Publications (28)56.75 Total impact
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Article: Comparison of Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in the Spinal Cord Between Young Adult and Aged Beagle Dogs.
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ABSTRACT: Aging is an inevitable process that occurs in the whole body system accompanying with many functional and morphological changes. Inflammation is known as one of age-related factors, and inflammatory changes could enhance mortality risk. In this study, we compared immunoreactivities of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2 (a pro-inflammatory cytokine), its receptor (IL-2R), IL-4 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine), and its receptor (IL-4R) in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord of young adult (2-3 years old) and aged (10-12 years old) beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. IL-2 and IL-2R-immunoreactive nerve cells were found throughout the gray matter of the cervical and lumbar spinal cord of young adult and aged dogs. In the spinal cord neurons of the aged dog, immunoreactivity and protein levels were apparently increased compared with those in the young adult dog. Change patterns of IL-4- and IL-4R-immunoreactive cells and their protein levels were also similar to those in IL-2 and IL-2R; however, IL-4 and IL-4R immunoreactivity in the periphery of the neuronal cytoplasm in the aged dog was much stronger than that in the young adult dog. These results indicate that the increase of inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the aged spinal cord might be related to maintaining a balance of inflammatory reaction in the spinal cord during normal aging.Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 04/2013; · 1.97 Impact Factor -
Article: Neuronal damage and gliosis in the somatosensory cortex induced by various durations of transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils.
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ABSTRACT: Although many studies regarding ischemic brain damage in the gerbil have been reported, studies on neuronal damage according to various durations of ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) have been limited. In this study, we examined neuronal damage/death and glial changes in the somatosensory cortex 4 days after 5, 10 and 15min of transient cerebral ischemia using the gerbil. To examine neuronal damage, we used Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a marker for neuronal degeneration) histofluorescence staining as well as cresyl violet (CV) staining and neuronal nuclei (NeuN, neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry. In the somatosensory cortex, some CV and NeuN positive ((+)) neurons were slightly decreased only in layers III and VI in the 5min ischemia-group, and the number of CV(+) and NeuN(+) neurons were decreased with longer ischemic time. F-J B histofluorescence staining showed a clear neuronal damage in layers III and VI, and the number of F-J B(+) neurons was increased with time of ischemia-reperfusion: in the 15min ischemia-group, the number of F-J B(+) neurons was much higher in layer III than in layer VI. In addition, we immunohistochemically examined gliosis of astrocytes and microglia using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and anti- ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) antibody, respectively. In the 5min ischemia-group, GFAP(+) astrocytes and Iba-1(+) microglia were distinctively increased in number, and their immunoreactivity was stronger than that in the sham-group. In the 10 and 15min ischemia-groups, numbers of GFAP(+) and Iba-1(+) glial cells were much more increased with time of ischemia-reperfusion; in the 15min ischemia-group, their distribution patterns of GFAP(+) and Iba-1(+) glial cells were similar to those in the 10min ischemia-group. Our fining indicates that neuronal death/damage and gliosis of astrocytes and microglia were apparently increased with longer time of ischemia-reperfusion.Brain research 03/2013; · 2.46 Impact Factor -
Article: Reduced Beta-Catenin Expression in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Transient Cerebral Ischemia in the Gerbil.
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ABSTRACT: Beta-catenin, a transcription factor, plays a critical role in cell survival and degradation after stroke. In this study, we examined changes of expression in beta-catenin in the hippocampal CA1 region of the gerbil following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. We observed neuronal damage using cresyl violet staining, neuronal nuclei immunohistochemistry and Fluro-Jade B immunofluorescence. Four days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R), most of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region were damaged. In addition, early damage in dendrites was detected 1 day after I-R by immunohistochemical staining for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2), and MAP-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the CA1 region 4 days after I-R. We found that beta-catenin (a synapse-enriched cell adhesion molecule) was well expressed in dendrites before I-R. Its immunoreactivity was well colocalized with MAP-2. Chronological change of beta-catenin immunoreactivity was novelty in the present study. Twelve hours after I-R, its immunoreactivity was decreased in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 region, however, its immunoreactivity was increased 1 and 2 days after I-R, and decreased sharply 4 days after I-R. However, we did not find any change in beta-catenin immunoreactivity in the CA2 and CA3 region. In brief, we suggest that early change of beta-catenin expression in the stratum pyramidale of ischemic hippocampal CA1 region is associated with early dendrite damage following transient cerebral ischemia.Neurochemical Research 03/2013; · 2.24 Impact Factor -
Article: Neuroprotection of a Novel Synthetic Caffeic Acid-Syringic Acid Hybrid Compound against Experimentally Induced Transient Cerebral Ischemic Damage.
