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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the application of gaseous ozone and Nd:YAG laser on glass-fibre post bond strength. Forty-two madibular premolar roots were cut, endodontically instrumented and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl. Post spaces were prepared and roots were divided into three groups (n = 14). The antimicrobial pretreatment was conducted as follows: gaseous ozone, Nd:YAG laser and control (no additional disinfection methods). Scanning electron microscope analysis was made for each group (n = 2). A resin cement was used for luting the posts. For push-out test, each root was cut horizontally (two cervical, two middle and two apical). Statistical analyses were performed with one-way anova (α = 0.05). Fracture types were observed. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in cervical and apical segments of laser and control groups (P < 0.05). The disinfection of the post spaces with Nd:YAG laser and ozone had no adverse effects on bond strength of glass-fibre post.
Australian Endodontic Journal 12/2012; 38(3):118-23. · 0.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of two NiTi rotary apical preparation techniques used with an electronic apex locator-integrated endodontic motor and a manual technique to create an apical stop at a predetermined level (0.5 mm short of the apical foramen) in teeth with disrupted apical constriction, and to evaluate microleakage following obturation in such prepared teeth.
85 intact human mandibular permanent incisors with single root canal were accessed and the apical constriction was disrupted using a #25 K-file. The teeth were embedded in alginate and instrumented to #40 using rotary Lightspeed or S-Apex techniques or stainless-steel K-files. Distance between the apical foramen and the created apical stop was measured to an accuracy of 0.01 mm. In another set of instrumented teeth, root canals were obturated using gutta-percha and sealer, and leakage was tested at 1 week and 3 months using a fluid filtration device.
All techniques performed slightly short of the predetermined level. Closest preparation to the predetermined level was with the manual technique and the farthest was with S-Apex. A significant difference was found between the performances of these two techniques (p<0.05). Lightspeed ranked in between. Leakage was similar for all techniques at either period. However, all groups leaked significantly more at 3 months compared to 1 week (p<0.05).
Despite statistically significant differences found among the techniques, deviations from the predetermined level were small and clinically acceptable for all techniques. Leakage following obturation was comparable in all groups.
Journal of applied oral science: revista FOB 06/2011; 19(4):350-4. · 0.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with one remaining cavity wall restored using different post systems. Forty-eight maxillary premolars were endodontically treated and randomly assigned to four groups for postcore restoration. The first three test groups were restored with polyethylene woven fiber posts, custom-made glass fiber-reinforced composite posts, and titanium posts respectively. In the control Group 4, standardized cavities (3.5 x 1.5 mm) were prepared in the palatal canal entrance and filled with a resin composite. All the specimens were then restored with a resin composite crown seated on the post. Load was applied with a stainless steel ball (1 mm/min), and the failure modes of all specimens were evaluated. There were no significant differences in fracture resistance and failure mode among the different restorative materials (p>0.05). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that the presence and type of post did not influence the fracture load and failure mode of maxillary premolar teeth with one remaining cavity wall.
Dental Materials Journal 05/2010; 29(3):262-7. · 1.14 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of operating microscope in combination with ultrasonics increased the rate of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal detection in permanent maxillary first molar teeth. A hundred extracted human maxillary first molars were assessed. After location of the main canals, the MB2 canal was sought in all teeth first without microscopy, then with the aid of the operating microscope and finally with the combined use of the operating microscope and ultrasonics. With these techniques, the MB2 canal was detected in 62%, 67% and 74% of the teeth, respectively. The combination of the operating microscope and ultrasonics detected significantly more MB2 canals than when no microscopy was utilized (P < 0.05). Sectioning of the roots disclosed the presence of the MB2 canal in 82% of the teeth. Twenty-nine per cent of the teeth had a separate MB2 canal orifice and separate apical foramina. The results of this study suggested that the combined use of the operating microscope and ultrasonics increased the detection of MB2 canals in maxillary first permanent molars.
