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ABSTRACT: Objective of study was to determine the histological change induced in the conchae by submucosal diathermy and radiofrequency thermal ablation, two techniques used in the treatment of lower conchal hypertrophy, and to compare the two methods to each other. The study was performed on 15 rabbits. Radiofrequency was applied to the study animals in Group I (n = 5) and submucosal diathermy to Group II (n = 5), while Group III (n = 5) was the untreated control. The animals were decapitated 21 days after treatment and their conchae nasales ventrales excised on both sides. Histology slides were prepared and evaluated by light microscopy for ciliary loss, increase in submucosal vascularity, loss of goblet cells, inflammatory cellular infiltration, fibrosis and epithelial damage. The differences between Groups I and III were not significant regarding ciliary loss, increase in submucosal vascularity, loss of goblet cells and epithelial damage (p > 0.05), while the inflammatory cellular infiltration and fibrosis were significantly different between these groups (p < 0.05). As for the differences between Groups II and III, they were significant for each of the compared parameters (p < 0.05), while among Groups I and II they were significant for ciliary loss (p < 0.05), increase in submucosal vascularity, loss of goblet cells, inflammatory cellular infiltration and epithelial damage but not fibrosis (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, we can state that the use of radiofrequency thermal ablation causes less change in the normal conchal histology than submucosal diathermy application.
Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 03/2013; · 1.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: ObjectiveIt was previously described that endothelins may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease. In this study, it was
aimed to investigate the effects of endothelin receptor blockade by bosentan on the healing of a bowel anastomosis in an experimental
Crohn’s disease model.
Material and MethodsTwenty-eight Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Groups I and II were used as sham-operated and control groups,
respectively. Bowel inflammation induced by intrajejunal injection of iodoacetamide in groups III and IV. Rats in group IV
were treated with oral preparation of bosentan 60mg/kg/day. Three days after induction of the inflammation, partial resection
of test loop and anastomosis was performed. Re-laparotomy was performed, anastomosis bursting pressures and peritonitis scores
were measured, and tissue samples were obtained for the measurements of tissue hydroxylproline level and mucosal damage index
4days later.
ResultsThe mean mucosal damage index and peritonitis score of group IV were significantly lower, and the mean tissue hydroxyproline
level and anastomotic bursting pressure of group IV were significantly higher than those of group III.
ConclusionThe blockade of endothelin receptors by bosentan decreases the severity of iodoacetamide induced intestinal inflammation,
increases the wound healing in the inflamed intestinal tissue, and decreases the severity of peritonitis.
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 04/2012; 12(8):1429-1435. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of octreotide against oxidative damage in rabbit conjunctiva and cornea exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Twenty rabbits weighing 2,500-3,000 g were used and we divided them into 4 groups with randomly selected 5 rabbits. Rabbits were exposed to 2 J/cm(2)/h of ultraviolet A radiation (UVA) in the range 320-405 nm for 12 h per day for 90 days. Group 1 did not receive any treatment or UVA exposure (control group). Group 2 was only exposed to UVA radiation (UVA group). Group 3 received 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA (PUVA group). Group 4 was treated with 8-methoxypsoralen + UVA + octreotide (octreotide group). At the end of 90 days the rabbits were killed by decapitation and then eyes were enucleated. Both eyes of each rabbit were used for histopathologic evaluation. Histopathologic analysis of each group indicated that UVA group and PUVA group showed increasing edema (p<0.01), inflammation (p<0.05), fibroblast proliferation (p<0.05), dysplasia (p<0.05), hyperchromasia (p<0.01) in the conjunctiva. Octreotide group had significant protective effect in comparison with the UVA group and PUVA group. The UVA group and PUVA group showed increasing proliferation (p<0.01), dysplasia (p<0.01), hyperchromasia (p<0.01), pyknosis (p<0.001) and parakeratosis (p<0.01) in the corneal epithelium. Octreotide group showed similar results with control group. We conclude that octreotide which is considered as free radical scavenger protects the eye from the damaging effect of UV exposure.