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ABSTRACT: We investigated effects of caffeic acid, syringic acid, and their synthesis on transient cerebral ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region. In the 10 mg/kg caffeic acid-, syringic acid-, and 20 mg/kg syringic-treated ischemia groups, we did not find any significant neuroprotection in the ischemic hippocampal CA region. In the 20 mg/kg caffeic acid- and 10 mg/kg caffeic acid-syringic acid-treated ischemia groups, moderate neuroprotection was found in the hippocampal CA1 region. In the 20 mg/kg caffeic acid-syringic acid-treated ischemia group, a strong neuroprotective effect was found in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region: about 89 % of hippocampal CA1 region pyramidal neurons survived. We also observed changes in glial cells (astrocytes and microglia) in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region in all the groups. Among them, the distribution pattern of the glial cells was only in the 20 mg/kg caffeic acid-syringic acid-treated ischemia group similar to that in the sham group (control). In brief, 20 mg/kg caffeic acid-syringic acid showed a strong neuroprotective effect with an inhibition of glia activation in the hippocampal CA1 region induced by transient cerebral ischemia.Planta Medica 02/2013; · 2.15 Impact Factor -
Article: Differences of calcium binding proteins immunoreactivities in the young hippocampal CA1 region from the adult following transient ischemic damage.
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ABSTRACT: It has been reported that the young were much more resistant to transient cerebral ischemia than in the adult. In the present study, we examined that about 90% of CA1 pyramidal cells in the adult gerbil hippocampus died at 4days after ischemia-reperfusion; however, in the young hippocampus, about 56% of them died at 7days after ischemia-reperfusion. We compared immunoreactivities and levels of calcium binding proteins (CBPs), such as calbindin 28k (CB-D28k), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV). The immunoreactivities and protein levels of all the CBPs in the young sham were higher than those in the adult sham. In the adult, the immunoreactivities and protein levels of all the CBPs were markedly decreased at 4days after ischemia-reperfusion, however, in the young, they were apparently maintained. At 7days after ischemia-reperfusion, they were decreased in the young, however, they were much higher than those in the adult. In brief, the immunoreactivities and levels of CBPs were not decreased in the ischemic CA1 region of the young 4days after transient cerebral ischemia. This finding indicates that the longer maintenance of CBPs may contribute to a less and more delayed neuronal death/damage in the young.Journal of the neurological sciences 01/2013; · 2.32 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of the immunoreactivities of NMDA receptors between the young and adult hippocampal CA1 region induced by experimentally transient cerebral ischemia.
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ABSTRACT: Young gerbils are much more resistant to transient cerebral ischemia than the adult. In the present study, we observed that about 90% of CA1 pyramidal cells in the adult hippocampus died 4days post-ischemia; however, about 56% of them in the young hippocampus died at 7days post-ischemia. To compare excitotoxicity between them, we carried out immunoreactivities of NMDA receptor 1 (NMDAR1) and NMDAR2A/B in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) induced by 5min of transient cerebral ischemia in the young and adult gerbils. Their immunoreactivities and protein levels in the young sham-group were much lower than those in the adult sham-group. Four days after ischemia-reperfusion, they were significantly decreased in the adult ischemia-group; however, in the young ischemia-group, they were much higher than those in the adult. Seven days after ischemia-reperfusion, NMDAR1 immunoreactivity and its level in the young were much higher than those in the adult; NMDAR2A/B immunoreactivity and its level in the young were lower than in the adult. In brief, the immunoreactivities of NMDARs were not decreased in the ischemic CA1 region of the young 4days after transient cerebral ischemia. This finding indicates that longer maintenance of NMDARs may contribute to less and more delayed neuronal death/damage in the young CA1.Journal of the neurological sciences 12/2012; · 2.32 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of neuroprotective effects of five major lipophilic diterpenoids from Danshen extract against experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemic damage.
