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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the psychological attitudes of patients with tinnitus by using The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and attributed psychological attitudes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 142 subjects (73 female, 69 male) divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (32 patients with tinnitus and hearing loss-), Group 2 (38 patients with tinnitus), Group 3 (36 patients with hearing loss), Group 4 (36 healthy subjects without tinnitus and hearing loss-control group). The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) test was used to detect the subjects' tendency for psychological problems due to tinnitus and/or hearing loss. RESULTS: Mean values of Somatization (SOM), Obsessive-Compulsive (O-C) and Additional Scale (AS) were higher than cut-off points of 1.00 for Groups 1 and 2 (tinnitus and/or hearing loss). In patients with tinnitus and/or hearing loss, SOM, O-C, Depression (DEP), AS and Global Severity Index (GSI) were significantly higher than patients with hearing loss and control group. By multiple linear regression analysis, tinnitus was the significantly detected confounding factor for increase of SOM, O-C, Interpersonal Sensitivity (I-S), DEP, Hostility (HOS), Paranoid Ideation (PAR), AS and GSI parameters. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that tinnitus could induce some psychological symptoms such as depression; and this is independent of hearing loss. Tinnitus with or without hearing loss is the essential factor for causing psychological problems in patients. Tinnitus duration is not important in the scene of psychological status of the patients. This result shows that, age, gender (male, female), chronic or acute tinnitus experience, and having hearing loss did not cause too much problems in patients. But tinnitus experience in every form (for the present study, intermediate level subjective tinnitus) is significantly important confounding factor for affecting psychological status of the patients.
Auris, nasus, larynx 07/2012; · 0.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of topotecan, a topoisomerase I-inhibiting anticancer agent, on hematologic
parameters and serum levels of trace elements. The study was conducted on three groups consisting of 16 and 18 rabbits in
the study groups and 15 rabbits in the control group. Rabbits in group I (n = 16) received high-dose topotecan intravenously (i.v.; 0.5mg/kg once daily), while rabbits in group II (n = 18) received low-dose topotecan i.v. (0.25mg/kg once daily) for 3days. The 15 rabbits comprising the control group did
not receive topotecan. Serum samples were collected from each rabbit on the first day, before the treatment, and on the 15th
day of treatment. Erithrocytes, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, thrombocyte count, and trace elements such as selenium,
copper, lead, zinc, and cobalt were analyzed. Hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts were lower in both study groups than
in the control group. However, thrombocyte and leukocyte counts were similar in all three groups (p > 0.005). Serum trace element levels (copper, lead, zinc, and cobalt) did not differ significantly between groups. However,
serum selenium levels were significantly lower in both study groups than the control group (p < 0.001). The results revealed that topotecan treatment causes a decrease in erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin levels due
to bone marrow suppression, and these effects must be taken into account during treatment. In addition, selenium supplementation
might be helpful in cancer patients receiving topotecan to increase the effect of the chemotherapeutic agent.
Biological Trace Element Research 04/2012; 124(2):129-134. · 1.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The children with difficulty in receiving sounds presented at rapid rates in speech sounds and language learning period, may have delay in speech sounds and language development due to hearing speech sounds not clearly. Auditory temporal processing (ATP) is the ability to perceive auditory signals of brief duration accurately when presented at rapid rates. ATP can be evaluated by the random gap detection test (RGDT), which detects a brief gap between two stimuli. In this study, we investigated performance of children with previous language delay (PLD), currently having disorders in more than one speech sounds, on random gap detection test (RGDT) and RGDT-expanded (RGDT-EXP) tests.
12 children (8 male, 4 female) with previous language delay (PLD) and complaint of expressing speech sounds distorted, were included into the study. They had applied language training for at least one-year period in the past and in the current time, their language development is normal. They expressed one or more speech sounds as distorted. The control group consisted of 10 normal hearing children with normal phonological development and language matched for age; and who had not PLD (5 male, 5 female). Children language levels were evaluated by Preschool Language Scale-4 test; or Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals, fourth edition (CELF-4) according to child's age. Speech sounds development was assessed by Speech Sound Development Test (SSDT). They were applied RGDT and/if necessary, RGDT-EXP. Each child responded whether he/she heard one or two tones. Their responses were taken as verbally and/or hold up one finger or two fingers. In the second test, they were applied speech discrimination test in quiet environment and in noise. Gap detection thresholds (GDTs) were detected at 500-4000 Hz; and Composite GDTs (CGDTs) were found for the study and control groups. GDT/CGDT > 20 ms was considered as abnormal for temporal processing disorder.
