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ABSTRACT: Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate is not directly to Calcium of the bone matrix, but is binding to hydroxyapatite within the bone matrix. Strontium-89 is a member of family II A of the periodic table, same as Calcium, and is incorporated into bone matrix directly. It is very important that the the regions of the pain from bone metastases are present in the site of the abnormal uptake by bone metastases.
Clinical calcium 03/2013; 23(3):385-90.
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ABSTRACT: In clinical F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the head and neck region, remarkable
symmetric tonsillar FDG uptake is sometimes observed. We determined the incidence and degree of tonsillar FDG uptake and investigated
the significance of tonsillar FDG uptake. Between June 1998 and August 1998, we obtained informed consent from 17 patients
who were scheduled to undergo a FDG-PET study for their own disease (11 men and 6 women; aged 22 to 77 yr) and who did not
have head and neck disease to perform FDG-PET scanning of the head and neck region in addition to their target organs. The
incidence and degree of tonsillar FDG uptake were determined. Remarkable tonsillar FDG uptake was found in 9 patients. The
SUVs of these FDG uptakes ranged from 2.48 to 6.75, with a mean of 4.29±1.20 (SD). Tonsillar FDG uptakes in the remaining
8 patients were not remarkable, and their SUVs ranged from 1.93 to 3.31, with a mean of 2.46±0.45. Head and neck disease does
not appear to have been responsible for the increase in tonsillar FDG uptake. Differences among tonsillar FDG uptake in these
17 patients without head and neck disease appear to reflect differences in activity of “physiological” inflammation of the
palatine tonsils.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 04/2012; 15(3):297-300. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: F-18 FDG PET/CT has been widely used to diagnose primary tumors and lymph node metastases and to evaluate the response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to therapy. The advantage of using PET/CT is that this combination allows metabolic information to be precisely overlapped with anatomical information, thereby improving the identification of sites with an abnormal accumulation of F-18 FDG. The role of FDG PET/CT in the therapeutic evaluation (such as in treatment planning, the therapeutic response, and the surveillance and examination of HNSCC patients) is discussed in this manuscript. When evaluating the post-treatment outcome via FDG PET/CT, it is important to exclude the post-treatment inflammation-related increase in glucose metabolism in lymph nodes, salivary gland, muscles, and soft tissues. The influence of inflammation can be eliminated if PET/CT is performed after 12 weeks, by which time post-treatment inflammation subsides. Further, FDG PET/CT affords a high negative predictive value. Based on the results of an FDG PET/CT test, some invasive tests that are performed to detect recurrence can be omitted.
Japanese journal of radiology 04/2012; 30(6):463-70. · 0.65 Impact Factor
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Aiko Shimada,
Hiroshi Hashimoto,
Joji Kawabe, Shigeaki Higashiyama,
Toshihiro Kai,
Kouhei Kataoka,
Ryo Tagawa,
Youjirou Kawarada,
Aki Nakanishi,
Koki Inoue,
Susumu Shiomi,
Nobuo Kiriike
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ABSTRACT: Donepezil hydrochloride (Donepezil) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) that is used for the symptomatic treatment of Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT). Recently, the effects of AChEI in patients with DAT have been investigated using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This study is to evaluate the usefulness of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in assessing the therapeutic response of Donepezil to DAT using Regions of Interest (ROI) analysis.
The participants included eleven outpatients diagnosed as having DAT according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). The patients were performed FDG-PET before initiating Donepezil therapy and after 12 weeks of medication. Cognitive change was measured using the Japanese version of the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-J cog) and the group was divided into Responders and Non-responders based on these results. We used FDG-PET to investigate glucose metabolism of the brain and measured FDG uptake in the ROI set in each lobe of the brain. Then the ratios of the post-treatment uptake to pre-treatment uptake were determined.
In the Responders, the mean ratios in the frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal, and temporoparietal lobes were 2.18, 1.62, 1.15, 1.12, and 1.09 respectively. The mean ratios of the Non-responders were 0.69, 0.88, 0.75, 0.98, and 0.68 respectively. Significant differences were found between the ratios of the Responders and Non-responders in the frontal and occipital lobes (p < 0.05).
