Publications (21)90.63 Total impact
-
Chapter: Modified Milk Fat Reduces Plasma Triacylglycerol Concentrations: Health and Disease Effects
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: • Milk fat has a unique fatty acid profile and is a very complex mixture of triglycerides and is generally considered a cholesterol-raising ingredient, as it contains a large proportion of saturated fatty acids and moderate amount of cholesterol. • Various techniques are currently under active development to improve the nutritional value of milk fat, and counteract its adverse effect on plasma lipids and atherogenic lipoproteins through modified milk fats. • The effects of reduction of saturated fatty acids and/or cholesterol as well as an elevation of unsaturated fatty acids through various technologies such as the modification of cow feeding, interesterification, and fractionation technologies on various risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are critically reviewed in this chapter. • Modifications of milk fat composition through alteration of cow feeding, incorporation of fish oil into butter blend by enzymatic interesterification, or the application of physical fractionation processes resulting in fat fractions with favorable nutritional properties appear to be among the most promising options. KeywordsModified milk fat-Cow feeding-Interesterification-Fractionation-Plasma lipids and lipoproteins-Cardiovascular diseases12/2009: pages 215-225; -
Article: Intravascular kinetics of C-reactive protein and their relationships with features of the metabolic syndrome.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to describe, for the first time, the intravascular kinetics of C-reactive protein (CRP), using stable isotopes, and its relationship with features of the metabolic syndrome. Sixteen men and 16 women [aged 49 +/- 9 years, body mass index (BMI) 28.7 +/- 4.5 kg/m(2)] underwent a 12-h primed-constant infusion of 5,5,5-(2)H(3)-l-leucine. CRP was purified from the plasma fraction rho greater than 1.25 g/ml by affinity chromatography, and isotopic enrichment over time was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The CRP fractional catabolic rate was 60% higher in men than women (0.49 +/- 1.83 vs. 0.30 +/- 1.80 pool/d, P = 0.03), but this difference was no longer significant in a multivariate model that included several features associated with the metabolic syndrome. The CRP production rate (PR) and pool size were not statistically different between sexes. Plasma CRP concentrations were more strongly correlated with the PR (r = 0.80, P < 0.0001) than with the fractional catabolic rate of CRP (r = 0.39, P < 0.05). The PR of CRP was positively correlated with waist girth (r = 0.53, P < 0.01), plasma low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 (r = 0.42, P = 0.07), triglyceride (r = 0.41, P = 0.06), and IL-6 concentrations (r = 0.61, P = 0.0008) and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = -0.47, P = 0.03) and adiponectin (r = -0.63, P < 0.0005) after adjustment for sex. Blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol showed no association with CRP kinetics. The PR of CRP appeared as the main determinant of CRP concentrations and showed significant associations with features of the metabolic syndrome as well as with adipose tissue-derived cytokines such as IL-6 and adiponectin.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 05/2008; 93(8):3158-64. · 6.50 Impact Factor -
Article: Endothelial lipase is associated with inflammation in humans.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which inflammation is linked with plasma endothelial lipase (EL) concentrations among healthy sedentary men. Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured with a highly sensitive commercial immunoassay, plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured using a commercial ELISA, and plasma secretory phospholipase A(2) type IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) concentrations were measured using a commercial assay in a sample of 74 moderately obese men (mean body mass index, 29.8 +/- 5.2 kg/m(2)). Plasma EL concentrations were positively correlated with various indices of obesity, fasting plasma insulin, and plasma CRP, IL-6, and sPLA(2)-IIA concentrations. Multiple regression analyses revealed that plasma CRP concentrations explained 14.5% (P = 0.0008) of the variance in EL concentrations. When entered into the model, LPL activity accounted for 16.1% (P < 0.0001) and plasma CRP concentrations accounted for 20.9% (P < 0.0001) of the variance in EL concentrations. The combined impact of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and of an inflammation score on EL concentrations was investigated. Among subjects with high or low VAT, those having a high inflammation score based on plasma CRP, IL-6, and sPLA(2)-IIA concentrations had increased plasma EL concentrations (P = 0.0005). In conclusion, our data reveal a strong association between proinflammatory cytokines and plasma EL concentrations among healthy people with low or high VAT levels.The Journal of Lipid Research 01/2007; 47(12):2808-13. · 5.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Visceral adiposity and endothelial lipase.