Haowen Jiang

Publications of Haowen Jiang

• Replication and cumulative effects of GWAS-identified genetic variations for prostate cancer in Asians: a case-control study in the ChinaPCa consortium.

  Authors: Meilin Wang, Fang Liu, Ann W Hsing, Xiang Wang, Qiang Shao, Jun Qi, Yu Ye, Zhong Wang, Hongyan Chen, Xin Gao [......] Sha Tao, Guangfu Jin, Jielin Sun, Daru Lu, S Lilly Zheng, Yinghao Sun, Zengnan Mo, Changjun Yin, Zhengdong Zhang, Jianfeng Xu

  Carcinogenesis. 11/2011; 33(2):356-60.

  A recent genome-wide association study has identified five new genetic variants for prostate cancer susceptibility in a Japanese population, but it is unknown whether these newly identified variantsA recent genome-wide association study has identified five new genetic variants for prostate cancer susceptibility in a Japanese population, but it is unknown whether these newly identified variants are associated with prostate cancer risk in other populations, including Chinese men. We genotyped these five variants in a case-control study of 1524 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and 2169 control subjects from the Chinese Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ChinaPCa). We found that three of the five genetic variants were associated with prostate cancer risk (P = 4.33 × 10(-8) for rs12653946 at 5p15, 4.43 × 10(-5) for rs339331 at 6q22 and 8.42 × 10(-4) for rs9600079 at 13q22, respectively). A cumulative effect was observed in a dose-dependent manner with increasing numbers of risk variant alleles (P(trend) = 2.58 × 10(-13)), and men with 5-6 risk alleles had a 2-fold higher risk of prostate cancer than men with 0-2 risk alleles (odds ratio = 2.26, 95% confidence interval = 1.78-2.87). Furthermore, rs339331 T allele was significantly associated with RFX6 and GPRC6A higher messenger RNA expression, compared with the C allele. However, none of the variants was associated with clinical stage, Gleason score or family history. These results provide further evidence that the risk loci identified in Japanese men also contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility in Chinese men.

• Predictive Performance of prostate cancer risk in Chinese men using 33 reported prostate cancer risk-associated SNPs.

  Authors: Jie Zheng, Fang Liu, Xiaoling Lin, Xiang Wang, Qiang Ding, Haowen Jiang, Hongyan Chen, Daru Lu, Guangfu Jin, Ann W Hsing [......] Meilin Wang, Zhengdong Zhang, Yanlin Hu, Jielin Sun, S Lilly Zheng, Xu Gao, Chuanliang Xu, Zengnan Mo, Yinghao Sun, Jianfeng Xu

  The Prostate. 07/2011; 72(5):577-83.

  Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were reproducibly associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk in populations of EuropeanGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were reproducibly associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk in populations of European descent. In aggregate, these variants have shown potential to predict risk for PCa in European men. However, their utility for PCa risk prediction in Chinese men is unknown. We selected 33 PCa risk-related SNPs that were originally identified in populations of European descent. Genetic scores were estimated for subjects in a Chinese case-control study (1,108 cases and 1,525 controls) based on these SNPs. To assess the performance of the genetic score on its ability to predict risk for PCa, we calculated area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in combination with 10-fold cross-validation. The genetic score was significantly higher for cases than controls (P = 5.91 × 10(-20) ), and was significantly associated with risk of PCa in a dose-dependent manner (P for trend: 4.78 × 10(-18) ). The AUC of the genetic score was 0.604 for risk prediction of PCa in Chinese men. When ORs derived from this Chinese study population were used to calculate genetic score, the AUCs were 0.631 for all 33 SNPs and 0.617 when using only the 11 significant SNPs. Our results indicate that genetic variants related to PCa risk may be useful for risk prediction in Chinese men. Prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate these findings. Prostate 72:577-583, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

• Systematic confirmation study of reported prostate cancer risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in Chinese men.