Australian Endodontic Journal 01/2009; 34(3):106-9. · 0.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 2 apex locator integrated endodontic motors during retreatment of root-end resected teeth by using 40 extracted incisor teeth. The apical 3 mm of the roots were resected, and the root lengths were recorded as resected length of the roots. Forty roots were randomly divided into 2 groups of 20 to evaluate the 2 handpieces, Tri Auto ZX and TCM Endo V. The working lengths measured during the auto reverse function and during the electronic apex locator function with Tri Auto ZX and TCM Endo V were recorded and compared with resected length of the roots. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analyses. Electronic apex locator functions of both devices might be used for apical accuracy, but the auto reverse functions might not be useful to 0.0-mm accuracy in retreatment procedures of root-end resected teeth.
Journal of Endodontics 01/2008; 33(12):1444-6. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of roots obturated with different materials.
Sixty root canals were instrumented and divided into 4 equal groups (n = 15 each). The root canals in group 1 were filled with AH26 sealer and gutta-percha, in group 2 with Resilon and Epiphany, and in group 3 with Ketac-Endo Aplicap and gutta-percha. Fifteen root canals had no obturation. The force required to fracture was recorded. The data was analyzed with analysis of variance and Duncan test.
The mean force of fracture for group 1 was significantly higher than for the other 3 groups (P < .05). There was significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (P < .05). Group 2 and group 3 were not significantly different from the control group (P > .05).
The use of AH26 + gutta-percha increased the fracture resistance of instrumented root canals compared with Resilon + Epiphany and Ketac-Endo Aplicap + gutta-percha.
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics 12/2007; 104(5):705-8. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors conducted an in vitro study to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of a recently introduced thermoplastic, synthetic, polymer-based polyester root canal core material (Resilon, Resilon Research, Madison, Conn.) against five different microorganisms by means of the agar diffusion test over different periods.
The microorganisms tested were Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Candida albicans. A microbiologist transferred Resilon cones and gutta-percha cones to the inoculated agar and incubated them at 37 C, either aerobically or anaerobically, as required for optimal growth.
The Resilon cones exhibited no antimicrobial effect against any of the bacteria tested, except for S. aureus. It showed antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus during the first 24-hour period (P < .05). However, after 48 and 72 hours, Resilon cones no longer inhibited the growth of S. aureus. In addition, the material demonstrated no antifungal activity during any of the three testing periods.
The results of this study indicate that the antibacterial and antifungal efficacy of the Resilon cone is not superior to that of conventional gutta-percha.
Clinicians should not use the new root canal core material for its antimicrobial or antifungal efficacy.
Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) 09/2007; 138(9):1228-32. · 1.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We aimed to describe a computer-controlled testing device and evaluate the amount of material removed by using 4 Ni-Ti systems in simulated root canals. Eighty resin blocks were used. Hero 642, Hero Shaper, ProFile, and ProTaper rotary instruments were used to prepare the canals. Operator-related variables were standardized with the aforementioned device. Preoperative/postoperative photographic images of canals were measured at 11 levels from the apical tip. Statistical analyses were done with one-way analysis of variance, Tukey honestly significant difference, and Bonferroni tests. Significantly more material was removed by the ProTaper at 9 levels, ProFile at 6, and Hero 642 at 2 levels (P < .05); no significant difference was determined at 5 levels. Our results showed that ProTaper and ProFile removed significantly more material than Hero 642 and Hero Shaper at different levels of the curved root canals under controlled conditions of operator-related variables.
Journal of Endodontics 09/2007; 33(9):1117-20. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on the sealing ability of a new root canal filling material.
Seventy-two extracted teeth were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha/AH-Plus and Resilon/Epiphany sealer by the lateral compaction technique. The teeth were divided randomly into 4 groups, and the post space was prepared either immediately after filling or after the obturated teeth had been stored in saline at 37 degrees C for a week. Leakage was determined by a fluid-transport device.