In the study group with PLD, mean of the GDTs were all over the normal limits; and in control group, mean of GDTs were all in normal limits. The difference between the mean GDTs of the study group were significantly higher than the control groups at all frequencies of 500-4000 Hz. In PLD group, CGDT (103.53 ± 11.63 ms) was significantly higher than that of the control group, (10.35 ± 0.65 ms) (p=0.021).
The children with PLD have difficulties in perception of speech sounds at a certain rate, even they have not language learning difficulties. Therefore, difficulty in distinguishing of speech sounds may cause especially receptive language development delay. We believe that perception of the speech sounds and language in a certain speed; and temporally degraded speech programmes should be incorporated into the training programme and may help to prevent delays.
Auris, nasus, larynx 02/2011; 38(1):6-13. · 0.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Primary tumors that originated from the pterygopalatine fossa are seen rarely. In this paper, the case of a 69-year-old woman who complained of a 2-month history of headache, extending to the left part of the face, teeth, and shoulder, is reported. She had undergone right total mastectomy and axillar dissection of a spindle cell-type metaplastic carcinoma of the breast 1 year ago. Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images showed a mass originating from the pterygopalatine fossa. Pathologic examination of the biopsy specimen of the mass revealed a nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with CD45 and intense CD56 staining. Our case shows that a nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma should be thought in mind for the differential diagnosis of primary tumors of the pterygopalatine fossa.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery 03/2010; 21(2):444-7. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this study, we evaluated the continuous and state anxiety levels of mothers with children with language delay.
The study group consisted of the mothers of 18 children with language delay. The control group consisted of the mothers of 29 healthy children without language delay. To gain data about mothers, a personal information form and Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form were applied to determine continuous and state-trait anxiety levels.
State anxiety levels in the study group were significantly higher (by Student t-test) than that of the control group. For continuous anxiety level, no statistically significant difference was determined between two groups. In the study group, higher education levels of mothers and their husbands were associated with lower levels of both continuous and state anxiety.
In the majority of the group of mothers with language delayed children and even mothers of children with normal language development, there were high levels concern. Mothers' concerns and anxiety levels may decrease with increasing levels of their education levels. We recommend providing detailed information regarding language development to the families at all stages of the childs' training programme.
Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale 01/2010; 33(1):E30-5. · 1.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether trace elements that are essential for neural function play a role in the pathophysiology and etiology of auditory neuropathy (AN).
Patients diagnosed with auditory neuropathy consisted of eight children (two male, six female). The blood tests including the measurement of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper and magnesium were done in children with AN during their routine care.
Of the eight children with AN, many had serum levels outside the normal range: one had low sodium, two had low potassium, one had low chloride, two had high zinc and three had low zinc, two had low calcium and two had higher than normal phosphorus.
Although some serum trace element levels in our patients were higher or lower than normal values, the mean values were within normal limits. Thus, we were unable to detect a relationship between serum trace element levels and AN-. In the future, larger studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.
Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale 01/2010; 33(3):E155-160. · 1.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Kabuki make-up syndrome (KMS) is defined as a rare syndrome with mental retardation, growth deficiency and multiple anomalies of unknown cause. Cases have a characteristic facial appearance of broad and low auricles, wide forehead, broad and flattened nose root. In this article, 4-year, 10-month-old boy with speech delay reported due to characteristics of the facial appearance is considered as KMS, a rare syndrome. Otological, audiological and developmental evaluation of the patient consisted of six parameters. (1) ENT examination: normal. (2) Audiological findings were at normal hearing levels. (3) General development (according to the Denver II test), was normal. (4) Language and speech development: receptive language development was 2 years more than the chronological age. However in expressive language development, there was 5-month delay which was likely to complete by training in a short time. (5) The development of speech sounds and articulation: the delay is observed in CVC words. Speech sounds of /l/, /t/, /r/ and /g/ were evaluated as "distorted expression". He used /v/ instead of /l/; /y/ instead of /r/; /d/ instead of /g/. (6) Observations: diffident, deficit in self-confidence, and difficulty in communicating have been observed.Unlike the cases in literature, mental retardation, growth deficiency and learning difficulties were not found in our case with KMS. Normal findings were obtained in five parameters. Only the /l/, /r/ and /g/ speech sounds were expressed as distorted. For our case, we planned to follow him in the future to see whether developmental and central auditory processing disorders will occur or not.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 10/2009; 73(12):1837-40. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In auditory neuropathy (AN) children with hearing aids (HAs) or cochlear implant (CI), the speech perception improvement may not be in a significant degree. These children may perform speech perception after a few repeats. This condition may show that these children had difficulties in receiving and processing speech sounds. If the children with AN cannot distinguish the heard tones one or two in Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT), their benefit performances between hearing aids or CI may not be significant. It is thought that the answer of this question is closely related with unique auditory processing performance of each child. The aim of the study is to investigate the RGDT and RGDT-Expanded (RGDT-EXP) performance of five children with AN.