These findings suggest that FDG-PET could be useful for the evaluation for monitoring response to Donepezil.
Osaka city medical journal 06/2011; 57(1):11-9.
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ABSTRACT: Depressive symptoms are common in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and contribute to clinical morbidity. Previous studies have suggested that hypoperfusion in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus are involved in the pathophysiology of depression in DAT. Using 3-D stereotactic region of interest (ROI) template (3DSRT), fully automated ROI analysis software, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in DAT.
Technetium-99m-ethyl cysteinate dimer ((99m)Tc-ECD) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Japanese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were carried out in 35 patients diagnosed as having mild-moderate DAT according to DSM-IV. These patients were divided into the depressive group (D group: n = 17) and non-depressive group (ND group: n = 18) using the NPI depression items. All data from SPECT images were analyzed using 3DSRT software. On 3DSRT the perfusion ratios (rCBF of bilateral callosomarginal, precentral, central, parietal, angular, temporal, posterior cerebral, pericallosal, lenticular nucleus, thalamus and hippocampus/cerebellar hemisphere) of each segment were compared between the D group and the ND group.
The perfusion ratios of the left callosomarginal segment for the D group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the ND group.
Hypoperfusion in the left frontal cortex contributes to the expression of depressive symptoms in patients with DAT.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 06/2010; 64(3):293-8. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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Clinical nuclear medicine 03/2009; 34(2):99-102. · 3.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In bone scintigraphy, abnormal RI accumulation in ossified thyroid cartilage is often noted. However, because similar accumulation is also seen in tumor-involved cartilage, distinction between these two lesions is sometimes difficult. We examined the differences in RI accumulation by ossification of the thyroid cartilage and cartilage invasion with anterior, posterior, and oblique views of bone scintigraphy in this study.
This study included 120 patients (104 men, 16 women; mean age 67.8 +/- 9.6 years; range 48-90 years) with laryngeal or lower pharyngeal carcinoma. The patients had exhibited abnormal accumulation of RI on thyroid cartilage on bone scintigraphy between February 1999 and March 2007. We evaluated accumulation of thyroid cartilage in the anterior, posterior, and oblique views on bone scintigraphy. The presence/absence of tumor invasion of the thyroid cartilage was checked by comparing the findings of enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as evaluating operative records. RI accumulation in thyroid cartilage was divided into four types (diffuse accumulation, intense diffuse accumulation, slight inhomogeneous accumulation, and intense inhomogeneous accumulation).
Tumor invasion of thyroid cartilage was noted in 2 of the 42 patients with diffuse accumulation, 1 of the 18 patients with intense diffuse accumulation, 1 of the 38 patients with slight inhomogeneous accumulation, and 17 of 22 patients with intense inhomogeneous accumulation. Because the degree of tumor invasion was highest in cases in which bone scintigraphy revealed intense inhomogeneous accumulation of RI in the thyroid cartilage, we judged this pattern of RI accumulation to be an indicator of tumor invasion. When diagnosis was based on this criterion, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 77%, 96%, and 93%, respectively (P < 0.0001, Chi-square test).
The findings of this study suggest that ossification of thyroid cartilage can be distinguished from tumor-involved thyroid cartilage on the basis of the pattern of abnormal RI accumulation in the thyroid cartilage in patients with head/neck cancer.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 01/2009; 23(1):43-8. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PET with l-methyl-(11)C-methionine ((11)C-MET) for the differentiation of recurrent brain tumors from radiation necrosis.
Seventy-seven patients who had been previously treated with radiotherapy after primary treatment for metastatic brain tumor (n=51) or glioma (n=26) were studied to clarify the diagnostic performance of (11)C-MET PET in differentiating between recurrent brain tumors and radiation necrosis. A total of 88 PET scans with (11)C-MET were obtained; sometimes more than one scan was obtained when there was an indication of recurrent brain tumor or radiation necrosis. A definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of pathologic examination for recurrent brain tumors and on the basis of pathologic examination or clinical course for radiation necrosis. Several indices characterizing the lesions were determined; these included mean and maximum standardized uptake values (SUV(mean) and SUV(max), respectively) and the ratios of lesion uptake to contralateral normal frontal-lobe gray matter uptake corresponding to the SUV(mean) and the SUV(max) (L/N(mean) and L/N(max), respectively). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal index of (11)C-MET PET and cutoff values for the differential diagnosis of tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis.
