński

• The effect of progressively increased physical efforts on visual evoked potentials in volleyball players and non-athletes.

  Authors: Teresa Zwierko, Wojciech Lubiński, Anna Lubkowska, Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo, Damian Czepita

  Journal of sports sciences. 11/2011; 29(14):1563-72.

  We assessed the effect of physical effort with increasing intensity on neural activity in the visual pathway in volleyball players (n = 10) and non-athletes (n = 10). Participants performed threeWe assessed the effect of physical effort with increasing intensity on neural activity in the visual pathway in volleyball players (n = 10) and non-athletes (n = 10). Participants performed three 10-min tests of increasing intensity on a cycle ergometer. Each participant was assigned individual workloads below the lactate threshold (40% [Vdot]O(2max)), at the lactate threshold (65-75% [Vdot]O(2max)), and above the lactate threshold (80% [Vdot]O(2max)). Four recordings of visual evoked potentials were made: pre-exercise and immediately after each of the three subsequent tests. We assessed neural activity of the visual pathway by examining the amplitude and latency of the N75, P100, and N135 components of the visual evoked potentials waveform. Pre-exercise P100 wave latency was shorter (P < 0.05) in volleyball players than in non-athletes. In non-athletes, the latency of P100 following the first and second effort (40% and 65-75% [Vdot]O(2max)) was reduced compared with pre-exercise (P < 0.01). However, P100 latency increased and P100 amplitude decreased after the third test (80% [Vdot]O(2max)) in non-athletes. In contrast, no significant changes in the latency or amplitude of visual evoked potentials were observed in the athletes in the three tests. Neural conductivity in the visual pathway after exercise might be at least partially dependent on the individual's personal training adaptation status.

• Stem Cells are mobilized from the bone marrow into the peripheral circulation in response to retinal pigment epithelium damage--a pathophysiological attempt to induce endogenous regeneration.

  Authors: Anna Machalińska, Patrycja Kłos, Bartłomiej Baumert, Magdalena Baśkiewicz, Miłosz Kawa, Michał Rudnicki, Wojciech Lubiński, Barbara Wiszniewska, Danuta Karczewicz, Bogusław Machaliński

  Current eye research. 07/2011; 36(7):663-72.

  Stem cell regeneration of damaged tissue has recently been reported in many different organs. Here, we investigated the mobilization of different stem/progenitor cell (SPC) populations into theStem cell regeneration of damaged tissue has recently been reported in many different organs. Here, we investigated the mobilization of different stem/progenitor cell (SPC) populations into the peripheral blood (PB), their subsequent homing to the injured retina (IR) and contribution to its regeneration in a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage model induced by sodium iodate (NaIO(3)). Mobilization of SPCs was evaluated by flow cytometry. SPCs distribution in IR was assessed using bone marrow (BM)-derived GFP(+)Lin(-) cells transplanted intravenously into NaIO(3)-treated C57Bl/6 mice. The quantity of the chemokine SDF-1 in PB and IR was measured by ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively. Apoptosis (TUNEL assay), cell proliferation (PCNA analysis) as well as functional retinal activity (electroretinogram) were examined at several time points after NaIO(3) administration. Mobilization of SPCs along with the highest cell proliferation and massive apoptosis within IR were observed on the third day after NaIO(3) administration. Similarly, donor GFP(+)Lin(-) cells were detected in the retina as soon as day 4 after NaIO(3) injection. Plasma levels of SDF-1 did not differ significantly in mice exposed to NaIO(3) compared to healthy controls, however mRNA for SDF-1 was overexpressed locally in IR. Functional retinal recovery was not achieved. Our study provides evidence that BM SPCs egress into PB and home to the injured retina, but are not capable of restoring its function. These results indicate that if the range of retinal destruction is profound, endogenous regeneration is ineffective and may ultimately require adjuvant therapeutic transplantation of specific SPCs subpopulations.

• Visual outcomes three and six months after implantation of diffractive and refractive multifocal IOL combinations.