  Authors: Fang Liu, Ann W Hsing, Xiang Wang, Qiang Shao, Jun Qi, Yu Ye, Zhong Wang, Hongyan Chen, Xin Gao, Guozeng Wang [......] Ling Guo, Xiaoling Lin, Sha Tao, Guangfu Jin, Jielin Sun, Daru Lu, S Lilly Zheng, Yinghao Sun, Zengnan Mo, Jianfeng Xu

  Cancer science. 07/2011; 102(10):1916-20.

  More than 30 prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated loci have been identified in populations of European descent by genome-wide association studies. We hypothesized that a subset of these loci mightMore than 30 prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated loci have been identified in populations of European descent by genome-wide association studies. We hypothesized that a subset of these loci might be associated with PCa risk in Chinese men. To test this hypothesis, 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), one each from the 33 independent PCa risk-associated loci reported in populations of European descent, were investigated for their associations with PCa risk in a case-control study of Chinese men (1108 cases and 1525 controls). We found that 11 of the 33 SNP were significantly associated with PCa risk in Chinese men (P < 0.05). The reported risk alleles were associated with increased risk for PCa, with allelic odds ratios ranging from 1.12 to 1.44. The most significant locus was located on 8q24 region 2 (rs16901979, P = 5.14 × 10(-9)) with a genome-wide significance (P < (-8) ), and three loci reached the Bonferroni correction significance level (P < 1.52 × 10(-3)), including 8q24 region 1 (rs1447295, P = 7.04 × 10(-6)), 8q24 region 5 (rs10086908, P = 9.24 × 10(-4)) and 8p21 (rs1512268, P = 9.39 × 10(-4)). Our results suggest that a subset of the PCa risk-associated SNP discovered by genome-wide association studies among men of European descent is also associated with PCa risk in Chinese men. This finding provides evidence of ethnic differences and similarity in genetic susceptibility to PCa. Genome-wide association studies in Chinese men are needed to identify Chinese-specific PCa risk-associated SNP.

• Expression of Med19 in bladder cancer tissues and its role on bladder cancer cell growth.

  Authors: Hu Zhang, Haowen Jiang, Wei Wang, Jian Gong, Limin Zhang, Zhongqing Chen, Qiang Ding

  Urologic oncology. 04/2011;

  OBJECTIVES:: The human Med19 gene encodes a critical subunit that stabilizes the whole mediator complex. To understand the role of Med19 in bladder cancer, we studied the effects ofOBJECTIVES:: The human Med19 gene encodes a critical subunit that stabilizes the whole mediator complex. To understand the role of Med19 in bladder cancer, we studied the effects of lentivirus-mediated suppression of Med19 expression on bladder cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND: materials: In this study, immunohistochemical analysis was used to demonstrate the expression of Med19 in human bladder cancer. The lentivirus vectors containing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target Med19 were constructed. After bladder cancer cells (5637 and T24) were infected, RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to measure Med19 expression. The influence of Med19 on the proliferation of bladder cancer cells were assessed using MTT, BrdU, colony formation and tumorigenicity experiments. Cell cycle was analyzed with flow cytometric assay. RESULTS:: Med19 was up-regulated in human bladder cancers compared with adjacent benign tissues by immunohistochemical analysis, but was strongly inhibited in 5637 and T24 bladder cancer cells infected with lentiviruses delivering shRNA against Med19. The down-regulation of Med19 increased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phases and attenuated the growth of 5637 and T24 cells in vitro. The tumorigenicity of Med19-suppressed T24 cells was decreased after inoculation into nude mice. CONCLUSIONS:: Our results suggested that lentiviruses delivering shRNA against Med19 may be a promising tool for bladder cancer therapy.

• Use of NTrap during ureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy of upper ureteral calculi.