In this study, RGDT was applied to five children with auditory neuropathy between ages of 7 and 13 years (study group) (3 male, 2 female). As a control group, RGDT was applied to 10 normal hearing children who had not auditory processing problem between ages of 7 and 16 years (5 male, 5 female). In the first test, all children were applied to RGDT and RGDT-EXP. Each child responded whether he/she heard one or two tones. Their responses were taken as verbally and/or hold up one finger or two fingers. In the second test, they were applied speech discrimination test in quiet environment and in noise. Gap detection thresholds (GDTs) were detected at 500-4000 Hz; and composite GDTs (CGDTs) were found for the study and control groups. GDT/CGDT>20 ms was considered as abnormal for temporal processing disorder.
Any of the children with AN who has no HAs; with HAs; and CI, could not be able to perform RGDT. Therefore the RGDT-EXP was applied in this group. In the study group, GDTs was all over 50 ms at 500-4000 Hz; and CGDTs were all over 50 ms for all children included into the study group with AN. In control group, except child 9 (GDTs were 25 ms at 3000 and 4000Hz); and child 10 (GDT was 25 ms at 500 Hz); GDTs were all in normal limits for 500-4000 Hz for all children included into the study as control group. CGDTs were all in normal limits for the control group, except child 9 (CGDTs were 22.50, slightly higher than normal limits). In the study group with AN, mean of the GDTs was all over the normal limits; and in control group, mean of GDTs were all in normal limits. The difference between the mean GDTs of the study group was significantly higher than the control groups at all frequencies of 500-4000. In AN group, CGDT (97.5+/-9.57 ms) was significantly higher than that of the control group (10.35+/-0.65 ms).
We concluded that these results may only not be explained by auditory processing performance or temporal aspects of audition of each child. Their gap detection was much worse for short duration stimuli than for longer duration stimuli. The present study showed that temporal processing, auditory timing and gap detection skills of the children with AN were found as delayed in advanced degree. These findings may indicate that the AN children cannot perform temporal asynchrony. Our results may help to understand why the children with AN cannot manage the speech perception; and why they understand the speech after a few repeats.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 09/2009; 73(11):1558-63. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are reflections of cochlear energy produced during the processing of sound. The suppression effect identified as the decrease with the additional tone stimulator of the otoacoustic emission amplitude is use for assessing efferent auditory system function. The aim of this study is to investigate the contralateral suppression effect (CSE) of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in children with auditory listening problems (ALPs) compared to normal hearing children.
The study group (Group 1) was consisted of 12 ALP children (8 males and 4 females), aged 5-10 years, and associated with receptive and expressive language delay. The control group was consisted of (Group 2) 12 children with normal hearing levels, matched according to gender and age of TEOAEs and CSE of TEOAEs were investigated at 1.0-4.0 kHz in both groups.
For right ear, at 1.0 and 3.0 kHz, TEOAE amplitudes of the ALP group were significantly lower than the control group. At 2.0, 4.0 and 5.0 kHz of the right ear and at 1.0-5.0 kHz of the left ear, TEOAE amplitudes were found as not different between ALP and control groups. Suppression values of the ALP group were significantly lower than the control group at 1.0-2.0 kHz of the right ear and at 2.0 kHz of the left ear. At the other frequencies, there was no significant difference between the suppression values of the ALP and control groups.