Documenta Ophthalmologica 04/2012; 110(2-3):193-201. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effect of intravitreal tacrolimus on an animal model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and on growth factors implicated in its pathogenesis.
Twenty-one guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of three groups of seven animals each: no-PVR/saline group (no PVR/intravitreal saline-injected group), PVR/saline group (dispase-induced PVR group, treated with control injections of intravitreal saline), and PVR/tacrolimus group (treatment group, dispase-induced PVR group treated with intravitreal tacrolimus injections). At the end of the experiment, eyes were enucleated and the identification of the stages of PVR was carried out. While a halves of the enucleated globes were evaluated histopathologically for PVR formation, the retinas of the other halves of globes were used for the preparation of retinal homogenates. The transforming growth factor-β, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor levels in homogenized retina tissues were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
When assessing the average PVR stages in terms of severe PVR rates, the PVR/tacrolimus group had significantly improved when compared with the PVR/saline group. The PVR/tacrolimus group demonstrated significantly decreased levels of transforming growth factor-β, platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor when compared with the PVR/saline group and also demonstrated significant improvement in epiretinal membrane formation and retinal fold in the presence of histopathologic levels. The difference in degradation of photoreceptor cells between the PVR/tacrolimus and the PVR/saline groups was not statistically significant.
This study suggests that intravitreal tacrolimus application may suppress PVR development and that tacrolimus may merit investigation for the prophylaxis of PVR.
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) 09/2011; 32(2):232-41. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the impact of tacrolimus on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in experimental corneal neovascularization (NV) immunohistochemically.
Five groups of seven Wistar albino rats were formed. A silver nitrate cauterization technique was used to induce corneal NV in the study groups, excluding Group 1 (Control Group). Rats in group 1 did not receive any treatment. Rats in group 2 (sham 1) were administered 1 ml of saline intraperitoneally once a day and those in group 3 (sham 2) received one drop of saline four times a day. Rats in group 4 were administered 0.3 mg/kg tacrolimus intraperitoneally once a day. For group 5, 0.3 mg/ml tacrolimus was installed four times a day. Digital photography for each cornea was performed and the percentage area of the NV on the total corneal surface was calculated. The intensity of VEGF immunostaining in the epithelial, the stromal, and endothelial layers was performed in a semi quantitative fashion.
The mean percentages of the neovascularized areas of intraperitoneally and topically tacrolimus-treated groups were lesser than those of the sham groups (p = 0.002, p = 0.038, respectively). The mean intensity of the epithelial VEGF immunostaining of the intraperitoneally tacrolimus-treated group was less than that of its sham group (p = 0.002), while the mean intensity of the stromal VEGF staining of the topically tacrolimus-treated group was lesser than that of its sham group (p = 0.042). The intensities of the endothelial VEGF immunostaining of the intraperitoneally and topically tacrolimus-treated groups were less than those of the sham groups (p = 0.038, p = 0.032).
Systemic and topical administration of tacrolimus may be beneficial in the prevention of corneal NV because of its effect on VEGF.
Current eye research 01/2011; 36(1):34-40. · 1.51 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In this study, we assessed the effects of halofuginone and methylprednisolone on hypopharyngeal and esophageal stricture that can develop following radiation to the head and neck of rats. Rats were divided into four groups randomly and 18 Gy radiation was given to the head and neck regions of all rats except the control group. Group 1 (Control Group): No radiation or drugs were administered. Group 2 (Radiation Group): only radiation was applied without any drugs. Group 3 (Halofuginone Group): halofuginone 100 microg/kg per day was given intraperitoneally. Group 4 (Methylprednisolone Group): methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg per day was administered intramuscularly. In all groups, 90 days after application of radiation, sections of the proximal esophagus and hypopharynx were examined for fibrosis, fibroblast proliferation, vascularization, epithelial atypia, necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mononuclear cells, and stenosis index by light microscope and the hydroxyproline levels were assessed biochemically. Fibrosis, epithelial atypia and hydroxyproline levels were found to be significantly higher in the radiation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). We did not observe fibrosis in either the halofuginone or the control groups. Fibrosis was also significantly lower in the methylprednisolone group than the radiation group (P < 0.05). The differences of the stenosis index scores between the groups were not statistically significant (P < 0.05). Vascularization was similar in all groups. We think that especially halofuginone is a drug that can be used safely to prevent fibrosis due to radiotherapy, but further studies are needed.
Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 04/2010; 267(9):1429-35. · 1.29 Impact Factor
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Fırat Tıp Dergisi. 01/2010;
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the study is to investigate the functional and histopathologic changes in facial nerve due to the application of various violent and numerous electrical stimuli to the facial nerve. The study was carried out with Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 300 g. The facial nerves of the subjects were located and stimulated with electrical stimulator. Then five groups were created with 18 subjects in each group: Group 1, 1 milliampere (mA) electrical stimulus applied; Group 2, 2 mA electrical stimulus applied; Group 3, 3 mA electrical stimulus applied; Group 4, 4 mA electrical stimulus applied; Group 5, 5 mA electrical stimulus applied. All groups were divided into three sub-groups, each consisting of six subjects. The facial nerves of the subjects in first sub-group were stimulated 10 times, in second sub-group were stimulated 20 times and those in third sub-group were stimulated 30 times. The functions of the facial nerves were evaluated on first day, first week and first month, respectively. The facial nerves with branches were dissected from the surrounding tissues carefully. These specimens were investigated by light microscope about axonal degeneration, macrovacuolization and vascular congestion. Loss of facial functions was not observed in the subjects during follow-up process. There was no significant difference between groups regarding axonal degeneration, macrovacuolization and vascular congestion (P > 0.05). While less axonal degeneration was observed in group which was stimulated 10 times, more axonal degeneration was observed in groups which were stimulated 20 and 30 times (P < 0.05). The axonal degeneration, macrovacuolization and vascular congestion were observed more in 1-day groups (P < 0.05). Consequently, lesser violence and lesser number of electrical stimulus application to the facial nerve appears to be an important criterion for not damaging the facial nerve in patients in whom stimulators have been used.
Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 09/2009; 267(4):607-12. · 1.29 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the damage of brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) caused by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and the effects of acupuncture on this damage.
This investigation took place in the Experimental Research Unit of Firat University, Elazig, Turkey in January-February 2007. For this aim, 14 rats were divided into 2 groups: I/R (control) and I/R+acupuncture (experiment). In the I/R group, the MCA was occluded for 60 minutes, after this reperfusion was applied. In the I/R+acupuncture group, dry needle acupuncture was applied after reperfusion for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed. The brain tissues were examined after staining with hematoxylin and eosin.
In the samples belonging to the I/R group, widespread necrotic areas, red neurons, vacuolization, congestion, and edema were observed. In the I/R+ acupuncture group, the findings of ischemia were significantly decreased when compared with the I/R group.
The damage caused by I/R was decreased by manual acupuncture therapy, however, further clinical studies are needed to determine the mechanism of acupuncture treatment, the optimal timing, and duration of acupuncture treatment in such disorders.