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ABSTRACT: We observed neuroprotective effects of five major lipophilic diterpenes derived from Danshen (Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza) extract, such as cryptotanshinone (CTs), dihydrotanshinone I (DTsI), tanshinone I (TsI), tanshinone IIA (TsIIA) and tanshinone IIB (TsIIB), in the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) against transient ischemic damage in gerbils. These diterpenes were administered 30min before ischemia-reperfusion and the animals were sacrificed 4days after ischemia-reperfusion. In the vehicle-treated-group, cresyl violet positive (CV(+)) cells and neuronal nuclei (NeuN)(+) neurons were significantly decreased in the CA1. However, in the TsI- and CTs-treated-ischemia-groups, CV(+) and NeuN(+) neurons were abundant in the CA1. In the other groups, the number of CV(+) and NeuN(+) neurons was less than the TsI- and CTs-treated-ischemia-groups. In addition, gliosis induced by ischemic damage was apparently blocked in the TsI- and CTs-treated-ischemia-groups. These results suggest that TsI and CTs among five major lipophilic diterpenes have strong potentials for neuroprotection against ischemic damage.Fitoterapia 09/2012; · 1.85 Impact Factor -
Article: Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.
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ABSTRACT: Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100 ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6 h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6 h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6 h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6 h post-treatment, respectively.Experimental Brain Research 09/2012; 223(2):271-80. · 2.39 Impact Factor -
Article: Effects of Transient Cerebral Ischemia on the Expression of DNA Methyltransferase 1 in the Gerbil Hippocampal CA1 Region.
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ABSTRACT: DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification of DNA that is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt). Increasing evidences suggest that DNA methylation in neurons regulates synaptic plasticity as well as neuronal network activity. In the present study, we investigated the changes in DNA methyltransferases 1 (Dnmt1) immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region after 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia. CA1 pyramidal neurons were well stained with NeuN (a neuron-specific soluble nuclear antigen) antibody in the sham-group, Four days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R), NeuN-positive ((+)) cells were significantly decreased in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the CA1 region, and many Fluro-Jade B (a marker for neuronal degeneration)(+) cells were observed in the SP. Dnmt1 immunoreactivity was well detected in all the layers of the sham-group. Dnmt1 immunoreactivity was hardly detected only in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region from 4 days post-ischemia; however, at these times, Dnmt1 immunoreactivity was newly expressed in GABAergic interneurons or astrocytes in the ischemic CA1 region. In addition, the level of Dnmt1 was lowest at 4 days post-ischemia. In brief, both the Dnmt1 immunoreactivity and protein levels were distinctively decreased in the ischemic CA1 region 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia. These results indicate that the decrease of Dnmt1 expression at 4 days post-ischemia may be related to ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death.Neurochemical Research 09/2012; · 2.24 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of Alpha-Synuclein Immunoreactivity in the Hippocampus Between the Adult and Aged Beagle Dogs.
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ABSTRACT: Alpha-synuclein (α-syn), as a neuroprotein, is expressed in neural tissue, and it is related to a synaptic transmission and neuronal plasticity. In this study, we compared the distribution and immunoreactivity of α-syn and related gliosis in hippocampus between young adult (2-3 years) and aged (10-12 years) beagle dogs. In both groups, α-syn immunoreactivity was detected in neuropil of all the hippocampal sub-regions, but not in neuronal somata. In the aged hippocampus, α-syn immunoreactivity was apparently increased in mossy fibers compared to that in the adult dog. In addition, α-syn protein level was markedly increased in the aged hippocampus. On the other hand, GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity in astrocytes and microglia, respectively, were increased in all the hippocampal sub-regions of the aged group compared to that in the adult group: especially, their immunoreactivity was apparently increased around mossy fibers. In addition, in this study, we could not find any expression of α-syn in astrocytes and microglia. These results indicate that α-syn immunoreactivity apparently increases in the aged hippocampus and that GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity are also apparently increased at the regions with increased α-syn immunoreactivity. This increase in α-syn expression might be a feature of normal aging.Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 09/2012; · 1.97 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of alpha-synuclein immunoreactivity in the spinal cord between the adult and aged beagle dog.