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Overexpression of endothelial lipase (EL) has been shown to reduce plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in animal models. However, the extent to which EL contributes to modulate the deteriorated high-density lipoprotein profile observed in obesity in humans is less clear. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between levels of obesity and visceral adiposity in particular and plasma EL concentrations. Postheparin plasma EL concentrations were measured by ELISA and visceral adiposity by computed tomography in a sample of 80 sedentary men in good health. EL mRNA levels in abdominal sc and omental adipose tissues obtained during abdominal hysterectomies were measured in another sample of 14 women. Plasma EL levels were positively correlated with body mass index (R = 0.46, P < 0.0001), visceral adipose tissue accumulation (R = 0.44, P < 0.0001), and a proatherogenic lipid profile including increased plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. However, EL mRNA levels were similar in sc and omental AT and were 10,000-fold lower than lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels in those tissues. Increased visceral adiposity is significantly correlated with elevated plasma EL levels, but this association is unlikely to be causal and may reflect other common metabolic alterations.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 10/2006; 91(9):3538-43. · 6.50 Impact Factor -
Article: Associations between hypertriglyceridemia, dietary fat intake, oxidative stress, and endothelial activation in men.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We examined the associations between intake of different types of dietary fat and plasma levels of oxidative stress and endothelial activation markers in men. For that purpose, a complete physical and metabolic profile was assessed. Dietary habits of subjects were determined with a 3-d food record. We also measured fasting plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha and oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations and soluble forms of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and E-selectin. All these measurements were performed with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and standards. We found that a high total dietary fat intake was associated with high plasma sICAM-1 (r = 0.40, P < 0.005), sVCAM-1 (r = 0.31, P < 0.05), and E-selectin (r = 0.28, P < 0.05) levels. We also found that in men matched for plasma triacylglycerol levels, those consuming a diet rich in total fat (>105 g/d, n = 21) were characterized by higher circulating levels of sICAM-1 (P < 0.05) and E-selectin (P < 0.05) compared with triacylglycerol-matched individuals with a low total dietary fat intake (<105 g/d, n = 21). However, no significant difference was noted in plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels between groups. Further, we conducted multivariate analyses and found that saturated fatty acid intake was the only dietary variable after inclusion of other dietary variables that contributed to circulating sICAM-1 (P < 0.05) and sVCAM-1 (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that high dietary fat consumption is associated with endothelial activation in men and that this detrimental effect is likely attributable to the saturated fatty acid content of the diet.Nutrition 07/2006; 22(6):600-8. · 3.03 Impact Factor -
Article: Apolipoprotein C-III isoforms: kinetics and relative implication in lipid metabolism.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) production rate (PR) is strongly correlated with plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. ApoC-III exists in three different isoforms, according to the sialylation degree of the protein. We investigated the kinetics and respective role of each apoC-III isoform in modulating intravascular lipid/lipoprotein metabolism. ApoC-III kinetics were measured in a sample of 18 healthy men [mean age (+/-SD) 42.1 +/- 9.5 years, body mass index 29.8 +/- 4.6 kg/m2] using a primed-constant infusion of l-(5,5,5-D3) leucine for 12 h. Mono-sialylated and di-sialylated apoC-III (apo-CIII1 and apoC-III2) exhibited similar PRs (means +/- SD, 1.22 +/- 0.49 mg/kg/day vs. 1.15 +/- 0.59 mg/kg/day, respectively) and similar fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) (0.51 +/- 0.13 pool/day vs. 0.61 +/- 0.24 pool/day, respectively). Nonsialylated apoC-III (apoC-III0) had an 80% lower PR (0.25 +/- 0.12 mg/kg/day) and a 60% lower FCR (0.21 +/- 0.07 pool/day) (P < 0.0001 for comparison with CIII1 and CIII2 isoforms). The PRs of apoC-III1 and apoC-III2 were more strongly correlated with plasma TG levels (r > 0.8, P < 0.0001) than was apoC-III0 PR (r = 0.54, P < 0.05). Finally, the PR of apoC-III2 was strongly correlated with the proportion of LDL <255 A (r = 0.72, P = 0.002). These results suggest that all apoC-III isoforms, especially the predominant CIII1 and CIII2 isoforms, contribute to hypertriglyceridemia and that apoC-III2 may play a significant role in the expression of the small, dense LDL phenotype.The Journal of Lipid Research 07/2006; 47(6):1212-8. · 5.