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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The scientific evidence for the association of daily flavonoid and stilbene intakes with cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adults has not been reported previously. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess daily flavonoid and stilbene intakes and evaluate these compounds' association with cardiovascular risk factors such as serum lipids and carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese adults. DESIGN: A total of 1,393 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study from July 2008 to January 2010 in China. Dietary flavonoid and stilbene intakes as well as overall dietary intakes from foods and beverages were assessed with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and cardiovascular risk factors including serum lipids, uric acid, and carotid intima-media thickness were examined. The relationship between flavonoids and stilbene intakes and these cardiovascular risk factors was examined using either partial correlation coefficients or analysis of covariance. RESULTS: The richest sources of flavonoids and stilbenes were the fruit group including apple, plum, pear, and peach, followed by the vegetable group containing lotus root and taro. The daily intake of total flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, and stilbene were 165.6 mg/day, 27.6 mg/day, 123.7 mg/day, 10.7 mg/day, 3.7 mg/day, and 0.3 mg/day, respectively. Higher daily consumption of anthocyanidins was associated with elevated serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations (P trend=0.001), and higher total flavonoid and flavonol intakes were associated with lower serum triglycerides (TG) concentrations (P trend=0.020 and P trend=0.035, respectively) and TG/HDL-C ratios (P trend=0.040 and P trend=0.045, respectively) in female subjects. These significant relationships were not found in male subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The daily intakes of flavonoid and stilbene were estimated in the present study, and higher dietary flavonoid intake was associated with improving lipid profile in Chinese women. The results indicate that dietary flavonoids may have beneficial effect on preventing cardiovascular diseases.
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 03/2013;
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ABSTRACT: AIM: To investigate the role of Cytochrome P4502E1 in sensitizing Kupffer cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation after ethanol induction. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a liquid ethanol diet, control diet or ethanol diet supplemented with CYP2E1 inhibitor, chlormethiazole (CMZ), for 4 weeks. Hepatic CYP2E1 protein, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 protein and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA were measured. In vitro, isolated Kupffer cells from control rats were exposed to ethanol with different CMZ concentration; CYP2E1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were compared. The identified CMZ concentration was further utilized to evaluate the role of CYP2E1 on the sensitization of ethanol-induced Kupffer cell to LPS. The effect of LPS alone was tested in controlled Kupffer cells without ethanol. TNF-α, nuclear NF-κB p65 and cytoplasm IκB-α were monitored for all groups. RESULTS: Ethanol feeding increased hepatic CYP2E1 level, nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α expression in rats. These changes were inhibited by CMZ supplementation. In cultured Kupffer cells, increased CYP2E1 content and ROS production by in vitro ethanol induction were dose-dependently inhibited by CMZ. Compared with LPS alone, the ethanol induction group produced significantly more TNF-α, nuclear NF-κB p65 and less cytoplasm IκB-α under LPS stimuli. CMZ abolished the effects of ethanol on LPS-stimulated NF-κB translocation and TNF-α generation in Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION: In cultured Kupffer cell, using CMZ as inhibitor, ethanol-induced CYP2E1 overexpression was proved to contribute to the sensitization of Kupffer cells to LPS stimuli, with amplification of ROS production and activation of NF-κB, resulting in increased TNF-α production.
Hepatology Research 01/2013; · 2.20 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Objective and designAs a common phytochemical, cyanidin 3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) has a role in inhibiting inflammatory mediators; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The
purpose of this study was to explore the effect of C3G on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNFα and IL-6 expression in
the human monocyte/macrophage cell line THP-1, and to explore the mechanisms involved.
MethodsDifferentiated THP-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of C3G (0.005, 0.05, 0.5,10μM) in the absence or presence
of 1ng/mL LPS. mRNA expression levels were detected by real time PCR, and secretion of TNFα and IL-6, phosphorylated IκBα,
and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) P65 were monitored by ELISA or Western blotting analysis. The role of an inhibitor of
IκBα phosphorylation, BAY 11-7082, in C3G inhibition of LPS-induced cytokines expression was investigated.
ResultsC3G (0.05–0.5μM) treatment significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated TNFα and IL-6 mRNA expression and secretion of these proteins
by THP-1 cells. Phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB nuclear translocation could be blocked by 0.5μM C3G. BAY 11-7082 treatment
abolished C3G-induced reduction of TNFα and IL-6.
ConclusionOur results suggest that C3G exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting IκBα phosphorylation, thereby suppressing
NF-κB activity in THP-1 cells.
KeywordsCyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside-Inflammation-IκBα-IL-6-TNFα
Inflammation Research 04/2012; 59(9):723-730. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds that impart color to fruits, vegetables, and plants. This study aims to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions of anthocyanins from mulberry (M. atropurpurea Roxb.) using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken experiment was employed in this regard. Methanol concentration, microwave power, and extraction time were chosen as independent variables. The optimized conditions of MAE were as follows: 59.6% acidified methanol, 425 W power, 25 (v/w) liquid-to-solid ratio, and 132 s time. Under these conditions, 54.72 mg anthocyanins were obtained from 1.0 g mulberry powder. Furthermore, 8 anthocyanins were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) in mulberry extract. The results showed that cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside are the major anthocyanins in mulberry. In addition, in comparison with conventional extraction, MAE is more rapid and efficient for extracting anthocyanins from mulberry.