  Authors: Wojciech Lubiński, Karolina Podboraczyńska-Jodko, Jolanta Gronkowska-Serafin, Danuta Karczewicz

  Klinika oczna. 01/2011; 113(7-9):209-15.

  To evaluate 3 and 6 months binocular visual outcomes after cataract surgery using a multifocal IOL "mix and match" approach, with a refractive (ReZoom) IOL in the dominant eye and a diffractiveTo evaluate 3 and 6 months binocular visual outcomes after cataract surgery using a multifocal IOL "mix and match" approach, with a refractive (ReZoom) IOL in the dominant eye and a diffractive (Tecnis) IOL in the fellow eye. Three and 6 months after bilateral cataract surgery, 40 eyes of 20 patients were evaluated for binocular UDVA, UNVA and UIVA (logMAR), spectacle independence, contrast sensitivities (CS), stereoscopic vision, subjective symptoms, patient satisfaction and complications. Three months after surgery mean binocular UDVA did not differ from the six-month follow-up (-0.13 +/- 0.08 vs. -0.18 +/- 0.08; p = NS ). All patients achieved binocular UNVA of 0.0 at both follow-ups. Mean binocular UIVA improved significantly from 0.06 to 0.01 (p<0.027), 6 months after surgery. All patients had very function at good visual all distances and were totally spectacle independent. CS under various conditions was within normal age-matched limits at both follow-ups. For some spatial frequencies six months postoperative results were significantly better than for the 3 months follow-up (p<0.05). Stereoscopic vision was normal. A low degree of glare/halo was detected in 75% of subjects. Overall patient satisfaction was very high (9.6/10). There were no postoperative complications. Mixing and matching multifocal IOLs in selected cataract patients provides an excellent visual outcome, a high level of patient satisfaction and spectacle-free visual function. A period of neuroadaptation lasting at least six months is necessary to obtain better visual function results.

• [Functional improvement of injured retina following the adjuvant stem cell-based therapy. Preliminary report].

  Authors: Anna Machalińska, Wojciech Lubiński, Krzysztof Penkala, Miłosz Kawa, Bartłomiej Baumert, Barbara Wiszniewska, Danuta Karczewicz, Bogusław Machaliński

  Klinika oczna. 01/2011; 113(4-6):117-21.

  The purpose of this study was to appraise the functional response of damaged retina to the stem cell-based therapy in mice. The majority of disorders leading to the irreversible vision loss in theThe purpose of this study was to appraise the functional response of damaged retina to the stem cell-based therapy in mice. The majority of disorders leading to the irreversible vision loss in the developed world is caused by retinal degeneration. Since, recent reports emphasized regenerative potential of bone marrow stem marrow stem/progenitor cells (SPCs), we investigated here the beneficial effect of intravenously administrated SPCs on regeneration of acutely injured retina. Selective chemical injury of murine retinas was induced by intravenous administration of sodium iodate (NalO3) in its toxic dose. Flash electroretinogram (ERG), was performed in different time points after infusion of bone marrow-derived and negative for linage antigens population of SPCs. Stem cell-based therapy resulted in gradual increase of b-wave amplitude in ERG recordings starting from the 3rd day after NalO3 administration, what confirmed the improvement of retinal function in long-term observation. Our preliminary findings revealed that the selected stem cell-based therapy employed in the adjuvant mode has been shown to be effective in supporting the retinal function recovery after acute retinal damage.

• Sodium iodate selectively injuries the posterior pole of the retina in a dose-dependent manner: morphological and electrophysiological study.

  Authors: Anna Machalińska, Wojciech Lubiński, Patrycja Kłos, Miłosz Kawa, Bartłomiej Baumert, Krzysztof Penkala, Ryszard Grzegrzółka, Danuta Karczewicz, Barbara Wiszniewska, Bogusław Machaliński

  Neurochemical research. 11/2010; 35(11):1819-27.