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Baseline plasma C-reactive protein concentrations influence lipid and lipoprotein responses to low-fat and high monounsaturated fatty acid diets in healthy men.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To date, no studies have compared the effects of consuming a low-fat diet and a high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet, under unrestricted energy intake conditions, on plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Men [n = 61; 37.5 +/- 11.5 y old (mean +/- SD), mean BMI 29.0 +/- 5.0 kg/m2] were randomly assigned to consume ad libitum a moderately low-fat diet (25.8% of energy intake from fat) or a high-fat diet rich in MUFA (40.1% of energy intake from fat, 22.5% from MUFA) for 6-7 wk. Plasma CRP concentrations were measured using a highly sensitive assay. Neither diet affected the plasma CRP concentration. However, baseline CRP concentrations predicted lipoprotein/lipid responsiveness to the experimental diets. After intake of the low-fat diet, plasma total and VLDL-triglyceride (TG) concentrations were increased in the subgroup with high CRP concentrations (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) whereas they were reduced in the subgroup with low CRP concentrations at baseline (P < 0.01 for both). The high-MUFA diet reduced plasma TG, VLDL-TG, and VLDL cholesterol only in the subgroup with low CRP at baseline (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the low-fat diet and the high-MUFA diet did not affect plasma CRP concentrations. However, baseline plasma CRP concentrations may modulate the diet-induced changes in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.Journal of Nutrition 04/2006; 136(4):1005-11. · 3.92 Impact Factor -
Article: Circulating levels of oxidative stress markers and endothelial adhesion molecules in men with abdominal obesity.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: It has been suggested that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction could play a role in the higher cardiovascular disease risk noted in the abdominally obese population. The objective of this study was to describe the associations between abdominal fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction in men. A complete physical and metabolic profile was assessed in a group of 56 men covering a wide range of adiposity and plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were determined. We found that abdominal visceral adipose tissue was positively associated with plasma OxLDL (r = 0.52; P < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.60; P < 0.0001) concentrations. We also found significant associations between plasma E-selectin levels and hyperinsulinemia (r = 0.39; P < 0.005) as well as with the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (r = 0.42; P < 0.005). Our study showed that plasma OxLDL levels and low-grade systemic inflammation are increased in men with a high visceral adipose tissue accumulation. Furthermore, our results support the notion that insulin resistance is associated with endothelial activation. Overall, our observations give us further insights on the increased cardiovascular disease risk frequently noted among viscerally obese, insulin-resistant individuals.Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 12/2005; 90(12):6454-9. · 6.50 Impact Factor -
Article: Variations in plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels are strong correlates of the triglyceride response to a high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet and a high-carbohydrate diet.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to examine how a diet rich in carbohydrates (high-CHO) vs a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (high MUFA) consumed ad libitum modulated plasma apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III) levels and to examine the extent to which diet-induced changes in plasma apo C-III were associated with concurrent variations in plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. Forty-seven men (mean age, 35.7 +/- 11.4 years; body mass index, 29.0 +/- 5.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a high-CHO diet (CHO, 58%; fat, 26%; n = 23) or a high-MUFA diet (CHO, 45%; fat, 40%; MUFA, 22.5%; n = 24), which they consumed for 6 to 7 weeks. Fasting and postprandial lipemia after an oral fat load and fasting plasma apo C-III were measured at the beginning and at the end of the dietary intervention. Ad libitum consumption of the high-CHO diet induced a significant reduction in body weight (-2.6%, P < .0001), but had no impact on plasma apo C-III concentrations and on fasting and postprandial plasma TG levels. In contrast, ad libitum consumption of the high-MUFA diet also resulted in a significant reduction in body weight (-2.3%, P < .01) as well as in significant reductions in plasma apo C-III (-11%, P = .05) and fasting plasma TG (-17%, P < .01). Diet-induced variations in plasma apo C-III concentrations were correlated with changes in fasting and postprandial TG levels both in the high-CHO (r > 0.70, P < .001) and the high-MUFA groups (r > 0.42, P < .05). These results indicate that variations in plasma apo C-III levels are strong correlates of the fasting and postprandial plasma TG responses to high-MUFA and high-CHO diets.Metabolism 11/2005; 54(10):1390-7. · 2.66 Impact Factor -