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ABSTRACT: Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a presynaptic protein that is richly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems of mammals, and it is related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we compared the distribution of the immunoreactivity of α-syn and its related gliosis in the spinal cord of young adult (2-3 years) and aged (10-12 years) beagle dogs. We discovered that α-syn immunoreactivity was present in many neurons in the thoracic level of the aged spinal cord, however, its protein level was not distinct inform that of the adult spinal cord. In addition, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (a marker for microglia) immunoreactivity, and not glial fibrillary acidic protein (a marker for astrocytes) immunoreactivity, was somewhat increased in the aged group compared to the adult group. These results indicate that α-syn immunoreactivity was not dramatically changed in the dog spinal cord during aging.Laboratory animal research. 09/2012; 28(3):165-70. -
Article: Effects of ADHD therapeutic agents, methylphenidate and atomoxetine, on hippocampal neurogenesis in the adolescent mouse dentate gyrus.
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ABSTRACT: Methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATX) are commonly used as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) therapeutic agents. In the present study, we investigated the effects of MPH and ATX on cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the adolescent mouse by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry. BrdU-positive ((+)) cells, DCX(+) cells and BrdU(+)/NeuN(+) neurons (BrdU(+) cells with NeuN immunoreaction) were easily detected in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG in the vehicle-, MPH- and ATX-treated groups. Among them, only in the 10mg/kg MPH-treated group, the numbers of BrdU(+), DCX(+) and BrdU(+)/NeuN(+) cells were significantly increased compared to those in the vehicle-treated group. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level was significantly increased in 10mg/kg MPH-treated group, not in the other experimental groups, compared to the vehicle-treated group. These results indicate that MPH, not ATX, can enhance cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the SGZ of the DG via increasing BDNF level.Neuroscience Letters 07/2012; 524(2):84-8. · 2.11 Impact Factor -
Article: Protective effects of a novel synthetic alpha-lipoic Acid-decursinol hybrid compound in experimentally induced transient cerebral ischemia.
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ABSTRACT: Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a natural antioxidant, is widely used for the treatment of some diseases including diabetes, and decursinol (DA), a constituent of root of Angelica gigas Nakai, has some pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory function. In this study, we synthesized a novel synthetic alpha-lipoic acid-decursinol (ALA-DA) hybrid compound, and compared neuroprotective effects of ALA, DA or ALA-DA against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region induced by 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. In the 10 and 20 mg/kg ALA-, DA- and 10 mg/kg ALA-DA-pre-treated-ischemia-groups, there were no neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage 4 days after ischemic injury. However, 20 mg/kg ALA-DA pre-treatment protected pyramidal neurons from ischemic damage in the CA1 region. In addition, 20 mg/kg ALA-DA pre-treatment markedly decreased the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the CA1 region 4 days after ischemic injury. On the other hand, post-treatment with the same dosages of them did not show any neuroprotective effect against ischemic damage. In brief, these findings indicate that pre-treatment with ALA-DA, not ALA or DA alone, can protect neurons from ischemic damage in the hippocampus induced by transient cerebral ischemia via the decrease of glial activation.Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 07/2012; 32(7):1209-21. · 1.97 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of Glial Activation in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Between The Young and Adult Gerbils After Transient Cerebral Ischemia.