  Sequential morphological and functional features of retinal damage in mice exposed to different doses (40 vs. 20 mg/kg) of sodium iodate (NaIO(3)) were analyzed. Retinal morphology, apoptosis (TUNELSequential morphological and functional features of retinal damage in mice exposed to different doses (40 vs. 20 mg/kg) of sodium iodate (NaIO(3)) were analyzed. Retinal morphology, apoptosis (TUNEL assay), and function (electroretinography; ERG) were examined at several time points after NaIO(3) administration. The higher dose of NaIO(3) caused progressive degeneration of the whole retinal area and total suppression of scotopic and photopic ERG. In contrast, the lower dose induced much less severe degeneration in peripheral part of retina along with a moderate decline of b- and a-wave amplitudes in ERG, corroborating the presence of regions within retina that retain their function. The peak of photoreceptor apoptosis was found on the 3rd day, but the lower dose induced more intense reaction within the central retina than in its peripheral region. In conclusion, these results indicate that peripheral area of the retina reveals better resistance to NaIO(3) injury than its central part.

• Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

  Authors: Kamila Krasodomska, Wojciech Lubiński, Andrzej Potemkowski, Krystyna Honczarenko

  Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology. 10/2010; 121(2):111-21.

  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia in the world. Patients with AD frequently complain of vision disturbances that do not manifest as changes in routineAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia in the world. Patients with AD frequently complain of vision disturbances that do not manifest as changes in routine ophthalmological examination findings. The main causes of these disturbances are neuropathological changes in the visual cortex, although abnormalities in the retina and optic nerve cannot be excluded. Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) tests are commonly used in ophthalmology to estimate bioelectrical function of the retina and optic nerve. The aim of this study was to determine whether retinal and optic nerve function, measured by PERG and PVEP tests, is changed in individuals in the early stages of AD with normal routine ophthalmological examination results. Standard PERG and PVEP tests were performed in 30 eyes of 30 patients with the early stages of AD. The results were compared to 30 eyes of 30 normal healthy controls. PERG and PVEP tests were recorded in accordance with the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards. Additionally, neural conduction was measured using retinocortical time (RCT)--the difference between P100-wave latency in PVEP and P50-wave implicit time in PERG. In PERG test, PVEP test, and RCT, statistically significant changes were detected. In PERG examination, increased implicit time of P50-wave (P < 0.03) and amplitudes reductions in P50- and N95-waves (P < 0.0001) were observed. In PVEP examination, increased latency of P100-wave (P < 0.0001) was found. A significant increase in RCT (P < 0.0001) was observed. The most prevalent features were amplitude reduction in N95-wave and increased latency of P100-wave which were seen in 56.7% (17/30) of the AD eyes. In patients with the early stages of AD and normal routine ophthalmological examination results, dysfunction of the retinal ganglion cells as well as of the optic nerve is present, as detected by PERG and PVEP tests. These dysfunctions, at least partially, explain the cause of visual disturbances observed in patients with the early stages of AD.

• The effect of physical effort on retinal activity in the human eye: rod and cone flicker electroretinogram studies.

  Authors: Teresa Zwierko, Damian Czepita, Wojciech Lubiński

  Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. 02/2010; 248(5):659-66.

  The aim of our study was to assess the effect of physical exercise with increasing intensity on neuroretinal activity in healthy subjects (n = 30). We analysed the amplitude and implicit time ofThe aim of our study was to assess the effect of physical exercise with increasing intensity on neuroretinal activity in healthy subjects (n = 30). We analysed the amplitude and implicit time of b-wave electroretinogram (ERG) responses in two experiments: (1) for a scotopic blue 10 Hz flicker stimulus (rod-mediated responses), and (2) for a photopic white 30 Hz flicker stimulus (cone-mediated responses). Using a cycloergometer, three 10-minute effort-tests with increasing intensity were performed. Each participant was assigned individual workload values (W) below the lactate threshold (40% VO(2)max), at the lactate threshold (60-65% VO(2)max) and above the lactate threshold (80% VO(2)max). Five ERG recordings were taken: (1) before, (2-4) immediately after the three subsequent efforts and (5) 1 hour after the completion of the last effort. The right eye was selected for monocular stimulation in both experiments. After the first effort (40% VO(2)max), we observed an increased amplitude (p < 0.001) and decreased implicit time of the b-wave (p < 0.01) in cone-mediated responses, and no significant effects in rod-mediated responses. Despite the increase in effort intensity, the cone b-wave amplitude remained unchanged, whereas the rod b-wave amplitude significantly decreased after the subsequent efforts (p < 0.001). Rod-mediated responses were more susceptible to effort-induced homeostasis disruptions than the cone-mediated responses. The application of ERGs may be used as neurophysiological criteria in defining the cardiovascular status of the physical performance.