The values of each index of (11)C-MET PET tended to be higher for tumor recurrence than for radiation necrosis. There were significant differences between tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis in all of the indices except for the L/N(max) for glioma. ROC analysis indicated that the L/N(mean) was the most informative index for differentiating between tumor recurrence and radiation necrosis. An L/N(mean) of greater than 1.41 provided the best sensitivity and specificity for metastatic brain tumor (79% and 75%, respectively), and an L/N(mean) of greater than 1.58 provided the best sensitivity and specificity for glioma (75% and 75%, respectively).
(11)C-MET PET can provide quantitative values to aid in the differentiation of tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis, although these values do not appear to be absolute indicators. Quantitative analysis of (11)C-MET PET data may be helpful in managing irradiated brain tumors.
Journal of Nuclear Medicine 06/2008; 49(5):694-9. · 6.38 Impact Factor
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Jin Kotani,
Joji Kawabe, Shigeaki Higashiyama,
Etsushi Kawamura,
Ai Oe,
Takehiro Hayashi,
Hiroko Kurooka,
Chikako Tsumoto,
Makoto Kusuki,
Hideo Yamane,
Susumu Shiomi
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ABSTRACT: Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using gallium (Ga) has been frequently used for diagnosing head and neck tumors in patients. Although the usefulness of Ga-SPECT is well known, the degree of the increase in diagnostic ability with Ga-SPECT for head and neck tumors has not been reported. We compared the ability of the planar images of Ga scintigraphy, SPECT images of Ga scintigraphy, and CT images to diagnose head and neck primary tumors and neck metastases.
The subjects of this study were 167 patients with malignant head/neck lesions. For Ga scintigraphy, Ga-67-citrate (74 MBq) was injected via a cubital vein. Planar and SPECT images were taken 72 h after the Ga-67-citrate injection. The rate of detection of the primary lesions was compared first between SPECT and planar images then between SPECT and CT images. The rate of detection for each stage of disease according to the TNM classification was also analyzed.
The rate of detection of primary lesions was 50% with planar imaging and 69% with SPECT. And similarly, regarding the rate of detection of lymph node metastases, there was a significant difference between planar imaging and SPECT. The rate of detection of primary lesions was 70% for both CT and SPECT. At T stage, the rates of detection of primary lesions with each imaging technique were 11% with planar imaging and 39% with SPECT, and 22% with CT for stage T1.
This study revealed the marked superiority of SPECT images over planar images in terms of the ability to detect primary tumors and tumor metastasis to cervical lymph nodes. Furthermore, the primary T1 tumor detection rate of SPECT images was higher than that of CT images. On the basis of these results, the concomitant use of SPECT is highly recommended when Ga scintigraphy is performed to check for malignant head/neck tumors.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 06/2008; 22(4):297-300. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A contrast-enhanced mass was revealed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the left pelvic cavity of a 71-year-old man. Although the mass appeared to be a cavernous hemangioma, malignancy could not be ruled out. Abdominal angiography was performed but failed to rule out malignancy because it revealed vascular dislocation and encasement. (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) was then performed, and suggested a benign tumor, with a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 1.7. Following this finding, because the tumor was large and rupture could not be ruled out, we decided to perform surgery. The resected tumor was a benign cavernous hemangioma, consistent with the result obtained by FDG-PET.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 06/2008; 22(4):327-30. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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Clinical Nuclear Medicine 12/2007; 32(11):889-90. · 3.67 Impact Factor
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Etsushi Kawamura,
Joji Kawabe,
Chikako Tsumoto,
Takehiro Hayashi,
Ai Oe,
Hiroko Kurooka,
Jin Kotani, Shigeaki Higashiyama,
Hiroyuki Tsushima,
Daiki Habu,
Susumu Shiomi
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ABSTRACT: We report a 67-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic disseminated tuberculosis affecting the femoral trochanteric bursae, a site rarely affected by tuberculosis. For quantification of the inflammation with gallium-67 scintigraphy, we calculated the radioisotope count ratio in the most inflamed areas, the right lateral thorax and bursa of the right greater trochanter. Systemic scanning with this modality allowed evaluation of the extent of lesions and simple quantitative determination of the severity of inflammation, yielding information useful for the follow-up of the patient during the course of tuberculosis treatment.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 07/2007; 21(4):229-33. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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Etsushi Kawamura,