The results showed that immediate post space preparation of the Resilon/Epiphany-filled group had a mean leakage value of 0.81 microL/h, whereas the delayed preparation had a mean leakage value of 0.75 microL/h. No difference (P > .05) in microleakage was found between gutta-percha/AH-Plus and Resilon/Epiphany-filled groups after immediate preparation. There was significant difference between gutta-percha/AH-Plus and Resilon/Epiphany groups in the delayed post space preparation (P < .05).
Epiphany/Resilon obturation achieved better sealing than gutta-percha/AH-Plus at the apical end, especially in delayed post space preparation when mechanical techniques were used.
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics 06/2007; 103(6):e61-4. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The antibacterial and antifungal effects of medicated gutta-percha (MGP) over different time periods have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial and antifungal effectiveness of MGP and regular gutta-percha cones over different time periods using the disk diffusion method.
Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were spread onto Mueller-Hinton agar, and Candida albicans was spread onto Sabouraud agar supplemented with glucose. Same-size MGP cones, conventional gutta-percha cones and disks impregnated with povidone-iodine were placed on the inoculated plates. The dishes were incubated at 37 degrees C aerobically. Growth inhibition zones were inspected and measured at 24, 48 and 72 hours. For each strain, experiments were performed in triplicate. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare k independent samples.
The disks impregnated with povidone-iodine inhibited all bacterial strains for up to 72 hours. No inhibition zones were seen around regular gutta-percha cones. MGP inhibited the growth of all bacteria over 24 hours, but in some cases these effects did not continue over longer periods. Specifically, the antimicrobial properties of MGP cones against E. coli and P. aeruginosa disappeared by 48 and 72 hours. Regardless of time and bacterial strain, MGP was statistically more effective than regular gutta-percha (p < 0.05). Povidone-iodine and MGP were effective against C. albicans for up to 72 hours, but regular gutta-percha exhibited no antifungal activity.
The antimicrobial and antifungal characteristics of MGP may offer additional advantages over conventional gutta-percha.
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) 11/2006; 72(8):733. · 1.00 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Obtaining the cleanest canal possible before obturation is one of the goals of endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the smear layer removal capability of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) application with passive ultrasonic and cotton wrapped on reamer activation. Twelve extracted human teeth with single root canals were used for the study. They were conventionally hand instrumented using reamers and K files. The apical aspect of the canals was enlarged to a #40 file. The teeth were divided into 4 four groups, instrumented and irrigated as follows: Group-A EDTA agitated at the end of preparation with cotton wrapped on a reamer for 1 min; Group-B EDTA applied with ultrasonic agitation for 1 min; Group-C irrigated with EDTA+sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (negative control group); and Group-D irrigated with distilled water (positive control group). After scanning electron microscopic study at three different levels, smear layer and dentinal tubules were scored. Means were tested for significance using the Z test. When the techniques were compared, the cotton wrapped on reamer agitation method was as successful as the ultrasonic activation of the files. Although all groups had significantly higher smear layer scores at apical compared to coronal sections, no significant differences were recorded.
The journal of contemporary dental practice 03/2006; 7(1):9-16.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of composite resin cured within simulated root canals by means of light-transmitting plastic posts, glass-fiber-reinforced composite posts, and conventional light curing method. Thirty black plastic cylinders measuring 15 mm in length and 4 mm in internal diameter were divided into three groups. The composite resin was packed into simulated canals. The light-transmitting plastic posts and glass-fiber-reinforced composite posts were inserted into simulated canals and light cured for 90 seconds. The control group was light cured directly. To ensure continual change of material properties by increasing the length of material, a surface microhardness test was done 2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, and 14 mm from the light exposure surface. The results showed a significant increase in microhardness of composite resin (depth of cure) for both light-transmitting plastic posts and glass-fiber-reinforced composite posts compared with the control group. The microhardness of composite resin was also significantly higher with light-transmitting plastic posts than glass-fiber-reinforced composite posts after 8 mm.