• Ophthalmological and electrophysiological features of Parkinson's disease.

  Authors: Barbara Nowacka, Wojciech Lubiński, Danuta Karczewicz

  Klinika oczna. 01/2010; 112(7-9):247-52.

  Based on available literature, the authors describe the most frequent ocular diseases and symptoms, as well as bioelectrical dysfunction of the visual pathway in patients with Parkinson's diseaseBased on available literature, the authors describe the most frequent ocular diseases and symptoms, as well as bioelectrical dysfunction of the visual pathway in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Data published in literature available in PubMed library. The most often ocular diseases, symptoms and the bioelectrical dysfunction were diagnosed using routine ophthalmological examination including tear film tests, perimetry, optical coherence tomography (OCT), color and contrast sensitivity tests, and electrophysiological recordings like EOGs, flash, pattern and multifocal ERGs, VEPs. The most frequent ocular diseases in PD are dry eye syndrome and glaucoma. At least 25% of PD patients manifest visual hallucinations. The most prominent bioelectrical dysfunction of the visual pathway was observed in outer layers of the retina (retinal pigmented epithelium, phoptreceptors) and it was registered mainly in EOG, PERG and mfERG tests. During examination of PD patents, general ophthalmologists should especially pay attention to diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma and dry eye syndrome. In PD visual deficits may occur without any noticeable changes in the routine ophthalmological examination. Electrophysiological recordings can explain, at least partially, visual dysfunction in course of PD.

• Cataract surgery with bilateral multifocal ReZoom intraocular lens implantation--comparison of 3 and 12 month follow-up.

  Authors: Wojciech Lubiński, Jolanta Gronkowska-Serafin, Karolina Podboraczyńska-Jodko, Danuta Karczewicz

  Klinika oczna. 01/2009; 111(10-12):327-31.

  To evaluate the visual outcome, spectacles independence, contrast sensitivity (CS), subjective symptoms, patient satisfaction and complications three and 12 months after cataract surgery withTo evaluate the visual outcome, spectacles independence, contrast sensitivity (CS), subjective symptoms, patient satisfaction and complications three and 12 months after cataract surgery with bilateral ReZoom multifocal refractive intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. This study comprised 40 eyes of selected 20 patients who had uneventful cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of ReZoom (AMO) multifocal IOL. Three and 12 months after bilateral surgery binocular uncorrected, the best corrected distance, near and uncorrected intermediate visual acuities (VA), spectacle independence, the best corrected binocular distance (with and without glare), near photopic CS, subjective symptoms, patient satisfaction and complications were evaluated. Three and 12 months after surgery all patients had binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (VA) of 0.5 or better; the best corrected distance VA was 1.0 in all cases. Three months after surgery, the mean binocular uncorrected intermediate VA was J4.10. The mean binocular uncorrected and the best corrected near VA were J3.10 and J1.70 respectively. Total spectacle independence and independence for distance, intermediate and near vision were achieved in 65%, 100%, 95% and 70% of patients respectively. The best corrected binocular distance and near CS were within normal limits. The most frequent subjective symptoms were mild glare and halo (65%--13/20 of patients).Total vision satisfaction was very high (9.6/ 10). There were no postoperative complications. One year after surgery, statistically significant improvement occurred in the best distance corrected near VA (p < 0.04), photopic distance best corrected CS without glare for 12 cycl/deg (p < 0.03) and in the level perception of glare/halo (p < 0.02) in comparison to the results from 3 months follow-up. The rest of analyzed parameters was unchanged. No complications were noticed except posterior capsule opacification in four patients one year after surgery who needed YAG laser treatment. Bilateral ReZoom multifocal IOL implantation was effective in selected cataract patients, providing very good uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities as well as very high level of patient satisfaction. Longer than three months of the neuroadaptation time after bilateral surgery is necessary to obtain significantly better visual function results.