  Authors: Chenchen Feng, Qiang Ding, Haowen Jiang, Peng Gao, Hui Wen, Bin Gu, Zhong Wu

  Minimally invasive therapy & allied technologies : MITAT : official journal of the Society for Minimally Invasive Therapy. 03/2011;

  Abstract We investigated the effectiveness of NTrap in prevention of stone retropulsion during ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy of upper ureteral calculi. A total of 308 patients with upperAbstract We investigated the effectiveness of NTrap in prevention of stone retropulsion during ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy of upper ureteral calculi. A total of 308 patients with upper ureteral stones treated by semirigid ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser were stratified into two groups in which 152 patients without NTrap use were assigned to Group I and 156 patients with NTrap use were assigned to Group II. Patient gender, age, stone size, operative time, and parameters for stone migration were compared between the two groups. The difference in patient gender, age, and stone size were insignificant between the two groups. Longer operative duration (P = 0.000) was observed in Group II. Group II showed a higher intraoperative success rate of lithotripsy (P = 0.000) and a lower postoperative stone residual rate (P = 0.070) compared with Group I. The overall success rate was higher in Group II (P = 0.000). NTrap is an effective occlusive device against upper ureteral calculi retropulsion during ureteroscopic Ho:YAG laser lithotripsy.

• Loss of DMBT1 expression in human prostate cancer and its correlation with clinical progressive features.

  Authors: Junhua Du, Ming Guan, Jie Fan, Haowen Jiang

  Urology. 02/2011; 77(2):509.e9-13.

  To investigate alterations of DMBT1 in prostate cancer and determine the correlation of its alterations to the clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer. DMBT1 has been proposed as a candidateTo investigate alterations of DMBT1 in prostate cancer and determine the correlation of its alterations to the clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer. DMBT1 has been proposed as a candidate tumor suppressor gene for epithelial cancer. The alterations of DMBT1 expression after treatment with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in 2 prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP and PC-3) were analyzed by genome microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 36 prostate cancer tissues and 16 benign prostatic tissues were evaluated with reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry for DMBT1 expression. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reactivated expression of DMBT1 in PC3 cells, but not in LNCaP cells. Downregulation or loss of DMBT1 mRNA and protein expression was observed in prostate cancer, but not in benign tissues. Immunostaining analysis showed DMBT1 protein was absent in 14 cancer samples with Gleason score of 8-10 and weakly stained in 16 cancer samples with Gleason score of 4-7, compared with strong immunostaining in all 15 benign prostatic tissues. Loss of DMBT1 expression was correlated with local invasion (P = .048) and bone metastasis (P = .039) but was not correlated with patient age, prostate-specific antigen level, or tumor grade at diagnosis. Our study provides evidence that loss of DMBT1 expression is associated with prostate cancer, suggesting that DMBT1 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in prostate carcinogenesis.

• Quantitative assessment of AKAP12 promoter methylation in human prostate cancer using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting: correlation with Gleason score.

  Authors: Weiwei Liu, Jian Gong, Jinghui Hu, Tingting Hu, Yaofei Sun, Junhua Du, Chuanyu Sun, Ming Guan, Haowen Jiang, Yuan Lu

  Urology. 02/2011; 77(4):1006.e1-7.

  To quantitatively investigate the A kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) gene promoter methylation and its association with clinicopathologic variables in human prostate cancer (PCa). The AKAP12 geneTo quantitatively investigate the A kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) gene promoter methylation and its association with clinicopathologic variables in human prostate cancer (PCa). The AKAP12 gene has shown reduced expression and marked hypermethylation in a variety of cancers. The percentage levels of DNA methylation were measured in 78 PCa, 22 benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 22 normal adjacent tissue samples using an AKAP12 methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting assay. AKAP12 gene expression was also examined in 4 human prostate carcinoma cell lines, PC-3, DU145, LNCaP, and 22RV1, using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis and after DNA methyltransferase inhibition with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Methylation (>1%) of the AKAP12 promoter region was present in 47 (60.2%) of the 78 PCa, 5 (22.7%) of the 22 benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 2 (9.1%) of the 22 adjacent normal tissue samples. AKAP12 methylation was significantly greater in the PCa than in the benign prostatic hyperplasia or adjacent tissue samples (P < .01). AKAP12 methylation was significantly greater in the PCa samples with higher Gleason scores (P = .03); however, no correlation was found with age, pT category, or serum prostate-specific antigen level. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that PC-3 and DU-145 cells expressed AKAP12 RNA and LNCaP and 22RV1 did not. The AKAP12 locus was methylated in the LNCaP and 22RV1 cells. Treatment of LNCaP cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine markedly decreased the methylation levels and increased the expression of AKAP12. The results of the present study have demonstrated that AKAP12 promoter methylation is a frequent event in human PCa. AKAP12 methylation represents a potential molecular biomarker for predicting the malignancy of PCa.

• Expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor in bladder tumour is correlated with interleukin-8 yet not with interleukin-1α.

  Authors: Chenchen Feng, Ming Guan, Qiang Ding, Yuanfang Zhang, Haowen Jiang, Hui Wen, Paohsun Wang, Zhong Wu

  Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban. 02/2011; 31(1):21-5.

  Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an antiangiogenic factor which is effective in tumour inhibition in a variety of tumours and has not yet been studied in bladder tumour before. In thisPigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an antiangiogenic factor which is effective in tumour inhibition in a variety of tumours and has not yet been studied in bladder tumour before. In this study the expression of PEDF, interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and -8 (IL-8) in bladder tumours was investigated. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 64 bladder tumour and 23 normal uroepithelium samples. Expression change of the factors was compared with clinicopathological parameters. Correlations between PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 were analyzed. None of the factors was in relation to gender, tumour occurrence, and size or onset pattern. PEDF (P=0.014) and IL-1α (P=0.049) expression was down-regulated with grade progression. PEDF expression was lower in normal uroepithelium than in papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) (P=0.000) and carcinoma (P=0.009) whilst IL-1α (P=0.000 and P=0.000 respectively) and IL-8 (P=0.000 and P=0.023 respectively) expression was higher in the same grouping. PEDF expression had a negative correlation with IL-8 in PUNLMP (P=0.049, r=-0.578) as well as in tumour grouping (P=0.033, r=-0.276). Deranged expressional change of PEDF, IL-1α and IL-8 could be in relation to loss of differentiation from normal uroepithelium to papillary lesion and eventually to carcinoma.

• Molecular cloning of a novel nuclear factor, TDRP1, in spermatogenic cells of testis and its relationship with spermatogenesis.

  Authors: Xuanchun Wang, Haowen Jiang, Wenbai Zhou, Zhaoyun Zhang, Zhihong Yang, Yong Lu, Bin Lu, Xiang Wang, Qiang Ding, Renming Hu

  Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 02/2010; 394(1):29-35.

  We reported the identification of a novel gene termed TDRP (encoding testis development-related protein) that might be involved in spermatogenesis. The human TDRP gene had two distinct transcripts,We reported the identification of a novel gene termed TDRP (encoding testis development-related protein) that might be involved in spermatogenesis. The human TDRP gene had two distinct transcripts, TDRP1 and TDRP2, which encoded proteins of 183 aa and 198 aa respectively. Tdrp mRNA was predominantly expressed in testis tissue. We generated rabbit polyclonal antibodies specific against human TDRP1. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed TDRP1 was expressed in spermatogenic cells, especially with high expression in spermatocytes. We provided evidence that TDRP1 distributed in both cytoplasm and nuclei of spermatogenic cells. Expression patterns of Tdrp1 mRNA and its protein were investigated in the rat testis tissues of different developmental stages. Both Tdrp1 mRNA and its protein were barely detected in the testis of neonatal rats, increased remarkably at 3weeks postpartum, and peaked at 2months postpartum. We also investigated TDRP1 expressions in testis tissues of azoospermic men with defective spermatogenesis. Western blot analysis showed that TDRP1 expressions were significantly lower in the testis tissues of azoospermic men compared with normal controls. These current data demonstrated that as a nuclear factor, TDRP1 might play an important role in spermatogenesis.

• Therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells producing IL-12 in a mouse xenograft model of renal cell carcinoma.