Article: Lack of effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acids naturally incorporated into butter on the lipid profile and body composition of overweight and obese men.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is known to reduce atherosclerosis, plasma total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and body fat accumulation in several animal species. Of the few studies that investigated the effects of CLA supplementation in humans, all used commercially formulated oral supplements made from a mixture of CLA isomers. We compared the effects on plasma lipoproteins and body composition of the consumption of a modified butter naturally enriched with CLA (CLA-B: 4.22 g CLA/100 g butter fat) by the addition of sunflower oil to the diet of dairy cows with the consumption of a control butter (CON-B) that was low in CLA (0.38 g CLA/100 g butter fat). In a crossover design study including an 8-wk washout period, 16 men [x +/- SD age: 36.6 +/- 12.4 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 31.2 +/- 4.4] were fed each of the 2 experimental isoenergetic diets, providing 15% of energy as protein, 45% as carbohydrates, and 40% as lipids, of which >60% was derived from experimental fats, for 4 wk. Consumption of the CLA-B diet induced a significantly (P < 0.05) smaller reduction in plasma total cholesterol and in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol (-0.02 mmol/L and -0.00, respectively) than did consumption of the CON-B diet (-0.26 mmol/L and-0.34, respectively). Abdominal adipose tissue area measured by computed tomography showed no difference in accumulation of either visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissue after the 2 experimental diets. These results suggest that a 10-fold CLA enrichment of butter fat does not induce beneficial metabolic effects in overweight or obese men.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 08/2005; 82(2):309-19. · 6.67 Impact Factor -
Article: Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and VLDL-B-100 metabolism in men: comparison of a low-fat diet and a high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The impact of a low-fat diet and a high-MUFA diet on apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apoA-II, and VLDL-apoB-100 metabolism in conditions of unrestricted (ad libitum) energy intake was compared in 65 men randomly assigned to one of two predefined experimental diets. A subsample of 18 men participated in the kinetic study. Before and after the 6-7 week dietary intervention, kinetic subjects received a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-2H3]L-leucine for 12 h under feeding conditions. ApoA-I production rate (PR; -31.5%; P <0.001) and fractional catabolic rate (FCR; -24.3%; P <0.05) were significantly decreased after the low-fat diet. These changes in apoA-I PR and FCR with the low-fat diet were also significantly different from those observed with the high-MUFA diet (P <0.01 and P <0.05, respectively). ApoA-II FCR was significantly increased in the high-MUFA group only. No significant within- or between-diet difference was found in VLDL-apoB-100 PR or FCR. These results emphasize the differential impact of the low-fat diet and high-MUFA diet on HDL metabolism.The Journal of Lipid Research 01/2005; 45(12):2331-8. · 5.56 Impact Factor -
Article: Fasting and postprandial lipid response to the consumption of modified milk fats by guinea pigs.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of three modified milk fats with different melting profiles on fasting and postprandial lipid responses and on fecal fat content in guinea pigs. We hypothesized that the consumption of modified milk fat with a high m.p. results in reduced fasting and postprandial lipid responses compared with that of modified milk fat fractions with lower m.p. To test this hypothesis, male Hartley guinea pigs were fed isoenergetic diets containing 110 g of fat/kg, either from one of the three modified milk fats with high (HMF), medium (MMF), or low melting profiles (LMF), or from one of the two reference fats as whole milk fat (MF) or a fat blend similar to that of nonhydrogenated soft margarine (MA) for 28 d. Food intake (P < 0.05) and body weight gain (P < 0.05) were reduced in the animals fed the HMF diet compared with the other groups. In the fasting state, plasma LDL cholesterol was highest in animals fed the LMF diet, intermediary in those fed the MMF and MF diets, and lowest in those fed the HMF and MA diets (P< 0.05). Postprandially, the areas under the 0- to 3-h curves for the changes in plasma TG were lower in the HMF group than in the MA- and LMF-fed guinea pigs (P< 0.05). The fecal fat content was higher (P< 0.05) in the HMF group compared to the other milk fat groups. The present results suggest that modified milk fats can impact food intake, body weight gain, fasting cholesterolemia, and postprandial triglyceridemia, and these changes may be attributed to an altered fat absorption.Lipids 11/2004; 39(10):985-92. · 2.13 Impact Factor -