• A 43-year-old man with reduced visual acuity and normal fundus: occult macular dystrophy--case report.

  Authors: Wojciech Lubiński, Wojciech Gosławski, Krzysztof Penkala, Monika Drobek-Słowik, Danuta Karczewicz

  Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology. 04/2008; 116(2):111-8.

  PURPOSE: Occult macular dystrophy (OMD) is an unusual, inherited macular dystrophy characterized by a slowly progressive decline of visual acuity with normal fundus and fluorescein angiography (FA).PURPOSE: Occult macular dystrophy (OMD) is an unusual, inherited macular dystrophy characterized by a slowly progressive decline of visual acuity with normal fundus and fluorescein angiography (FA). The authors present a 43-year-old man who was diagnosed as having OMD because of the results of electrophysiological, psychophysical, optical coherence tomography (OCT) tests. METHODS: Routine ophthalmological evaluation, FA, visual field tests, electroretinographic examinations (EOG, ERG, PERG and mfERG recordings according to ISCEV standards) and foveal thickness measurements (OCT) were performed. RESULTS: Funduscopic examinations, FA, full field ERG as well as PERG results were all normal. In both eyes, the abnormalities were observed in static perimetry (relative central scotomas), mfERG (significant reduction of P1 amplitude in the central retinas) and OCT (significantly thinner foveal thickness). CONCLUSIONS: A new case with OMD is added to preceding reports. The mfERG and OCT tests are important in detection of OMD patients. It can help in differential diagnosis of amblyopia, optic nerve diseases and non-organic visual disorders.

• [Evaluation of visual function among patients with exudative AMD treated with an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide]

  Authors: Wojciech Lubiński, Wojciech Gosławski, Katarzyna Mozolewska-Piotrowska, Zbigniew Szych, Danuta Karczewicz

  Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis. 02/2008; 54(1):22-7; discussion 27.

  AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate the visual acuity, visual field, retinal bioelectrical function and fluorescein angiography (FA) results of patients with exudative AMD treated with anAIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate the visual acuity, visual field, retinal bioelectrical function and fluorescein angiography (FA) results of patients with exudative AMD treated with an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Visual acuity (Snellen chart), Humphrey automatic static perimetry (HASP) 30-2 W-W, mfERG were performed before, one month and three months after a single intravitreal injection of about 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide in 17 eyes of 17 patients (that did not meet the criteria for PDT). Fluorescein angiography was evaluated before and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant improvement in visual acuity after a month and three months after treatment when comparing to the initial examination. Although a slight improvement of 1-2 lines on Snellen chart was noted in individual cases. No significant changes were observed in static perimetry results after 3 months follow-up. In mfERG, there was a significant decrease in both, response density and P1 wave amplitude in fifth peripheral ring. In the rest of the rings, in comparison to the initial examination significant changes were not observed. In 76% of the analyzed eyes stabilization of CNV activity was noted in FA. In majority of eyes, the active CNV diameter did not change or was reduced and transformed into a scar. CONCLUSIONS: Three months after an intravitreal injection oftriamcinolone acetonide, no significant improvement of visual functions was noted in the observed group of patients with exudative AMD. A decrease of leakage in FA and a lack of a significant decrease in visual function may lead to a conclusion that IVTA treatment may slow down the natural course of the disease.

• [Value of mfVEP test in pituitary tumors diagnosis]

  Authors: Anna Piekarska, Wojciech Lubiński, Wojciech Gosławski, Wiesława Wieliczko, Anhelli Syrenicz, Tomasz Olszowski, Danuta Karczewicz

  Klinika oczna. 01/2008; 110(7-9):247-51.