Lower suppression values in ALP group at all frequencies (significant at 1.0-2.0 and 2.0 kHz in the right and left ears, respectively) showed that cochlear and cranial maturation of the ALP group may lower than the control group. Since the age profile in both group is similar, we thought that age's effect on this results is not important. Our results showed that children with ALP have auditory processing difficulties in noisy environment. For understanding the efferent auditory system, patients with auditory processing disorders may be evaluated by the help of background noise.
Auris, nasus, larynx 06/2009; 37(1):47-54. · 0.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We investigated the hearing problems and tinnitus frequencies in adolescents at three public primary and two high schools.
This study was carried out at three public primary and two high schools. 428 Turkish school children (244 girls, 184 boys) were asked to voluntarily answer a set of questionnaires in their classrooms at the beginning of the training program. There were 250 students (105 male, 145 female) in Primary School and 178 (79 male, 99 female) students in High School. We used questionnaire to evaluate subjective tinnitus and hearing problems. Walkman usage, listening loud and noisy music, intra-familial physical trauma, concentration difficulty in class and school success were also evaluated.
In age-related groups (Group 1=11-13 years; Group 2=13-15 years; Group 3=16-18 years), hearing loss was present in 32.1% of Group 1, 19% of Group 2 and 28.3% of Group 3. Listening loud and noisy music was reported in 81.8% of Group 1, 95.4% of Group 2 and 87% of Group 3. Tinnitus was present 36.8% in Group 2, 33.5% in Group 1 and 31.5% in Group 3. Tinnitus after listening loud music was present in 42.7% of Group 2, 36.1% of Group 3 and 25.6% of Group 1. Among all students with tinnitus, 19.5% considered their school success as very good, 41.1% as good and 39.4% as bad. In students, using Walkman, tinnitus was seen both in the right and left ears.
Tinnitus may be seen in adolescents at primary and high schools. Listening loud and noisy music and Walkman usage may cause an increase in the frequency of tinnitus manifestation. Adolescents should be educated about the hazardous effects of loud music. Education should include families, teachers, students, and whole community. These issues should be taken into public health policy of the countries.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 06/2009; 73(8):1124-31. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to investigate the potential hazardous effects of 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications-like (GSM-like) Radiofrequency (RF) exposure on the cochlear functions of female infant and adult rabbits by measuring Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) response amplitudes.
Eighteen each one-month-old New Zealand White female rabbits and eighteen each 13-month-old adult rabbits were included into the study. They were randomly divided into four groups. Nine infant rabbits (Group 1) were not exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF (Infant Control, C-In). Nine infant rabbits (Group 2) were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF, 15 min daily for 7 days after they reached one-month of age (Infant RF, RF-In). Nine adult rabbits were not exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF, 15 min daily for 7 (Adult Control, C-Ad). Nine adult rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF, 15 min daily for 7 days (Adult RF, RF-Ad). Cochlear functions were assessed by DPOAEs at 1.0-8.0 kHz.
At 1.0-2.0 and 6.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE values of Group 2 were significantly higher than that of Group 1. At 3.0-8.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE values of Group 4 were significantly lower than that of Group 1. At 6.0-8.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE values of Group 2 were significantly higher than that of Group 3. At 1.0-8.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE values of Group 4 were significantly lower than that of Group 2. At 1.0-8.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE values of Group 4 were significantly lower than that of Group 3.
Harmful effects of GSM-like 1800 MHz RF exposure was detected more in the adult female rabbits than infant female rabbits by DPOAE measurement. Prolonged exposure and hyperthermia related to the power density of applied RFR, increasing the temperature in the ear canal, may decrease the DPOAE amplitudes. Water containing medium in the middle ear of infant rabbits may play the protective role **from the RF damage.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 06/2009; 73(8):1143-7. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of listening ability on speaking, writing and reading skills of children who was suspected of auditory processing difficulty (APD).
This research was conducted with 67 children in 1st or 2nd grade of primary school. The first group (Group I-control) was comprised of 41 children without APD. The second group (Group II-study group) was comprised of 26 children with APD. Listening, speaking, reading and writing skills were evaluated by Observational Rating Scale (ORS) and analyzed in both groups.
Listening value of ORS in APD group was significantly lower; and, speaking, reading and writing values of ORS in APD group were significantly higher than control group (p=0.000). It was also found that, the main effect of listening skills was on speaking in normal childs, and on writing ability in children with APD.