Journal of Food Science 01/2012; 77(1):C46-50. · 1.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Preliminary evidence in support of fruit intake for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between fruit consumption and cardiovascular risk factors such as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in patients with T2DM. In this cross-sectional study, 407 patients with T2DM were recruited from August 2007 to December 2009. Dietary assessment based on 3-day 24-hour recall interviews, hsCRP levels, and CIMT were examined. Participants were categorized into three tertiles based on fruit intake. Comparisons of the participants' clinical characteristics among the three categories were performed using either one-way analysis of variance or analysis of covariance. In patients with type 2 diabetes with CIMT ≥1 mm, the intake of fruit was lower (P=0.001), whereas the serum hsCRP level was higher (P<0.001) compared with patients showing CIMT <1 mm. Results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of CIMT and hsCRP were 8% and 31% lower, respectively, in participants in the top tertile compared with those in the lowest tertile (P=0.018 and P<0.001, respectively) after adjustment for potential confounders. Hence, a reduction in hsCRP concentration and CIMT were found to be associated with an increase in fruit intake. Sufficient daily intake of fruits should, therefore, be considered as an important component of a medical nutritional therapy strategy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2DM.
Journal of the American Dietetic Association 10/2011; 111(10):1536-42. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Anthocyanins have been shown to improve endothelial function in animal models. However, whether these compounds have similar beneficial effects in humans is largely unknown.
In a short-term crossover study, 12 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given oral anthocyanins (320 mg) isolated from berries or placebo. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed before and after the intervention. In a long-term intervention trial (12 weeks), 150 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given anthocyanins (320 mg/day, n = 75) or placebo (n = 75), after which we measured FMD, plasma cGMP, and other serum biomarkers. Another short-term intervention was conducted in the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors in 6 people and in a rat aortic ring model (n = 8).
Significant increases of FMD from 8.3% (0.6%) at baseline to 11.0% (0.8%) at 1 h and 10.1% (0.9%) at 2 h were observed after short-term anthocyanin consumption, concomitantly with increases of plasma anthocyanin concentrations (P < 0.05). In the study participants who received long-term anthocyanin intervention, compared with the control group, we observed significant increases in the FMD (28.4% vs 2.2%), cGMP (12.6% vs -1.2%), and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but decreases in the serum soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 and LDL cholesterol concentrations (P < 0.05). The changes in the cGMP and HDL cholesterol concentrations positively correlated with FMD in the anthocyanin group (P < 0.05). In the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors, the effects of anthocyanin on endothelial function were abolished in human participants and in a rat aortic ring model.
Anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic individuals. This effect involves activation of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway, improvements in the serum lipid profile, and decreased inflammation.
Clinical Chemistry 09/2011; 57(11):1524-33. · 7.91 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Our previous studies have demonstrated that anthocyanin extract from black rice (AEBR) inhibits atherosclerosis. Whether dietary AEBR supplementation can affect platelet function, an important factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, remains unclear. The aim of the present study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of dietary AEBR supplementation on platelet function and lipid profile in dyslipidemic rats. We demonstrated herein that thromboxane A(2), the thrombogenic ratio of thromboxane A₂ and prostacyclin, serum calmodulin, and soluble P-selectin were significantly decreased in rats fed a high fat diet supplemented with AEBR. AEBR supplementation also remarkably lowered serum triglyceride and raised hepatic CPT-1 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that dietary intake of AEBR reduces platelet hyperactivity, hypertriglyceridemia, and body weight gain, and facilitates in the maintenance of optimal platelet function in dyslipidemic rats induced by high fat diets.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 06/2011; 59(12):6759-64. · 2.82 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-g)-rich foods have been reported to inhibit the onset of obesity, but whether the pure anthocyanin supplementation affects obesity remains uncertain.
Cy-3-g supplementation significantly reduced obesity, accumulation of fat in visceral adipose and liver tissues, and plasma triglyceride levels. Furthermore, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase phosphorylation (pAMPK) in the skeletal muscle and visceral adipose were significantly increased by Cy-3-g consumption. This was followed by the activation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in plasma and skeletal muscle but the suppression of this enzyme in visceral adipose. LPL activation in skeletal muscle cells and its suppression in adipocytes by Cy-3-g were blocked by inhibition of pAMPK.
Our present data thus demonstrate that Cy-3-g improves obesity and triglyceride metabolism in KK-Ay mice. The underlying mechanism is found to be partly related to the activation of LPL in plasma and skeletal muscle, and inhibition of LPL in adipose tissue following the activation of pAMPK.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 02/2011; 91(6):1006-13. · 1.44 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: As a common phytochemical, cyanidin 3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G) has a role in inhibiting inflammatory mediators; however, its mechanism of action remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of C3G on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TNFalpha and IL-6 expression in the human monocyte/macrophage cell line THP-1, and to explore the mechanisms involved.
Differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of C3G (0.005, 0.05, 0.5,10 microM) in the absence or presence of 1 ng/mL LPS. mRNA expression levels were detected by real time PCR, and secretion of TNFalpha and IL-6, phosphorylated IkappaBalpha, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) P65 were monitored by ELISA or Western blotting analysis. The role of an inhibitor of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, BAY 11-7082, in C3G inhibition of LPS-induced cytokines expression was investigated.
C3G (0.05-0.5 microM) treatment significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated TNFalpha and IL-6 mRNA expression and secretion of these proteins by THP-1 cells. Phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation could be blocked by 0.5 microM C3G. BAY 11-7082 treatment abolished C3G-induced reduction of TNFalpha and IL-6.
Our results suggest that C3G exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through inhibiting IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, thereby suppressing NF-kappaB activity in THP-1 cells.
Agents and Actions 03/2010; 59(9):723-30. · 1.59 Impact Factor