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ABSTRACT: It has been reported that young animals are less vulnerable to brain ischemia. In the present study, we compared gliosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of the young gerbil with those in the adult gerbil induced by 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia by immunohistochemistry and western blot for glial cells. We used male gerbils of postnatal month 1 (PM 1) as the young and PM 6 as the adult. Neuronal death in CA1 pyramidal neurons in the adult gerbil occurred at 4 days posti-schemia; the neuronal death in the young gerbil occurred at 7 days post-ischemia. The findings of glial changes in the young gerbil after ischemic damage were distinctively different from those in the adult gerbil. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-immunoreactive astrocytes, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba-1), and isolectin B4-immunoreactive microglia in the ischemic CA1 region were activated much later in the young gerbil than in the adult gerbil. In brief, very less gliosis occurred in the hippocampal CA1 region of the young gerbil than in the adult gerbil after transient cerebral ischemia.Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 05/2012; 32(7):1127-38. · 1.97 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of Trophic Factors Changes in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Between the Young and Adult Gerbil Induced by Transient Cerebral Ischemia.
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89 %) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59 % of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 05/2012; · 1.97 Impact Factor -
Article: Neuroprotective effect of fucoidin on lipopolysaccharide accelerated cerebral ischemic injury through inhibition of cytokine expression and neutrophil infiltration.
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ABSTRACT: In our previous study, we reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated microglia and accelerated cerebral ischemic injury in the rat brain through the overexpression of cytokines in microglia. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the intraperitoneal administration of fucoidin, a potent inhibitor of leukocyte rolling and anti-inflammatory agent, against accelerated cerebral ischemic injury by LPS pretreatment using rats. We found that fucoidin treatment inhibited the expressions of some brain cytokine or chemokine mRNA such as IL-8, TNF-α and iNOS in the brain of the rats treated only with LPS. We also observed that fucoidin treatment dramatically decreased the infarct size in accelerated cerebral ischemic injury induced by LPS treatment at an early time after ischemic injury. In addition, the immunoreactivity of myleoperoxidase (MPO), a marker for quantifying neutrophil accumulation, was distinctively decreased in the ischemic brain of the fucoidin-treated rat. In brief, our results indicate that fucoidin showed a neuroprotective effect on LPS accelerated cerebral ischemic injury through inhibiting the expression of some cytokine/chemokine and neutrophil recruitments.Journal of the neurological sciences 05/2012; 318(1-2):25-30. · 2.32 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of inflammatory cytokines changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil after transient cerebral ischemia.
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ABSTRACT: Young animals appear much less vulnerable to ischemic insults. In present study, we compared neuronal damage and changes in the immunoreactivities and levels of inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and its receptor (IL-2Rβ), IL-4 and IL-13 as anti-inflammatory cytokines, in the hippocampal CA1 region between adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most (about 89%) of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons showed neuronal damage only in the adult gerbil at 4 days post-ischemia; in the young ischemia-group, about 61% of CA1 pyramidal neurons showed neuronal damage at 7 days post-ischemia. Thereafter, the neuronal damage in the CA1 pyramidal neurons was not significantly changed in both the groups. IL-2 and IL-2Rβ immunoreactivity in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the CA1 region was similar in both the sham groups. At 4 days post-ischemia, IL-2 and IL-2Rβ immunoreactivity in the adult SP was dramatically decreased; however, in the young SP, they were not changed, and they were decreased at 7 days post-ischemia. IL-4 and IL-13 immunoreactivity in the SP of the young sham-group were much lower than those in the adult group. Four days after ischemia-reperfusion, they were dramatically decreased in the adult ischemia-group; however, at this time, they were markedly increased in the young ischemia-group. In brief, our findings indicate that IL-2, 2Rβ, IL-4 and IL-13 immunoreactivity in young gerbils was similar or low compared to those in the adult, and they were decreased at 4 days post-ischemia in the adult; however, at this time, they were distinctively increased in the young.Brain research 04/2012; 1461:64-75. · 2.46 Impact Factor -
Article: Changes in ribosomal protein S3 immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the gerbil hippocampus following subacute and chronic restraint stress.