Article: Development and validation of a scale for rating motor compensations used for reaching in patients with hemiparesis: the reaching performance scale.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Recent movement analysis studies have described compensatory movement strategies used by people with hemiparesis secondary to stroke during reaching and grasping tasks. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new scale--the Reaching Performance Scale (RPS)--for assessing compensatory movements for upper-extremity reaching in people with hemiparesis secondary to stroke. Twenty-eight individuals with hemiparesis, with a mean age of 54.9 years (SD=18.6), participated. The study design involved scale development with expert panels and criterion standards for validity. Participants were evaluated on the new scale as well as other clinical tests for validity. They were videotaped while performing reaching and grasping movements. The RPS scores correlated with measurements of grip force and Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment and Upper Extremity Performance Test for the Elderly (TEMPA) scores. The RPS discriminated patients with different impairment levels according to the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment. Preliminary intrarater and interrater reliability coefficients were acceptable for the whole scale. Mean kappa values on individual scale components for 3 raters represented a mean of 67% (SD=13.5%) agreement. Although the RPS shows some types of validity, more rigorous tests of reliability are needed for meaningful conclusions. This study is a first step in validating the scale to assess efficacy of intervention for motor recovery of the arm.Physical Therapy 02/2004; 84(1):8-22. · 3.11 Impact Factor -
Article: Postprandial hyperlipidemia: another correlate of the "hypertriglyceridemic waist" phenotype in men.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Fasting hypertriglyceridemia has been reported to be predictive of an exaggerated triglyceride (TG) response to an oral fat load. Abdominal obesity has also been associated with postprandial hyperlipidemia. The objective of the present study was to quantify the contribution of abdominal obesity and fasting hypertriglyceridemia to the magnitude of postprandial lipemia. For that purpose, potential differences in postprandial TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) levels were examined among men characterized by the absence/presence of the "hypertriglyceridemic waist" phenotype following a standardized breakfast with a high fat content (64% calories as fat). Sixty-nine men (mean age +/- S.D.: 45.1 +/- 10.5 years) were classified according to waist girth (< 90 or >/ or = 90 cm) and fasting TG concentrations (< 2.0 or > or = 2.0 mmol/l). Subjects characterized by "hypertriglyceridemic waist" (waist > or = 90 cm and fasting TG > or = 2.0 mmol/l) showed the highest TRL-TG concentrations (P < 0.0001) throughout the entire postprandial period (8 h) as well as elevated concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 and apo B-100 in all TRL fractions (large, medium and small) compared to subjects with low fasting TG levels who had waist girth values either above or below 90 cm. These higher postprandial TRL-TG levels among carriers of the "hypertriglyceridemic waist" phenotype also led to significantly greater postprandial TG-total area under the curve (AUC) in total TRLs resulting mainly from the increased concentrations of large- and medium-sized TRLs. Furthermore, subjects characterized by the "hypertriglyceridemic waist" phenotype displayed higher fasting insulin concentrations and postprandial insulin AUC compared to men with low fasting plasma TG levels and low waist girth values. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate that postprandial hyperlipidemia is associated with the simultaneous presence of abdominal obesity and elevated fasting TG concentrations: a condition that we have described as the "hypertriglyceridemic waist" phenotype.Atherosclerosis 12/2003; 171(2):327-36. · 3.79 Impact Factor -
Article: Influences of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the response of plasma lipids to the ad libitum consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet compared with a high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) polymorphism and factors, such as age and waist circumference, to variations in plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) response following ad libitum consumption of a diet rich in complex carbohydrates (high-CHO: 58% of energy as CHO) versus a diet rich in fat and monounsaturated fatty acids (high-MUFA: fat, 40% of energy and 22% as MUFA). Sixty-five men participated in this parallel 6- to 7-week study involving either a high-CHO or a high-MUFA diet. Fasting plasma lipid profile and anthropometry were determined at the beginning and at the end of the dietary period. The high-CHO and high-MUFA diets both induced significant (P<.01) and comparable reductions in body weight and waist circumference. These changes were associated with a significant (P<.01) and comparable decrease in LDL-C (-19% and -16%, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that 32% of the variation in the LDL-C response to the high-CHO diet was attributable to the apoE polymorphism (18.5%, P=.04) and waist circumference (13.5%, P=.03) indicating that men with a waist circumference greater than 100 cm and the E2 allele had the greatest reduction in plasma LDL-C after the high-CHO diet. On the other hand, in the high-MUFA group, waist circumference was the only significant contributing factor to the LDL-C response and accounted for 44.5% of its variance. In conclusion, the plasma LDL-C response to ad libitum comsumption of a high-CHO and a high-MUFA diets are not modulated to the same extent by the apoE polymorphism and waist circumference.Metabolism 12/2003; 52(11):1454-9. · 2.66 Impact Factor -