Neurosciences 01/2009; 14(1):10-3. · 0.12 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ghrelin expression in cancers is either reduced/absent or increased depending on the organs involved. The aims of this study were to investigate: (i) whether there are differences in ghrelin peptide expression between kidney tissues from a series of renal cell carcinoma cases, oncocytomas, and normal controls; (ii) whether there are correlations between tissue ghrelin levels in a series of renal carcinoma cases and normal controls; and (iii) how normal is kidney ghrelin expression per mg tissue as compared with the normal stomach tissue ghrelin level. We studied 7 normal stomach and 7 normal kidney samples, 21 clear cell renal carcinomas, 7 chromophobe type renal cell carcinomas (RCC), 7 papillary type RCC, and 7 oncocytoma samples. Tissue ghrelin expression was measured by RIA and immunohistochemistry. Grades 1-3 clear renal cell carcinomas, chromophobe type RCC, papillary type RCC, and oncocytomas expressed 88%, 94%, 95%, 51%, 75%, and 48% less ghrelin than the normal kidney, respectively. Overall, we concluded that ghrelin expression in renal cell carcinoma tissues is always lower than that in normal kidney or is absent. This low level or lack of ghrelin may play a role in the etiopathogenesis and progression of cancer.
Pathology - Research and Practice 01/2009; 205(3):165-73. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the potential role of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mAb (infliximab) on the inflammatory response in a mouse model of acute asthma.
BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal (i.p.) ovalbumin (OVA) on days 0 and 14, 100 microg of OVA intranasally on day 14 and 50 microg of OVA intranasally on days 25, 26 and 27. The low-dose (2.5 mg/kg) and high-dose (6.25 mg/kg) infliximab groups received i.p. infliximab before each i.p. sensitization and on challenge days 1, 6, 13, 20 and 27. The control group received i.p. injections of normal saline with alum on days 0 and 14 and normal saline without alum on days 14, 25, 26 and 27.
There were statistically significant decreases in the numbers of BAL fluid (BALF) neutrophils, eosinophils, as well as lung eosinophils in both the low- and high-dose infliximab groups when compared with the control OVA sensitized/challenged group. The lower dose of infliximab did not alter lung neutrophil counts, but a marked decrease was seen with the high dose of infliximab. After treatment with low and high doses of infliximab, BALF levels of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), TNF-alpha, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, and levels of RANTES, IL-4, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MIP-2 in lung tissue were significantly decreased when compared with the control OVA sensitized/challenged group. There was a significant decrease in BALF IL-4 only in the high-dose infliximab group.
These results show that an anti-TNF-alpha mAb has a considerable anti-inflammatory effect on allergen-induced lung inflammation in an animal model of acute asthma.
Respirology 07/2008; 13(4):488-97. · 2.42 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: It was previously described that endothelins may contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of endothelin receptor blockade by bosentan on the healing of a bowel anastomosis in an experimental Crohn's disease model.
Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Groups I and II were used as sham-operated and control groups, respectively. Bowel inflammation induced by intrajejunal injection of iodoacetamide in groups III and IV. Rats in group IV were treated with oral preparation of bosentan 60 mg/kg/day. Three days after induction of the inflammation, partial resection of test loop and anastomosis was performed. Re-laparotomy was performed, anastomosis bursting pressures and peritonitis scores were measured, and tissue samples were obtained for the measurements of tissue hydroxylproline level and mucosal damage index 4 days later.
The mean mucosal damage index and peritonitis score of group IV were significantly lower, and the mean tissue hydroxyproline level and anastomotic bursting pressure of group IV were significantly higher than those of group III.
The blockade of endothelin receptors by bosentan decreases the severity of iodoacetamide induced intestinal inflammation, increases the wound healing in the inflamed intestinal tissue, and decreases the severity of peritonitis.
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 06/2008; 12(8):1429-35. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of terazosin and melatonin on isolated rabbit bladder strips after partial bladder outlet obstruction and determine responses to agonist-induced contractility and changes in oxidant-antioxidant system.
We created partial bladder outlet obstruction in 5 groups of rabbits, each containing 8. Rabbits with sham operation (group 1) received no drug treatment. Similarly, animals in group 2 underwent partial bladder outlet obstruction and received no drug treatment. Rabbits in groups 3 were administered 5 mg/day oral terazosin, and rabbits in group 4 received 10 mg/kg/day melatonin intraperitoneally. Animals in group 5 received both terazosin and melatonin. We removed their bladders and performed histopathological and biochemical measurements. We assessed tissue malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzyme activity levels and recorded in vitro contractility response to KCl in isolated organ baths.