It was concluded that, for school-aged children, APD can lead to or is associated with difficulties in written language.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 06/2009; 73(8):1137-42. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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Nuray Bayar Muluk
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ABSTRACT: This prospective study investigated the multi-item patient functions of health concepts using the SF-36 Health Survey in tinnitus patients with a high jugular bulb (HJB).
The study group consisted of 10 adult tinnitus patients (7 males, 3 females) with an HJB on temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The control group consisted of 10 healthy patients with normal hearing levels (7 males and 3 females) without tinnitus. Using a questionnaire, a tinnitus loudness level score (TLL-Sc) was found. Using the SF-36 questionnaire, eight health concepts were evaluated: physical functioning (PF), role limitations due to physical problems (RP), social functioning (SF), bodily pain (BP), general mental health (MH), role limitations due to emotional problems (RE), vitality (VT), and general health perceptions (GH).
SF and VT scores were significantly lower in the study group (p < .05). As the duration of the tinnitus increased, sleep problems and impaired SF-36 scores were seen. Higher TLL-Scs did not cause lower quality of life (QOL) scores, even though they are associated with significantly higher sleep disturbance. In males, TLL-Scs seem to be higher and SF-36 domains lower than in females. Older patients have lower TLL-Scs and do not have impaired HJB-related QOL results, although they do have sleep problems.
Longer tinnitus duration, male gender, and sleeping problems may impair QOL. With higher TLL-Scs, QOL results are not lower owing to patients' getting used to living with their tinnitus. According to the SF-36 Health Survey, tinnitus patients appear to have a higher level of emotional disability than physical disability.
Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale 05/2009; 38(2):166-71. · 0.71 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Humans are continuously exposed to an extremely low frequency (ELF) of electromagnetic fields (EMF), transmitted from the common sources like power stations, electric transmission lines, communication and radio-television signal transmission units. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 5.068 kV/m and 10.182 kV/m electric fields, which refer to the lower and upper intensity limits beyond which hazardous effects can be observed, on the auditory functions of rabbits via transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) recordings.
The study was performed on 20 healthy adult female New Zealand White rabbits randomly divided into two groups and applied either 5.068 kV/m (Group 1) or 10.182 kV/m (Group 2) of electric field for 3h/day for 14 days. TEOAE responses were recorded on day 0 before the exposure (0-BE) and on the 6th (6th-AE) and 14th (14th-AE) days after the exposure (AE). Emission amplitudes at 1.0-4.0 kHz were analyzed.
In Groups 1 and 2, the amplitudes separately recorded on the 6th-AE day were not different from the amplitudes recorded on day 0-BE. On the 6th-AE day, the only significant difference was detected in the right ear recordings of Group 1 at the frequency of 1.5 kHz (p=0.007). In Group 1, at 1.5 kHz, the median 6th day AE value (3.8 dB SPL) for the right ear was significantly lower than the median BE value. No significant difference in terms of amplitudes was detected in the comparison of 14th day AE with day 0-BE recordings. In the comparison of the groups for the recordings obtained at all the time points, no statistically significant differences were found.
It was concluded that the TEOAE decrease at 1.5 kHz of the right ears of Group 1 on the 6th day AE was transient; and on the 14th day AE, no significant decrease was determined in the TEOAEs of both groups. Our results showed that the ELF EMFs have no significant effects on the hearing sensation of rabbits, the cochlear functions of whose were evaluated using TEOAE recordings.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 02/2009; 73(3):429-36. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To determine the effects of 1800 MHz GSM-like Radiofrequency (RFR) on the cochlear functions of pregnant adult rabbits by Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs).
Eighteen 13-month-old pregnant and eighteen 13-month-old non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were studied. They were randomly divided into four groups. Nine pregnant rabbits (Group 2) and nine non-pregnant rabbits (Group 4) were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RFR 15 min daily for 7 days. Nine pregnant (Group 1) and nine non-pregnant rabbits (Group 3) were not exposed to GSM like RFR. Cochlear functions were assessed by DPOAEs at 1.0-8.0 kHz.