Daiki Habu, Shigeaki Higashiyama,
Hiroyuki Tsushima,
Yoshihiro Shimonishi,
Yuji Nakayama,
Masaru Enomoto,
Joji Kawabe,
Akihiro Tamori,
Norifumi Kawada,
Susumu Shiomi
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ABSTRACT: The extrapancreatic bile duct lesions in autoimmune pancreatitis are termed sclerosing cholangitis (SC with AIP), which is known to complicate AIP somewhat more frequently than other extrapancreatic lesions. In cases of SC with AIP, differentiation from primary SC, pancreatic cancer, and bile duct cancer is often difficult. In our patient, pancreatic cancer had to be ruled out at admission, given the findings of obstructive jaundice, pancreatic duct stenosis, and swelling of the pancreas. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was useful in checking for the presence of extrapancreatic lesions, including SC, and was also useful in the evaluation of the response to steroid therapy for following the course of AIP.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 07/2007; 21(4):223-8. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This report describes a case of secondary obsessive-compulsive disorder related to diaschisis after pontine infarction. A 71-year-old male developed obsessive images, after a pontine infarction. A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan showed a low intensity area in the right pons on T1-weighted image, while brain single photon emission computed tomography showed low cerebral blood flow in the temporal lobe as well as the pons. In this case, infarction in the pons appeared to cause dysfunction in the temporal lobe via the neural projection network, an example of so-called 'diaschisis'. This case suggests that brainstem infarction and decreased temporal lobe perfusion can lead to secondary obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 05/2007; 61(2):186-9. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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Ai Oe,
Joji Kawabe,
Kenji Torii,
Etsushi Kawamura,
Jin Kotani,
Takehiro Hayashi,
Hiroko Kurooka,
Chikako Tsumoto, Shigeaki Higashiyama,
Makoto Kusuki,
Hiroyuki Tsushima,
Hideo Yamane,
Susumu Shiomi
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ABSTRACT: Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is sometimes used as a means of follow-up after diagnosis and treatment of cancers of the head and neck region. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the ability of FDG-PET to detect local residual tumor after treatment of laryngeal cancer.
Thirty-six patients with laryngeal cancer underwent FDG-PET before and after initial treatment. Of these patients, 20 received FDG-PET before treatment and 28 received it after treatment. The relationship between standardized uptake values (SUV) and the presence or absence of local residual tumor was investigated by setting the cut-off value of the SUV using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.
When the pre-treatment SUV threshold for laryngeal cancer was set at 7.20, the detection of local residual tumor after treatment using FDG-PET had a sensitivity of 77.78%, specificity of 81.82%, false positive rate of 18.18%, false negative rate of 22.22%, accuracy of 80% and a p value of 0.02. When the post-treatment SUV threshold for the larynx was set at 3.35, the test had a sensitivity of 93.75%, specificity of 91.67%, false positive rate of 8.33%, false negative rate of 6.25%, accuracy of 92.86% and a p value of 0.0001.
FDG-PET was found to be useful for determining the presence of local residual tumor after treatment of laryngeal cancer.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 02/2007; 21(1):9-13. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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Ai Oe,
Joji Kawabe,
Kenji Torii,
Etsushi Kawamura, Shigeaki Higashiyama,
Jin Kotani,
Takehiro Hayashi,
Hiroko Kurooka,
Chikako Tsumoto,
Shoji Kubo,
Susumu Shiomi
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ABSTRACT: Because thickening of the gallbladder wall is observed not only in patients with gallbladder cancer but also in those with benign diseases such as chronic cholecystitis and gallbladder adenomyosis, it is difficult to distinguish between benign and malignant gallbladder wall thickening by conventional techniques of diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and abdominal ultrasonography (US). In the present study, we attempted to distinguish between benign and malignant gallbladder wall thickening by means of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-Positron emission tomography (PET).