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ABSTRACT: Ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3), a multi-functional protein, has been known to participate in DNA repair mechanism. In this study, we investigated changes in rpS3 immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the sub-regions of the gerbil hippocampus following subacute and chronic restraint stress. Serum corticosterone levels were increased in both the subacute and chronic-stress-groups compared to the control-group: the level in the subacute-stress-group was much higher than that in the chronic-stress-group. We could not find any neuronal damage in all the sub-regions of the hippocampus after both the subacute and chronic restraint stress. In the subacute-stress-group, rps3 immunoreactivity was not different compared to the control-group. However, rps3 immunoreactivity in the chronic-stress-group was decreased compared to the subacute-stress-group: especially, the immunoreactivity was markedly decreased in the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus proper (CA1-CA3 region) and granule cells of the dentate gyrus. In addition, western blot analysis also showed that rpS3 protein levels in the chronic-stress-group were significantly decreased compared to those in the subacute-stress-group. These findings indicate that chronic stress, not subacute stress, can decrease rpS3 immunoreactivity.Neurochemical Research 03/2012; 37(7):1428-35. · 2.24 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of the immunoreactivity of Trx2/Prx3 redox system in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, we compared the immunoreactivities and levels of Trx/prx redox system, thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2) and peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3), as well as neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region between the adult and young gerbil after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. At 4 days post-ischemia, pyramidal neurons (about 90%) in the adult stratum pyramidale of the CA1 region showed "delayed neuronal death (DND)"; however, at this time point, few pyramidal neurons showed DND in the young stratum pyramidale. At 7 days post-ischemia, about 56% of pyramidal neurons showed DND in the young stratum pyramidale. The immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the young sham-group were similar to those in the adult sham-group. At 4 days post-ischemia, the immunoreactivity of TrxR2, not Trx2 and Prx3 in the adult ischemia-group was dramatically decreased in CA1 pyramidal neurons. At this time point, the immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the young ischemia-group were apparently increased compared to the adult ischemia-group. From 7 days pots-ischemia, non-pyramidal cells showed the immunoreactivities of all the antioxidants in the ischemic CA1 region; however, in the young ischemia-groups, the immunoreactivities were much lower than those in the adult ischemia-groups. In brief, our results showed that the immunoreactivities of Trx2, TrxR2 and Prx3 were dramatically increased in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the young ischemia-groups at 4 days post-ischemia compared to those in the adult ischemia-groups induced by transient cerebral ischemia.Neurochemical Research 01/2012; 37(5):1019-30. · 2.24 Impact Factor -
Article: Comparison of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus between the adult and aged gerbil following transient global cerebral ischemia.
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ABSTRACT: In the present study, we compared differences in cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and neuronal maturation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) between the adult and aged gerbil induced by 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia using Ki-67 and BrdU (markers for cell proliferation), doublecortin (DCX, a marker for neuroblast differentiation) and neuronal nuclei (NeuN, a marker for mature neuron). The number of Ki-67-immunoreactive (⁺) cells in the DG of both the groups peaked 7 days after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the number in the aged DG was 40.6 ± 1.8% of that in the adult DG. Thereafter, the number decreased with time. After ischemic damage, DCX immunoreactivity and its protein level in the adult and aged DG peaked at 10 and 15 days post-ischemia, respectively. However, DCX immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the aged DG were much lower than those in the adult. DCX immunoreactivity and its protein level in the aged DG were 11.1 ± 0.6% and 34.4 ± 2.1% of the adult DG, respectively. In addition, the number of Ki-67⁺ cells and DCX immunoreactivity in both groups were similar to those in the sham at 60 days postischemia. At 30 days post-ischemia, the number of BrdU⁺ cells and BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells in the adult-group were much higher (281.2 ± 23.4% and 126.4 ± 7.4%, respectively) than the aged-group (35.6 ± 6.8% and 79.5 ± 6.1%, respectively). These results suggest that the ability of neurogenesis in the ischemic aged DG is much lower than that in the ischemic adult DG.Neurochemical Research 01/2012; 37(4):802-10. · 2.24 Impact Factor
Top co-authors
Top Journals
Institutions
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2012–2013
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Daegu University
Keizan, North Gyeongsang, South Korea
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2011–2013
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Kangwon National University
Syunsen, Gangwon, South Korea
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2010–2011
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Hallym University
- College of Medicine
Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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