Article: High carbohydrate and high monounsaturated fatty acid diets similarly affect LDL electrophoretic characteristics in men who are losing weight.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We compared the effects of ad libitum consumption of a defined high complex carbohydrate (CHO) diet (% of energy: CHO, 58.3; fat, 25.8) vs. a defined high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet (% of energy: CHO, 44.7; fat, 40.1; MUFA, 22.5) on LDL electrophoretic characteristics. Healthy men [n = 65; age, 37.5 +/- 11.2 (mean +/- SD) y; BMI, 29.2 +/- 4.9 kg/m2] were randomly assigned to one of the two diets that they consumed for 6-7 wk. The high CHO diet significantly reduced body weight (-2%). The diet-induced reduction in plasma LDL cholesterol (C) levels in the high-CHO diet group was due mainly to concurrent reductions in the cholesterol content of small (<25.5 nm, P < 0.01) and medium-sized LDL (25.5-26.0 nm, P = 0.01). The high MUFA diet also reduced body weight, and LDL-C and LDL-apolipoprotein (apo)B levels, which were comparable to those in the high CHO group. The cholesterol levels of small LDL particles tended to be reduced (P = 0.24) in the high MUFA group (-12%), similar to changes in the high CHO group. These results suggest that, when associated with weight loss, ad libitum consumption of high CHO and high MUFA diets may be considered to be equally beneficial for the management of LDL-related atherogenic dyslipidemia. However, the high MUFA diet more favorably affected triglyceride levels, suggesting that it may be preferable to a high CHO diet in cardiovascular disease prevention.Journal of Nutrition 10/2003; 133(10):3124-9. · 3.92 Impact Factor -
Article: Variations in body composition and plasma lipids in response to a high-carbohydrate diet.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To examine the extent to which variations in body composition modulate changes in the lipid profile in response to the ad libitum consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates (CHOs) (high-CHO diet: 58% of energy as CHOs) or high in fat and in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (high-MUFA diet: 40% of energy as fat, 23% as MUFAs). Sixty-three men were randomly assigned to one of the two diets that they consumed for 6 to 7 weeks. Body composition and fasting plasma lipid levels were measured at the beginning and the end of the dietary intervention. The high-CHO and high-MUFA diets induced significant and comparable reductions in body weight and waist circumference. These changes were accompanied by significant and comparable (p < 0.01) reductions in total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, the high-MUFA diet had more beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride concentrations (p < 0.01) and on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.02) compared with the high-CHO diet. Diet-induced changes in waist circumference were significantly associated with changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the high-CHO group (r = 0.39, p = 0.03) but not in the high-MUFA group (r = 0.16, p = 0.38). Improvements in plasma lipids induced by the ad libitum consumption of a high-CHO diet seem to be partly mediated by changes in body weight, whereas lipid changes induced by the high-MUFA diet seem to be independent of changes in body weight.Obesity research 08/2003; 11(8):978-86. · 4.95 Impact Factor -
Article: Variations in Body Composition and Plasma Lipids in Response to a High-Carbohydrate Diet
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Objective: To examine the extent to which variations in body composition modulate changes in the lipid profile in response to the ad libitum consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates (CHOs) (high-CHO diet: 58% of energy as CHOs) or high in fat and in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (high-MUFA diet: 40% of energy as fat, 23% as MUFAs).Research Methods and Procedures: Sixty-three men were randomly assigned to one of the two diets that they consumed for 6 to 7 weeks. Body composition and fasting plasma lipid levels were measured at the beginning and the end of the dietary intervention.Results: The high-CHO and high-MUFA diets induced significant and comparable reductions in body weight and waist circumference. These changes were accompanied by significant and comparable (p < 0.01) reductions in