-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The response styles theory by Nolen-Hoeksema (J Abnorm Psychol 100:569–582, 1991) suggests that rumination in response to depressed mood exacerbates and prolongs depression, while distraction ameliorates
it. In addition, research has shown that rumination is associated with several undesirable interpersonal outcomes, including
greater interpersonal problems and less satisfying social support. In a sample of depressed patients (n=67) receiving cognitive-behavioral therapy, the current study investigated whether patients’ use of ruminative and distractive
responses to depressed mood influences the therapeutic alliance and the patients’ receptivity to therapeutic interventions.
Ruminative responses were neither predictive of the therapeutic alliance nor of patients’ receptivity. However, the more the
patients reported distractive responses to depressed mood, the better therapists judged their receptivity in therapy and the
better they evaluated the therapeutic alliance. In the course of therapy, distractive responses were also associated with
patients’ ratings of the alliance. Implications for future research and psychotherapeutic practice are discussed.
KeywordsDepression–Rumination–Distraction–Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Cognitive Therapy and Research 04/2012; 36(1):15-24. · 1.33 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Resource-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy (ROCBT) and cognitive therapy (CT) have been shown to be effective treatments for social anxiety disorder. However, so far few studies have examined the long-term effectiveness of these treatments. Thus, there is little information available about the durability of change in treated patients with social anxiety disorder.
This study examined the effectiveness of both treatments at 2-year and 10-year follow-up assessments. Patients who received ROCBT or CT were re-contacted after 2 (n = 51), and 10 years (n = 27), respectively, and completed a battery of self-report questionnaires.
Treatment gains were maintained over the 2-year follow-up on all measures. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement on 2 social anxiety measures between posttreatment and the 10-year follow-up. ROCBT and CT did not differ in overall effectiveness.
The results suggest that both treatments are effective and durable approaches in the treatment of social anxiety disorder.
Journal of Clinical Psychology 03/2012; 68(6):581-91. · 2.12 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), it is proposed that training in mindfulness should reduce the tendency of formerly depressed patients to enter into ruminative thinking, thus reducing their risk of depressive relapse. However, data showing that rumination is associated with depressive relapse are lacking.
In an uncontrolled study with 24 formerly depressed patients, rumination was assessed with the Ruminative Response Scale. To assess the occurrence of relapse or recurrence, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was administered 12 months after the end of the MBCT.
Rumination significantly decreased during the MBCT course. Post-treatment levels of rumination predicted the risk of relapse of major depressive disorder in the 12-month follow-up period even after controlling for numbers of previous episodes and residual depressive symptoms.
The results provide preliminary evidence that rumination is important in the process of depressive relapse.
Psychology and psychotherapy. 06/2011; 84(2):230-6.
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Resource activation is considered to be a central mechanism in psychotherapeutic change. However, it is widely unknown whether a special focus on resource activation is associated with higher efficacy in cognitive behavioural therapy.
52 patients with unipolar depression took part in a randomized controlled study comparing cognitive behavioural therapy plus resource activation (RFCBT) with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) alone.
Overall, treatment effects were comparable to published research. In both treatment groups patients equally improved on cognitive, emotional and interpersonal outcome measures.
A combined treatment approach of cognitive behavioural therapy and resource activation was shown to be an effective treatment of unipolar depression. Yet, compared to a standard CBT-treatment an additional focus on resource was not associated with higher efficacy.
PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie 02/2011; 61(7):295-302. · 1.02 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The response styles theory by Nolen-Hoeksema suggests that rumination in response to depressed mood exacerbates and prolongs depression, while distraction ameliorates it. This article reviews experimental, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on the association between rumination, distraction and depressed affect. Furthermore studies on the influence of ruminative and distractive responses to the treatment of depressed patients are presented. Summarizing research results it can be said, that rumination puts persons at risk of experiencing intensified symptoms of depression as well as the onset of a major depressive episode. Whereas laboratory studies have reliably shown that inducing distractive responses reduces negative affect - cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have not produced clear or consistent results. Research results, research methodology and the scope of response styles theory are discussed.
PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie 03/2010; 61(3-4):126-32. · 1.02 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: During the past decade, theoretical approaches have emerged that call into question the presumption that self-esteem is an absolute prerequisite for healthy functioning. The present study addressed the question of whether a non-judgmental accepting stance towards experience moderates the relationship between self-esteem and depression. In a sample of 216 undergraduate students, self-esteem was assessed with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965), acceptance with the ‘accept without judgment’ subscale of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004), and depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck & Steer, 1987). Results showed that non-judgmental acceptance moderates the relationship between self-esteem and depression. In persons with low mindful acceptance, self-esteem was much more closely associated with depression than in persons with high mindful acceptance. These findings suggest that an accepting, allowing, and non-judgmental stance towards present-moment experience might buffer the detrimental effects of low self-esteem on depression.
Personality and Individual Differences 50(5):751-754. · 1.88 Impact Factor