Journal of Endodontics 03/2005; 31(2):104-6. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the amount of remaining tooth structure and possibility of producing lateral perforation following the use of different diameters of parallel-sided Parapost drills in groups of different canal curvatures (0 degrees-15 degrees, 16 degrees-25 degrees, 26 degrees <) in distal canals of first and second mandibular molar teeth. After enlargement of root canals using the crown-down pressureless technique, Parapost drills #1, #2, and #3 were used in the different canal groups for the preparation of a post space. Standardized digital radiographs were taken before the post space preparation and after each Parapost drill application. Four horizontal lines (a, b, c, and d) were drawn at equal distances on these images, starting from the pulp chamber floor moving apically at 2 mm increments. There were no significant differences between the different curvature groups at the a, b, c, and d levels for the critical level of the remaining tooth structure (multiple comparison test; p>0.05). However, in considering root perforation, both at the inner and outer side of the roots, there were statistically significant differences at "c" and "d" levels in group 3 (#3 drill) without taking into account the root curvature (ANOVA; p< 0.5). None of the specimens showed strip perforation.
The journal of contemporary dental practice 09/2004; 5(3):42-50.
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microhardness of packable composite compacted with hand or ultrasonic pluggers in post spaces. A total of 168 extracted human anterior teeth were prepared with Gates Glidden and ParaPost drills after obturation. A primer and a dentin-bonding agent were applied to the etched surface. Half of the specimens were compacted with an ultrasonic tip and the other half with a mechanical hand compactor and all specimens were polymerized for each increment. The roots were then sectioned horizontally from 0, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 mm starting from the coronal and sliced 2.5-mm long. The microhardness test was applied to each specimen. There were statistically significant differences between ultrasonically and hand-condensed groups in whole specimens (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups of 0, 2.5, and 3 mm until 3.5 mm was reached. After 3.5-mm depth, there were significant differences between the groups (p < 0.001). Ultrasonic condensation of packable composites provided mechanical advantage over hand condensation in root canals measuring microhardness in different depths. However, when microhardness was measured at different depths, values decreased after the depth of 3.5 mm in both condensation groups.
Journal of Endodontics 01/2004; 30(1):51-3. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The incidence of interappointment emergencies in symptomatic and asymptomatic teeth with necrotic pulps was evaluated, and severity of flare-ups was determined by a quantitative method using a flare-up index. There were no significant differences in the incidence of flare-ups attributable to gender, age, diameter of lesion, taking analgesics, placebos, or no medication, or preoperative symptomatic or asymptomatic tooth diagnoses (p > 0.05). There were significantly more painful flare-ups in mandibular teeth than in maxillary (p < 0.05).
Journal of Endodontics 05/2002; 28(5):375-7. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the apical and coronal microleakage of a packable composite material compacted by either hand or ultrasonic condensers when placed in post spaces. Forty-two extracted anterior teeth were used. After conventional obturation of the root canals, parallel post spaces 5 mm in depth and 2 mm in diameter were prepared using Gates Glidden and diamond burs. A primer and a dentin bonding agent (Prime & Bond NT) was applied to the etched surface for 30 seconds and light polymerized for 40 seconds. Surefil packable composite resin was inserted in four equal increments and each polymerized for 40 seconds. Half of the specimens were compacted with an ultrasonic tip and the other half with a mechanical hand compactor. After immersion in the dye, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and microleakage recorded in mm. A One-Way Analysis of Variance indicated the two condensing methods were not statistically different (p>0.05). When microleakage was compared within groups, there was also no statistical difference between coronal or apical microleakage (p>0.05). In an in vitro environment, ultrasonic condensers do not offer any advantage over hand condensers. Both the coronal and apical portions of the root had microleakage indicating that regardless of the condensation method and the use of a packable composite, there is still microleakage that could potentially create further clinical problems.
The journal of contemporary dental practice 05/2002; 3(2):23-30.