  PURPOSE: To evaluate the mfVEP test in detection of the optic nerve neuropathy in pituitary tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 eyes of 15 patients with confirmed by MRI pituitary tumors (7PURPOSE: To evaluate the mfVEP test in detection of the optic nerve neuropathy in pituitary tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 30 eyes of 15 patients with confirmed by MRI pituitary tumors (7 patients with macroadenomas and 8 patients with microadenomas). In all patients the routine ophthalmologic examination, multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) and standard static perimetry (central 24-2 threshold), were performed. The control group consisted of 30 eyes of 15 healthy persons. RESULTS: In 53% (16/30) of eyes manifested changes in static perimetry and/or in mfVEP test. In 13% (4/30) of eyes abnormal static perimetry and mfVEP were simultaneously observed. The only mfVEP abnormalities were the most frequent feature and were observed in 30% (9/30) of eyes. Only abnormal static perimetry results were observed in 10% (3/10) of eyes. In those eyes in related areas of mfVEP recordings the mean peak-to-peak amplitude was significantly reduced compare to the control group. In mfVEP test statistically significant peak-to-peak amplitude reduction was observed in superotemporal quadrants in comparison to the control group (p < 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: MfVEP can be useful test in the optic nerve dysfunction/ neuropathy diagnosis in patients with pituitary tumors.

• Visual function and complications after cataract surgery with bilateral multifocal intraocular lens implantation.

  Authors: Wojciech Lubiński, Jolanta Gronkowska, Krzysztof Barnyk, Zbigniew Szych, Danuta Karczewicz

  Klinika oczna. 02/2007; 109(7-9):261-6.

  PURPOSE: To evaluate the visual function and complications after cataract surgery with bilateral Array SA 40N multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospectivePURPOSE: To evaluate the visual function and complications after cataract surgery with bilateral Array SA 40N multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study comprised 40 eyes of selected 20 patients undergoing cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of Array SA 40N (AMO). multifocal IOL. Three months after bilateral surgery distance and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, complications and adverse effects were evaluated. Patients' satisfaction was assessed using a subjective TyPE Questionnaire. RESULTS: Thirty-five eyes (35/40 - 87.5%) achieved the uncorrected distance visual acuity 20/40 and the uncorrected near visual acuity of J5 or better. Eighty-two and a half percent of the operated eyes achieved UCDVA 20/20 and J4 or better. Contrast sensitivity for distance and near measured binocularly were within normal limits, although for higher spatial frequency, contrast sensitivity values for near were slightly above the lower limit of normal range. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were few and only in one eye, further surgical intervention was necessary (IOL recentration). Three patients (3/20 - 15%) reported moderate glare and halo. Overall visual satisfaction measured with TyPE Questionnaire was very high (8.7/10). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral multifocal IOL implantation was effective and safe in selected cataract patients, providing very good uncorrected distance and near visual acuity. Slightly reduced contrast sensitivity and increased perception of glare/halo were an acceptable compromise for near, as well as distance vision improvement.

• [Transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV)]

  Authors: Wojciech Lubiński, Krzysztof Szmatłoch, Danuta Karczewicz

  Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis. 02/2007; 53 Suppl 1:7-11.

  The purpose of this study is to present, on the basis of the current literature, the actual state of knowledge on the subject of microvitrectomy: surgery technique, indications, contraindications,The purpose of this study is to present, on the basis of the current literature, the actual state of knowledge on the subject of microvitrectomy: surgery technique, indications, contraindications, potential benefits and possible complications. Introduced in 2002, 25-gauge, transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) becomes more popular surgical technique, which can replace in many cases standard 20-gauge vitrectomy. Recent study results indicate, that TSV is effective and safe surgery technique which is characterized by shorter surgery time, reduction of postoperative inflammation and faster rehabilitation in comparison to 20-gauge vitrectomy. Combination of TSV 25-gauge with 23-gauge vitrectomy has also potential possibility to replace standard 20-gauge vitrectomy even in cases with necessity silicon oil tamponade.