total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, the high-MUFA diet had more beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride concentrations (p < 0.01) and on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.02) compared with the high-CHO diet. Diet-induced changes in waist circumference were significantly associated with changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the high-CHO group (r = 0.39, p = 0.03) but not in the high-MUFA group (r = 0.16, p = 0.38).Discussion: Improvements in plasma lipids induced by the ad libitum consumption of a high-CHO diet seem to be partly mediated by changes in body weight, whereas lipid changes induced by the high-MUFA diet seem to be independent of changes in body weight.Keywords: dietary components, lipoprotein, body weight, waist circumference, ad libitumObesity 07/2003; 11(8):978-986. · 4.28 Impact Factor -
Article: Whole-body fat oxidation rate and plasma triacylglycerol concentrations in men consuming an ad libitum high-carbohydrate or low-carbohydrate diet.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: High-carbohydrate diets may increase plasma triacylglycerol concentrations either by increasing production of triacylglycerols or by reducing their clearance. We assessed whether the changes in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations induced by dietary interventions were associated with the changes in whole-body fat oxidation rates. In a parallel study, 37 healthy male subjects [body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 28 +/- 5, age: 34 +/- 11 y (x +/- SD)] consumed an ad libitum high-carbohydrate (60% of energy; n = 19) or low-carbohydrate (46% of energy), high-fat (41% of energy, 23% as monounsaturated fatty acids; n = 18) diet for 7 wk. The following variables were measured before and after the dietary interventions: 1) plasma triacylglycerols before and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after a meal (containing 40% of daily energy needs and 41% fat); 2) indirect calorimetry throughout the 8-h test; and 3) postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (phLPL) activity at time 8 h of the test. The diets induced changes in 1) body weight: -2.5 +/- 2.8 kg (P < 0.01) and -1.7 +/- 3.1 kg (P < 0.05) and 2) fasting plasma triacylglycerols: 0.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/L (NS) and -0.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (P < 0.05) for the high-carbohydrate and the low-carbohydrate diets, respectively. In normoinsulinemic subjects (fasting insulin < 100 pmol/L), dietary changes in postprandial triacylglycerols were significantly predicted by changes in phLPL, body weight, respiratory quotient (or fat oxidation), and the type of diet (stepwise multiple linear regression). Postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations may depend at least partly on fat oxidation, body weight, and LPL activity.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 03/2003; 77(3):580-6. · 6.67 Impact Factor -
Article: Evidence for impaired lipolysis in abdominally obese men: postprandial study of apolipoprotein B-48- and B-100-containing lipoproteins.
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Abdominal obesity has been associated with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. The contribution of intestinally and hepatically derived lipoproteins to this exaggerated postprandial lipemic response is not known. We examined the associations between body fatness, fat distribution, and postprandial apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 and apo B-100 concentrations measured in triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Dietary fat tolerance was investigated in 50 men aged 28-67 y. The subjects were given a test meal containing 60 g fat/m(2) body surface area and providing 64% of energy from fat, 18% from carbohydrates, and 18% from protein. The meal provided 7524-9196 kJ, depending on body surface area. Blood samples were collected every 2 h over an 8-h period. The increase in plasma triacylglycerol after the meal resulted from increases in both apo B-48- and apo B-100-containing lipoproteins. The apo B-100 concentration was the strongest contributor (R(2) = 69.6%, P = 0.0001) to postprandial triacylglycerol in total TRLs; the postprandial increase in triacylglycerol was best predicted by the apo B-48 concentration (R(2) = 32.7%, P = 0.0001). Visceral abdominal fat was significantly associated with high postprandial TRL apo B-48 and apo B-100 concentrations (r = 0.30-0.44, P < 0.05). After the meal, the apo B-100 concentration in small TRLs decreased in 12 subjects. These men showed features of the insulin resistance-dyslipidemic syndrome, including more visceral fat (P = 0.07) and an altered fasting metabolic profile. A lower lipolytic capacity may contribute to the exaggerated and prolonged postprandial lipemia among abdominally obese men.American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 08/2002; 76(2):311-8. · 6.67 Impact Factor
Top co-authors
Top Journals
Institutions
-
2009
-
Touro University Mare Island
Johnson Lane, NV, USA
-
-
2003–2008
-
University Laval
- Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF)
Québec, Quebec, Canada
-