In all pregnant groups except 2.0 kHz, DPOAE amplitudes were not different in Group 2 and Group1. In Group 4, DPOAE amplitudes at 1.0-4.0 kHz (-1.68 dB SPL at 1.0 kHz, 3.05 dB SPL at 1.5 kHz, 2.96 dB SPL at 2.0 kHz, 1.30 dB SPL at 3.0 kHz and 12.22 dB SPL at 4.0 kHz) were lower than Group 3 (8.67 dB SPL at 1.0 kHz, 17.67 dB SPL at 1.5 kHz, 26.10 dB SPL at 2.0 kHz, 18.10 dB SPL at 3.0 kHz and 35.13 dB SPL at 4.0 kHz) (P < 0.0125). In the pregnant group, harmful effects of GSM-like RFR were less than in the non-pregnant group.
GSM-like RFR caused decreases in DPOAE amplitudes mainly in non-pregnant adult rabbits. Prolonged exposure may affect the DPOAE amplitude. Recommendations are given to prevent the potential hazardous effects of RF in humans.
Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale 02/2009; 32(2):E112-6. · 1.15 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To compare the efficacy and safety of preincisional high-dose ropivacaine with bupivacaine in relieving posttonsillectomy pain.
A prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
University hospital.
Before the incision, 58 subjects were randomly assigned to receive 10 mL of 10 mg/mL ropivacaine hydrochloride with epinephrine (n=19, group 1), 10 mL of 2.5 mg/mL bupivacaine with epinephrine (n=20, group 2), or saline with epinephrine (n=19, group 3) as a placebo.
Postoperative pain, additional analgesic drug consumption, otalgia, operating time, amount of intraoperative blood loss, and possible complications were assessed. The intensity of pain was scored on a visual analogue scale. The patients were followed up for 10 days after surgery.
There were no statistically significant differences between the demographic and operational characteristics of the patient groups. Statistically significant differences were determined between in the mean intensity of constant and swallowing pain values of group 1 and group 2 or 3, at 4, 8, and 12 hours, and on days 1, 2, 3, and 4, postoperatively. However, no statistical differences were determined between the groups on days 5, 7, and 10. A lower amount of additional analgesic drug was consumed by the ropivacaine group than by the bupivacaine group, and by the bupivacaine group than by the control group, and the differences were statistically significant.
Preincisional infiltration of the tonsils with high-dose ropivacaine markedly decreased the intensity of pain after tonsillectomy when compared with bupivacaine or placebo, especially until postoperative day 4 in adults.
Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale 01/2009; 37(6):836-43. · 0.71 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential hazardous effects of intrauterine (IU) and/or extrauterine (EU) exposure to 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Communications-like (GSM-like) radiofrequency (RF) on the cochlear functions of infant rabbits by measuring distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) response amplitudes.
Thirty-six white infant male New Zealand rabbits each 1-month-old were included in the study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups. Nine infant rabbits (Group 1) were not exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF (Control-C). Nine infant rabbits (Group 2) were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF, 15 min daily for 14 days after they reached 1-month of age (extrauterine-EU). Nine infant rabbits (Group 3) were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF, 15 min daily for 7 days in the intrauterine period (between 15th and 22nd days of the gestational period) (intrauterine-IU). Nine infant rabbits (Group 4) were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF, 15 min daily for 7 days in the intrauterine period (between 15th and 22nd days of the gestational period) and 15 min daily for 14 days after they reached to 1-month of age (IU+EU). The cochlear functions were assessed by DPOAEs at 1.0-8.0 kHz.
At 1.5 kHz, the mean DPOAE amplitude of Group 3 was higher than that of the controls and Group 2; and the mean DPOAE value of Group 4 was higher than that of the controls and Group 2. At 2.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE amplitude of Group 4 was higher than that of Group 2. At 3.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE amplitude of Group 4 was higher than that of the controls and Group 2. At 4.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE amplitude of Group 2 was lower than that of the controls, while the mean value of Group 4 was higher than the mean value of the controls and Group 2. At 6.0 kHz, the mean DPOAE amplitude of Group 2 was lower than that of the control group; however, the mean value of Group 4 was higher than that of Group 2. At 1.0 and 8.0 kHz, no significant differences were found among the four groups.
Prolonged exposure and hyperthermia related to the power density of applied RF, increasing the temperature in the ear canal, may affect DPOAE amplitudes. Harmful effects of RF are mainly observed as a decrease in DPOAE amplitudes at 4.0-6.0 kHz during extrauterine exposure in infancy. During the intrauterine period, the water content of the middle and inner ear and amnion fluid may play a protective role. Therefore, children must be protected from RF exposure. The use of mobile phones at short distances from the ear of the infants should be avoided because of the lower thickness of the anatomical structure in infancy.