• [Usefulness of electrophysiological tests in the evaluation of retinotoxicity and treatment efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) injection in some eye diseases]

  Authors: Wojciech Lubiński, Krzysztof Szmatłoch, Danuta Karczewicz

  Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis. 02/2007; 53 Suppl 1:12-5.

  PURPOSE: The goal of our study is to present on the basis of the current literature the value of electrophysiological tests in the evaluation of retinal toxicity and clinical efficacy of bevacizumabPURPOSE: The goal of our study is to present on the basis of the current literature the value of electrophysiological tests in the evaluation of retinal toxicity and clinical efficacy of bevacizumab intravitreal injection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intravitreal toxicity of bevacizumab in rabbits and isolated vertebrate retinas FVEP and ERG were used for testing. Electrophysiological tests in animals were performed according to own laboratory methods. The efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment in exudative AMD and macular edema in retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy was analysed using PVEP, ERG and mfERG examinations. Electrophysiological tests in human were performed according to ISCEV standards. RESULTS: Bevacizumab was found to be non-toxic to the retina of animals based on electrophysiological studies (ERG, FVEP). In short-term follow-up, in patients with exudative AMD and macular edema in retinal vein occlusion or diabetic retinopathy mfERG, results revealed stabilization or an improvement of electrophysiological responses from macular area. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term results after intravitreal bevacizumab injection are promising and indicate lack of retinal toxicity and stabilization or improvement of macular function after treatment. Further long-term investigations on the large group of patients should be performed. Electrophysiological tests are useful, non-invasive, objective and sensitive methods to assess the functional retinal integrity, assist in monitoring treatment efficacy and any abnormalities due to drug retinotoxicity.

• [Evaluation of ganglion cells function with PERG test in normal tension glaucoma patients]

  Authors: Karolina Podboraczyńska-Jodko, Wojciech Lubiński, Olgierd Palacz, Krzysztof Safranow, Danuta Karczewicz

  Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis. 02/2007; 53 Suppl 1:30-4; discussion 34.

  PURPOSE: To evaluate bioelectrical function of inner retinal layers measured by PERG in normal tension glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 50 eyes of 30 patients with normal tension glaucoma thePURPOSE: To evaluate bioelectrical function of inner retinal layers measured by PERG in normal tension glaucoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 50 eyes of 30 patients with normal tension glaucoma the following examinations were performed: history, routine ophthalmic examination, standard static perimetry and pattern ERG test. RESULTS: The most frequent abnormalities were incorrect N95/P50 amplitude ratio and increase latency of N95-wave. In analyzed glaucoma patients sensitivity of PERG test was 50% and specificity 87%. CONLUSIONS: In normal tension glaucoma, the ganglion cells dysfunction is present and can be detected with PERG test. PERG can be additional useful diagnostic test in patients with normal tension glaucoma, particulary for those with difficult to cooperate.

• [The pattern electroretinogram test in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 with normal fundus]

  Authors: Ewa Spoz, Wojciech Lubiński, Danuta Karczewicz

  Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis. 02/2007; 53 Suppl 1:35-42; discussion 42.

  INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work is to evaluate bioelectrical retinal functions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 with normal fundus of the eye. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patternINTRODUCTION: The aim of this work is to evaluate bioelectrical retinal functions in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 with normal fundus of the eye. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The pattern electroretinogram test (PERG-ISCEV standards) was performed in total group of 64 eyes of 32 patients suffering from DM type 1 (mean duration of diabetes 9.3 +/- 3.9 years and mean age 23.9 +/- 5.7 years) with normal fundus in routine ophthalmic examination and normal optic disc measured in GDx test. The control group consisted of 62 eyes of 31 healthy age, sex and refractive error matched individuals. RESULTS: In analyzed group of 64 eyes with DM type 1, ganglion cell dysfunction in macular region was observed. PERG test revealed statistically significant amplitude decrease (p = 0.017) and latency increase (p = 0.002) of N95 wave. The most frequent abnormality was increased latency of N95 wave (23%--15/64 of tested eyes). In subgroup of 34 eyes with DM type 1 and with duration less than 10 years, the increase of latency of P50 and N95 waves was observed. In subgroup of 30 eyes with DM type 1 and with duration longer than 10 years, the decrease of the amplitudes of P50 and N95 waves was noted additionally. CONCLUSIONS: In eyes of patients with DM type 1 and with normal fundus, dysfunction of inner retinal layers as well as cone photoreceptors in macular region was observed and registered by PERG test. The PERG test also revealed progression of functional changes in inner retinal layers related to diabetes duration.