The thickness of muscularis propria was significantly increased in group 2 compared with all other groups. KCl-evoked contractions after partial outlet obstruction were significantly impaired in group 3 and 4 animals receiving terazosin and melatonin, respectively. However, combined use of melatonin and terazosin in group 5 showed contractility responses similar to sham-operated animals (P <0.05). Melatonin administration to groups 4 and 5 showed decreased levels of lipid peroxidation. Similarly, animals receiving melatonin and melatonin plus terazosin showed statistically significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities.
In the present study, we showed that oxidative stress induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction can be successfully antagonized by the potent antioxidant melatonin, and its combined use with an alpha-antagonist such as terazosin may restore in vitro contractility.
Urology 05/2008; 72(2):439-43. · 2.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effects of thalidomide treatment on the temporal course of TNF-alpha, VEGF production and the histopathological changes in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injured guinea pigs retina.
Control, ischemia, and thalidomide/ischemia groups including seven animals each were formed. Retinal ischemia was induced in male guinea pigs by cannulating anterior chambers and lifting the bottle to a height of 205 cm for 90 min in the ischemia and thalidomide/ischemia groups. The thalidomide/ischemia group received thalidomide (300 mg/kg/day) via nasogastric tube 24 h before ischemia and during 7 days of reperfusion. Guinea pigs were sacrificed for histopathological examination to evaluate the mean thickness of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration, and biochemical analysis of retinal VEGF and TNF-alpha levels by ELISA.
The mean retinal VEGF and TNF-alpha levels of the control, ischemia, and thalidomide/ischemia groups were 10.22 +/- 2.58 and 270.41 +/- 69.77 pg/ml; 35.80 +/- 5.97 and 629.93 +/- 146.41 pg/ml; 19.01 +/- 3.01 and 340.93 +/- 158.26 pg/ml, respectively. The retinal VEGF levels were significantly higher in I/R injured groups. The thalidomide/ischemia group retinal VEGF level was significantly lower versus the ischemia group. The retinal TNF-alpha levels were significantly elevated in the ischemia group, but no difference was observed between the thalidomide/ischemia and control groups. Also, the retinal TNF-alpha level was significantly lower in the thalidomide/ischemia group versus the ischemia group. The mean thickness of IPL and PMNL infiltration showed no difference between the control and thalidomide/ischemia groups. However, there was a significant difference between the control and ischemia groups.
Thalidomide treatment decreases PMNL infiltration, retinal edema, VEGF, and TNF-alpha synthesis following I/R injury to the guinea pig retina.
Albrecht von Graæes Archiv für Ophthalmologie 04/2008; 246(3):363-8. · 2.17 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate possible neuroprotective effects of dietary supplementation of fish oil in brain ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).
This investigation took place in the Experimental Research Unit, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey, from January-February 2006. The study was carried out on 12 male Wistar rats; divided into 2 groups: I/R (control) and I/R + omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) (experiment). The rats in the I/R group received only ordinary rat food before middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. The I/R + omega-3 EFA group received omega-3 fatty acid daily via intragastric gavage (300 mg/kg Marincap capsule) with normal food before MCA occlusion for 30 days. Structural alterations in the brain tissues were semi-quantitatively analyzed (0: absent, +: slight, ++: moderate, +++: severe).
There was evident severe (+++) edema, vacuolization, and eosinophilic degeneration in the I/R group, while only slight (+) edema and eosinophilic degeneration in the I/R + omega-3 EFA group in which no vacuolization was determined. These findings are consistent with the available studies in this field.
Results from this study indicate the beneficial effects of omega-3 EFA supplementation in prevention of I/R - induced damage in rats.