International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 01/2009; 73(3):391-9. · 0.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Humans are continuously exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF), electromagnetic fields (EMF), transmitted from the common sources like power stations, electric transmission lines, communication and radio-television signal transmission units. The present study aimed to assess the effects of 50 Hz ELF-EMF of 5.068 and 10.182 kV/m electric fields, which refer to the lower and upper intensity limits beyond which hazardous effects can be observed, on the auditory functions of rabbits via Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE) recordings.
The study was performed on 20 healthy adult female New Zealand White rabbits randomly divided into two groups and applied 50 Hz ELF-EMF with either 5.068 kV/m (Group 1) or 10.182 kV/m (Group 2) of electric field for 3h/day during 14 days. DPOAE responses recorded on the 0th day before exposure (B-EMF) and on the 6th (A-EMF-6th) and 14th (A-EMF-14th) days after exposure (AE). Mean stimulus intensity and emission amplitudes at 1.0-8.0 kHz were analyzed.
In Group 2 rabbits, on 6th and 14th days, the DPOAE amplitudes were observed as increased at 1.5-4.0 kHz (at 2.0 and 4.0 kHz significantly) than B-EMF values. At 6.0 kHz, A-EMF-14th amplitudes were significantly lower than A-EMF values.
These results suggest that ELF EMFs might affect hearing functions by frequency dependent manner. Higher ELF EMFs exposure caused increase of cochlear activity. Ototoxic effect of 10.182 kV/m ELF EMFs may begin at the basal turn of the cochlea by reducing DPOAEs at high frequencies.
Auris, nasus, larynx 08/2008; 36(3):255-62. · 0.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of topotecan, a topoisomerase I-inhibiting anticancer agent, on hematologic parameters and serum levels of trace elements. The study was conducted on three groups consisting of 16 and 18 rabbits in the study groups and 15 rabbits in the control group. Rabbits in group I (n = 16) received high-dose topotecan intravenously (i.v.; 0.5 mg/kg once daily), while rabbits in group II (n = 18) received low-dose topotecan i.v. (0.25 mg/kg once daily) for 3 days. The 15 rabbits comprising the control group did not receive topotecan. Serum samples were collected from each rabbit on the first day, before the treatment, and on the 15th day of treatment. Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, white blood cell count, thrombocyte count, and trace elements such as selenium, copper, lead, zinc, and cobalt were analyzed. Hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte counts were lower in both study groups than in the control group. However, thrombocyte and leukocyte counts were similar in all three groups (p > 0.005). Serum trace element levels (copper, lead, zinc, and cobalt) did not differ significantly between groups. However, serum selenium levels were significantly lower in both study groups than the control group (p < 0.001). The results revealed that topotecan treatment causes a decrease in erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin levels due to bone marrow suppression, and these effects must be taken into account during treatment. In addition, selenium supplementation might be helpful in cancer patients receiving topotecan to increase the effect of the chemotherapeutic agent.
Biological Trace Element Research 05/2008; 124(2):129-34. · 1.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This prospective study investigated the risk of respiratory distress in the patients who were applied nasal packing at the end of nasal surgery; and effects of nasal packing on consciousness level while the patients were awake or asleep, measured by Bispectral Index (BIS).
The study group consisted of 15 adult patients (10 male, 5 female), who were applied nasal packing at the end of nasal surgery. The control group consisted of 15 adult patients (10 male, 5 female), who received general anesthesia for various reasons. In the study and control groups, BIS index, respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, pulse per minute and blood pressure were measured at seven different times.
There was no statistically significant difference between BIS indexes of the study and control groups. In the fourth hour after sleep (AS-4h), respiratory rate of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group. In the fourth hour after the anesthesia (AA-4h), oxygen saturation value of the study group was lower than that of the control group.
We conclude that in patients who are applied nasal packing at the end of nasal surgery; at AA-4h and AS-4h times, there may be risk of decrease in the oxygen saturation and respiratory rate parameters, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor non-invasive respiratory parameters and to give enriched oxygen by an oral catheter.
Auris, nasus, larynx 04/2008; 35(4):521-6. · 0.58 Impact Factor