• [Electrophysiological changes in patients with early stages of Alzheimer's disease]

  Authors: Kamila Krasodomska, Wojciech Lubiński, Andrzej Potemkowski, Krystyna Honczarenko, Monika Gołab-Janowska, Marcin Ratajczak, Zbigniew Szych

  Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis. 02/2007; 53 Suppl 1:49-57; discussion 57.

  PURPOSE: An evaluation of retinal and optic nerve bioelectrical function in patients with early stages of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 eyes of 15 patients in the early stage ofPURPOSE: An evaluation of retinal and optic nerve bioelectrical function in patients with early stages of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 eyes of 15 patients in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease with normal eye fundus appearance were analysed. Electrophysiological tests of the retina and optic nerve (FVEP, PVEP, PERG, ERG) were performed according to ISCEV standards. RESULTS: The dysfunction of the retina and optic nerve was observed. The most common abnormalities were noted in PVEP test (latency increase of P100-wave--36.7% eyes) and in PERG test (latency increase of P50-wave--33.3% eyes). CONCLUSION: In patients with early stage of Alzheimer's disease there is a dysfunction of the retina and optic nerve, which can be detected by electrophysiological tests, even in patients with normal eye fundus.

• [Computer fusion of the mfVEP and HVF images]

  Authors: Łukasz Santarek, Michał Zaleski, Wojciech Lubiński, Krzysztof Penkala

  Annales Academiae Medicae Stetinensis. 02/2007; 53 Suppl 1:62-5; discussion 65.

  INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this paper is to show a method of data fusion from two different tests: the multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) and humphrey visual field (HVF). Fusing theINTRODUCTION: The purpose of this paper is to show a method of data fusion from two different tests: the multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) and humphrey visual field (HVF). Fusing the results may lead to a better diagnosis of various diseases associated with changes of patient's field-of-view. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two methods were used: mfVEP and HVF. MatLab environment was used for computer fusion of the images obtained in the mfVEP and HVF tests. RESULT: The two methods results' fusion was achieved during computer experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Achieved results will allow more precise and objective analysis of patient's field-of-view.

• [Ocular changes in Alzheimer's disease]

  Authors: Kamila Kaczmarczyk, Wojciech Lubiński, Danuta Karczewicz

  Klinika oczna. 02/2007; 109(10-12):482-4.

  PURPOSE: In this study the authors present the ocular diseases and bioelectrical dysfunction of the retina and optic nerve in patients with Alzheimer's disease, based on available literature.PURPOSE: In this study the authors present the ocular diseases and bioelectrical dysfunction of the retina and optic nerve in patients with Alzheimer's disease, based on available literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paper focuses on the most often occurring ocular diseases and optic nerve dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease measured by ERG, PERG and VEP tests. RESULTS: The most common ocular diseases in Alzheimer's disease are glaucoma, cataract and AMD. Electrophysiological tests can be abnormal in patients with Alzheimer's disease even with normal eye fundus in routine ophthalmic examination. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of ocular changes associated with Alzheimer's disease can prevent from significant loss of vision and can prolong self-reliant existence of patients with this disease. Electrophysiological tests are expected to be helpful in differentiation between patients with early stages of Alzheimer's disease and healthy people or people suffering from other types of dementia or mental diseases. Future research to estimate the diagnostic value of this tests are needed.