  Authors: Peng Gao, Qiang Ding, Zhong Wu, Haowen Jiang, Zujun Fang

  Cancer letters. 09/2009;

  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a new tool for delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer. The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) has demonstrated a potent anti-tumor activity in a variety ofMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a new tool for delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer. The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) has demonstrated a potent anti-tumor activity in a variety of mouse tumor models. In this study, human MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow and identified by phenotype analysis and differentiation assays. The anti-tumor activity of human MSCs stably transduced with a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing the murine IL-12 (MSC/IL-12) were evaluated in a mouse xenograft model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Expression and bioactivity of the transgenic protein IL-12 from adenoviral vector were confirmed prior to in vivo studies. A nude mouse model of RCC was developed by subcutaneously injection of 786-0 cells into nude mice. MSC/IL-12 was injected into the lateral tail vein with single dose. Results indicated that systemic administration of MSC/IL-12 reduced the growth of 786-0 RCC and significantly prolonged mouse survival. These transfected cells could home to tumors after intravenous injection and largely produce local IL-12 protein. In contrast, systemic level of IL-12 was modestly elevated. Further studies showed that the anti-tumor activity of the MSC/IL-12 was dependent on the presence of natural killer (NK) cells and IFN-gamma in this experimental setting. These data demonstrate the potential of adult MSC constitutively producing IL-12 to reduce the growth of RCC and enhance the tumor-bearing mouse survival.

• Primary Bilateral Adrenal Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Associated With Normal Adrenal Function.

  Authors: Bin Gu, Qiang Ding, Guowei Xia, Zujun Fang, Jie Fang, Haowen Jiang, Mengshu Yao

  Urology. 02/2009;

  Primary bilateral adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. Adrenal insufficiency or adrenal failure as a result of tumor destruction is the main pathophysiological change of most cases. Normal adrenalPrimary bilateral adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. Adrenal insufficiency or adrenal failure as a result of tumor destruction is the main pathophysiological change of most cases. Normal adrenal function despite bulky bilateral adrenal masses is extremely rare. We present a case of primary bilateral adrenal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with normal adrenal function. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography is helpful to the diagnosis.

• Ureteroscopy and holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy as emergency treatment for acute renal failure caused by impacted ureteral calculi.

  Authors: Haowen Jiang, Zhong Wu, Qiang Ding

  Urology. 09/2008; 72(3):504-7.

  To present our clinical outcomes in managing acute renal failure caused by impacted ureteral calculi with ureteroscopy and holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy as emergency treatment. ATo present our clinical outcomes in managing acute renal failure caused by impacted ureteral calculi with ureteroscopy and holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy as emergency treatment. A series of 27 patients with acute postrenal failure were treated from November 2002 to December 2005. Impacted calculi were located in bilateral ureters in 22 patients and unilateral ureters in 5 patients with a solitary or single functioning kidney. Acute renal failure was demonstrated with oliguria or anuria and a significant increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Patients were treated emergently with ureteroscopy and holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy in the hospital within 24 hours. Ureteral stenting was performed in all cases. Postoperative renal function, electrolytes, and urine volume were monitored daily for 7 days. Radiography and/or ultrasonography were performed at a follow-up visit in 4 weeks. Ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy were successfully performed in all patients. The mean operative time was 29.2 minutes (range 15-60). The successful fragmentation rate in the ureteroscopic procedure was 93.9% (46 of 49), and the overall stone-free rate was 88.9% (24 of 27). Shock wave lithotripsy was used in 3 patients after recovery of renal function. Of the 27 patients, 26 (96.3%) returned to normal renal function within 7 days. One patient (3.7%) had significant improvement of renal function, but it had not returned to normal at 12 weeks of follow-up. No intraoperative complications or postoperative ureteral stricture occurred. Emergency ureteroscopy and holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser lithotripsy can be safely and successfully performed by skilled endourologists for acute renal failure caused by impacted ureteral calculi.

• Adenovirus-mediated PEDF expression inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and results in augmented expression of PAI-2.

  Authors: Ming Guan, Haowen Jiang, Chong Xu, Rong Xu, Zhongqing Chen, Yuan Lu

  Cancer biology & therapy. 04/2007; 6(3):419-25.