Neurosciences 07/2007; 12(3):198-201. · 0.12 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: MK-801 was shown to be one of the most neurotoxic non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists. It is known that repeated injection of MK-801 was proposed in an animal model in psychosis. The aims of this study are to investigate the contributing effect of oxidative stress in MK-801-induced experimental psychosis model, and to show that prevention of oxidative stress may improve prognosis. Furthermore, there is evidence that oxygen free radicals play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: 1st group: Control, 2nd group: MK-801, 3rd group: MK-801+CAPE (Caffeic acid phenethyl ester) group. MK-801 was given intraperitoneally at the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days. CAPE was given to the treatment group while exposed to MK-801. In control group, saline was given intraperitoneally at the same time. After 7 days, rats were killed by decapitation. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats was removed for biochemical and histological analyses. As a result, malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (AD) enzyme activities were found to be increased significantly in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of MK-801 group (p<0.0001) compared to control group. In CAPE treated rats, prefrontal tissue MDA, PC, NO levels and, GSH-Px, XO, AD enzyme activities were significantly decreased when compared to MK-801 groups (p<0.0001) whereas catalase (CAT) enzyme activity was not changed. Moreover, in the light of microscopic examination of MK-801 groups, a great number of apoptotic cells were observed. CAPE treatment decreased the apoptotic cell count in PFC. The results of this study showed that MK-801-induced neurotoxicity caused oxidative stress in PFC of rats. This experimental study may also provide some evidences for the new treatment strategies with antioxidants in schizophrenia.
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 06/2007; 31(4):832-8. · 3.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ectopic adrenocortical tissues (EAT) are rare pathologies in children. They are frequently encountered in the inguinal region incidentally during surgical procedures but they are also classically known to be located from diaphragm to pelvis. EAT were investigated during inguinal procedures including inguinal hernia, hydrocele, hydrocele of cord and undescended testis (UDT) in 1,069 patients, 159 girls, 910 boys, from April 1997 until April 2006. All these nodules were confirmed to be adrenocortical tissues after histopathological examinations. Statistical analysis was done with Fisher's exact test. EAT were noted on the plexus pampiniformis external to processus vaginalis of 22 male patients (1.73%) during inguinal explorations. This figure was 1.63% for inguinal explorations of inguinal hernia, hydrocele and hydrocele of cord and 5.1% for UDT. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.0001). There were no EAT detected during inguinal exploration of female patients. EAT are uncommon pathologies seen during inguinoscrotal explorations. Incidence of EAT is significantly increased with UDT. This increase may be explained with the embryological events that take place during adrenal and gonadal development. The relatively low observation of EAT in girls may be due to the localization of gonads and association of EAT with gonadal position. Adrenal rests in inguinal region may suggest an association with descent of gonads.
Pediatric Surgery International 02/2007; 23(2):171-5. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Ectopic adrenocortical tissues (EAT) are rare pathologies in children. They are frequently encountered in the inguinal region
incidentally during surgical procedures but they are also classically known to be located from diaphragm to pelvis. EAT were
investigated during inguinal procedures including inguinal hernia, hydrocele, hydrocele of cord and undescended testis (UDT)
in 1,069 patients, 159 girls, 910 boys, from April 1997 until April 2006. All these nodules were confirmed to be adrenocortical
tissues after histopathological examinations. Statistical analysis was done with Fisher's exact test. EAT were noted on the
plexus pampiniformis external to processus vaginalis of 22 male patients (1.73%) during inguinal explorations. This figure
was 1.63% for inguinal explorations of inguinal hernia, hydrocele and hydrocele of cord and 5.1% for UDT. This difference
was statistically significant (P<0.0001). There were no EAT detected during inguinal exploration of female patients. EAT are uncommon pathologies seen during
inguinoscrotal explorations. Incidence of EAT is significantly increased with UDT. This increase may be explained with the
embryological events that take place during adrenal and gonadal development. The relatively low observation of EAT in girls
may be due to the localization of gonads and association of EAT with gonadal position. Adrenal rests in inguinal region may
suggest an association with descent of gonads.