FDG-PET was performed in 12 patients with gallbladder wall thickening detected by CT or US, to determine whether it was benign or malignant. Emission scans were taken, beginning 45 minutes after intravenous administration of FDG, and SUV was calculated as an indicator of glucose metabolism.
Of the 12 patients, 4 showed positive uptake of FDG in the gallbladder wall. Of these 4 patients, 3 had gallbladder cancer. The remaining one, who had chronic cholecystitis, had false-positive findings. The other 8 patients had negative uptake of FDG in the gallbladder wall. Two of these 8 underwent surgical resection, which yielded a diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis. The other 6 patients exhibited no sign of gallbladder malignancy and have been followed without active treatment.
FDG-PET appears able to distinguish between benign and malignant gallbladder wall thickening.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 01/2007; 20(10):699-703. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) has been diagnosed objectively by using single photon emission tomography (SPECT). Donepezil hydrochloride (donepezil) is available for the symptomatic treatment of DAT. In a quantitative evaluation of therapeutic response in DAT, to compare with regional cerebral blood flows (rCBF) of various lesions before and after treatment, uptake in some sorts of cerebral regions of interests (ROIs) were used to be measured. But ROI analysis has problems such as poor reproducibility and lack of objectivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the evaluation of therapeutic response by three-dimensional stereotaxic ROI template (3DSRT), fully automated ROI analysis software, which can objectively estimate rCBF.
SPECT studies and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Japan cognitive Subscale function test ADAS-Jcog, as recognitive function test were performed for 22 patients (16 females, 6 males mean age = 73.6 years) who were diagnosed as DAT. On 3DSRT, we compared ratios of the rCBF values of the parietal lobes, temporo-occipital lobes, hippocampus, corpus callosum and the frontal lobes/cerebellar hemispheres before and after medical treatment. To determine a cut-off number of areas exhibiting improved blood flow optimal as an indicator of improvement in cognitive function in response to treatment, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of number of areas improved blood flow was performed.
The number of cases exhibiting changes in cognitive function was greatest when the cut-off number of areas exhibiting improved blood flow was set at 5.
The possibility of evaluation of therapeutic response to Donepezil in patients with DAT using 3DSRT was thus demonstrated by our study.
Osaka city medical journal 01/2007; 52(2):55-62.
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Joji Kawabe, Shigeaki Higashiyama,
Kenji Torii,
Hiroko Kurooka,
Takehiro Hayashi,
Ai Oe,
Jin Kotani,
Etsushi Kawamura,
Hideki Wanibuchi,
Hirokazu Sakamoto,
Susumu Shiomi
Clinical Nuclear Medicine 01/2006; 30(12):810-2. · 3.67 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Small cell carcinoma (SmC) of the esophagus is rare, and is sometimes impossible to detect by macroscopic inspection using an endoscope or histological examination of biopsied specimens. A 73-year-old man received F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to evaluate the response to radiofrequency thermal ablation therapy for lung cancer. FDG-PET showed abnormal accumulation in the posterior mediastinum. Endoscopy disclosed ulcerous lesions with marginal elevation in the middle segment of the esophagus, but the biopsy specimen taken concurrently was not malignant histologically. FDG-PET, performed two months later, revealed abnormal accumulation in the suspect area, and the extent of accumulation was wider than previously. Histological examination of the specimen biopsied during the endoscopy led to a diagnosis of SmC. FDG-PET thus proved useful in the early detection of SmC.
Annals of Nuclear Medicine 01/2005; 18(8):699-702. · 1.50 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The authors report poor labeling of Tc-99m red blood cells (RBCs) in vivo in a radionuclide intestinal bleeding study of a patient who had recently undergone frequent blood transfusions. The existence of RBC antibodies, as a result of the recent blood transfusions in this patient, was one of the causes of the poor labeling. In radionuclide bleeding studies with patients with recent blood transfusion, Tc-99m HSA-D must be chosen instead of Tc-99m RBCs in vivo.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine 12/2003; 28(11):911-2. · 3.67 Impact Factor