  PEDF is one of the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Loss of PEDF was found in human prostate tumors and associated with the progression toward a metastatic phenotype. To test the therapeuticPEDF is one of the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Loss of PEDF was found in human prostate tumors and associated with the progression toward a metastatic phenotype. To test the therapeutic potential of PEDF, we constructed a replication-defective adenoviral vector capable of efficient transduction and expression of PEDF (Ad-PEDF) in PC-3 prostate carcinoma cells. As controls, we used adenoviruses expressing beta-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ). We showed that overexpression of PEDF inhibited proliferation of cells and augmented apoptosis in serum-starved cells, in comparison with Ad-LacZ. Furthermore, Ad-PEDF suppresses anchorage-independent growth cells in soft agar and tumor formation in athymic nude mice associated with decreased microvessel density. Microarray analysis showed that 56 out of 8464 genes were found to be upregulated and downregulated in the PC-3 infected with Ad-PEDF as compared with Ad-LacZ. The differentially expressed genes cover a broad range of functional activities including catalytic activity, protein binding, signal transduction activity and cell invasion. Among them, PAI-2 and DRHC were confirmed to be upregulated with real-time PCR and Western blot, suggesting a possible association with PEDF-induced signaling for cell motility and metastasis. These results can contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of treatment strategies of PEDF for prostate cancer.

• Ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral calculi with holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy.

  Authors: Haowen Jiang, Zhong Wu, Qiang Ding, Yuanfang Zhang

  Journal of endourology / Endourological Society. 03/2007; 21(2):151-4.

  PURPOSE: We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy with a semirigid ureteroscope for ureteral calculi in a prospective cohort of 697 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS:PURPOSE: We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy with a semirigid ureteroscope for ureteral calculi in a prospective cohort of 697 patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy was performed with a semirigid ureteroscope in 697 inpatients between September 2002 and January 2006. Calculi were located in the distal ureter in 382 patients (54.8%), the midureter in 143 (20.5%), and the proximal ureter in 172 (24.7%). Patients were assessed 2 to 24 weeks postoperatively with repeat plain radiography, ultrasonography, intravenous urography, or some combination. RESULTS: The overall stone-free rate was 92.2%, the rate being 100% for calculi in the distal ureter (N = 382), 97.9% for calculi in the midureter (N = 140), and 70.3% for calculi in the proximal ureter (N = 121). Complications occurred in 13 patients (1.9%). Postoperative ureteral stricture developed in five patients (0.72%) and was managed surgically. CONCLUSIONS: Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy with a semirigid ureteroscope is a highly effective and safe treatment for ureteral calculi, especially those in the distal ureter and midureter.

• [Single instillation of epirubicin for the prophylaxis of recurrent primary superficial bladder carcinoma]

  Authors: Benchun Liu, Yuanfang Zhang, Zhong Wang, Qiang Ding, Bo Chen, Jigong Wang, Haowen Jiang

  Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]. 02/2002; 40(2):112-5.

  OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of single dose intravesical epirubicin in the prevention of recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma. METHODS: We compared the effect of intravesical epirubicinOBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of single dose intravesical epirubicin in the prevention of recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma. METHODS: We compared the effect of intravesical epirubicin or mitomycin C on tumor recurrence and disease free interval and their side effects after treatment of superficial bladder tumor. 47 postoperative patients with stages Ta to T1 primary superficial bladder carcinoma of grades 1 or 2 were randomized into groups A: single 80 mg epirubicin; B: 40 mg consecutive epirubicin; C: 40 mg consecutive mitomycin C. Patients were followed up for clinical, analytical, and cystoscopic evaluations every 3 months. RESULTS: The disease free intervals of the three groups were found no significant differences (F = 3.25, P > 0.05). The recurrence rate was 6.25% (1/16), 13.3% (2/15), 12.5% (2/16) (chi(2) = 0.496, P > 0.05) in groups A, B, and C at 1 year, and 33.3% (5/15), 26.7% (4/15), 25% (4/16) (chi(2) = 0.290, P > 0.05) at 3 years after operation, respectively. Side effects of group A (13.3%) were lower than those of group B (46.7%) or C (43.8%) (chi(2) = 14.56, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Single dose of epirubicin given intravesically immediately after tumor resection is effective in preventing tumor recurrence.