Pediatric Surgery International 01/2007; 23(2):171-175. · 1.25 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aims of this study are to investigate the contribution effect of oxidative stress in MK-801-induced experimental psychosis model, and to show that prevention of oxidative stress may improve prognosis. Because oxidative damage has been suggested in the neuropathophysiology of schizophrenia, the possible protecting agents against lipid peroxidation are potential target for the studies in this field. For this purpose, Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: the first group was used as control, MK-801 was given to the rats in the second group and MK-801+omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) was given to the third group. MK-801 was given intraperitoneally at the dose of 0.5mg/(kgday) once a day for 5 days in experimental psychosis group. In the second group, 0.8g/(kgday), omega-3 FA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 18%, docosahexaenoic acid, 12%) was given to the rats while exposed MK-801. In control group, saline was given intraperitoneally at the same time. After 7 days, rats were killed by decapitation. Prefrontal brain area was removed for histological and biochemical analyses. As a result, malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC), as an indicator of protein oxidation, nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities as antioxidant enzymes, and xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (AD) activities as an indicator of DNA oxidation was found to be increased significantly in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of MK-801 group (P<0.0001) compared to control group. In omega-3 FA treated rats, prefrontal tissue MDA, PC and NO levels as well as SOD, GSH-Px, XO, and AD enzyme activities were significantly decreased when compared to MK-801 groups (P<0.0001) whereas catalase (CAT) enzyme activity was not changed. Moreover, in the light of microscopic examination of MK-801 groups, a great number of apoptotic cells were observed. omega-3 FA supplementation decreased the apoptotic cell count in PFC. The results of this study revealed that oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in PFC may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MK-801-induced neuronal toxicity. This experimental study also provides some evidences for the protective effects of omega-3 FA on MK-801-induced changes in PFC of rats.
Neurochemistry International 01/2007; 50(1):196-202. · 2.86 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Occupational exposure and sniffing of toluene-based organic solvents is an important public health problem. In this study, we have investigated the effects of paint thinner inhalation on testosterone synthesis and secretion in the male rat. A control group inhaled normal air ventilation. The remaining animals were divided into three groups and exposed to paint thinner in a glassy cage for 15 and 30 days (2 h/day). A group of rats was allowed to recover for 15 days after 30 days of exposure. Toluene concentration (the largest constituent in thinner, 66%) was set at 1500 ppm in the inhaled air. At the end, all animals were decapitated and blood samples obtained. Testes and seminal vesicles were removed and weighed out. Serum total testosterone levels were determined by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Testicular tissue specimens were processed for semi-quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemical testosterone staining and light microscopy. Intensity of immunostaining was evaluated on a scale between 0 (no staining), 1 (minimal), 2 (mild), 3 (moderate) and 4 (strong staining). Serum testosterone levels (ng/ml) were decreased by 15-day (3.31+/-0.61) and 30-day (1.17+/-0.54, p<0.02) thinner exposure compared to the controls (3.91+/-1.03). Another group of rats exposed to thinner for 30 days and then allowed to recover for a period of 15 days had significantly elevated levels of testosterone values (3.77+/-1.1; p<0.05). Immunohistochemical testosterone staining of the cytoplasm of Leydig cells was moderate (3+) and mild (2+) in 15 and 30 days thinner inhalation groups, respectively. Strong staining (4+) was restored following the recovery period. Testicular weight was significantly reduced in all test groups compared to the control values (p<0.01). Diameters of seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased in the solvent exposed groups with enlarged connective tissue. The present findings suggest that paint thinner inhalation inhibits testosterone synthesis and secretion by a direct action on the Leydig cells in a reversible manner.
Reproductive Toxicology 12/2006; 22(4):791-6. · 3.23 Impact Factor
