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Ramin Darbandi-Tonkabon,
Brad D Manion, William R Hastings,
William J Craigen,
Gustav Akk,
John R Bracamontes,
Yejun He,
Tatiana V Sheiko,
Joseph H Steinbach,
Steven J Mennerick,
Douglas F Covey,
Alex S Evers
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ABSTRACT: Neuroactive steroids modulate the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors in brain; this is the presumed basis of their action as anesthetics. In a previous study using the neuroactive steroid analog, (3alpha,5beta)-6-azi-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (6-AziP), as a photoaffinity-labeling reagent, we showed that voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) was the predominant protein labeled in brain. Antisera to VDAC-1 were shown to coimmunoprecipitate GABA(A) receptors, suggesting a functional relationship between steroid binding to VDAC-1 and modulation of GABA(A) receptor function. This study examines the contribution of steroid binding to VDAC proteins to modulation of GABA(A) receptor function and anesthesia. Photolabeling of 35-kDa protein with [(3)H]6-AziP was reduced 85% in brain membranes prepared from VDAC-1-deficient mice but was unaffected by deficiency of VDAC-3. The photolabeled 35-kDa protein in membranes from VDAC-1-deficient mice was identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry as VDAC-2. The absence of VDAC-1 or VDAC-3 had no effect on the ability of neuroactive steroids to modulate GABA(A) receptor function as evidenced by radioligand ([(35)S] t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate) binding or by electrophysiological studies. Electrophysiological studies also showed that neuroactive steroids modulate GABA(A) receptor function normally in VDAC-2-deficient fibroblasts transfected with alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) GABA(A) receptor subunits. Finally, the neuroactive steroid pregnanolone [(3alpha,5beta)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one] produced anesthesia (loss of righting reflex) in VDAC-1- and VDAC-3-deficient mice, and there was no difference in the recovery time between the VDAC-deficient mice and wild-type controls. These data indicate that neuroactive steroid binding to VDAC-1, -2, or -3 is unlikely to mediate GABA(A) receptor modulation or anesthesia.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 03/2004; 308(2):502-11. · 3.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Neuroactive steroids modulate the function of gamma-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABA(A)) receptors in the central nervous system by an unknown mechanism. In this study we have used a novel neuroactive steroid analogue, 3 alpha,5 beta-6-azi-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (6-AziP), as a photoaffinity labeling reagent to identify neuroactive steroid binding sites in rat brain. 6-AziP is an effective modulator of GABA(A) receptors as evidenced by its ability to inhibit binding of [(35)S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate to rat brain membranes and to potentiate GABA-elicited currents in Xenopus oocytes and human endothelial kidney 293 cells expressing GABA(A) receptor subunits (alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2)). [(3)H]6-AziP produced time- and concentration-dependent photolabeling of protein bands of approximately 35 and 60 kDa in rat brain membranes. The 35-kDa band was half-maximally labeled at a [(3)H]6-AziP concentration of 1.9 microM, whereas the 60-kDa band was labeled at higher concentrations. The photolabeled 35-kDa protein was isolated from rat brain by two-dimensional PAGE and identified as voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) by both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight and ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. Monoclonal antibody directed against the N terminus of VDAC-1 immunoprecipitated labeled 35-kDa protein from a lysate of rat brain membranes, confirming that VDAC-1 is the species labeled by [(3)H]6-AziP. The beta(2) and beta(3) subunits of the GABA(A) receptor were co-immunoprecipitated by the VDAC-1 antibody suggesting a physical association between VDAC-1 and GABA(A) receptors in rat brain membranes. These data suggest that neuroactive steroid effects on the GABA(A) receptor may be mediated by binding to an accessory protein, VDAC-1.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 05/2003; 278(15):13196-206. · 4.77 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Neuroactive steroids modulate the function of γ-aminobutyric acid, type A (GABAA) receptors in the central nervous system by an unknown mechanism. In this study we have used a novel neuroactive steroid
analogue, 3α,5β-6-azi-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (6-AziP), as a photoaffinity labeling reagent to identify neuroactive steroid
binding sites in rat brain. 6-AziP is an effective modulator of GABAA receptors as evidenced by its ability to inhibit binding of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate to rat brain membranes and to potentiate GABA-elicited currents inXenopus oocytes and human endothelial kidney 293 cells expressing GABAA receptor subunits (α1β2γ2). [3H]6-AziP produced time- and concentration-dependent photolabeling of protein bands of ∼35 and 60 kDa in rat brain membranes.
The 35-kDa band was half-maximally labeled at a [3H]6-AziP concentration of 1.9 μm, whereas the 60-kDa band was labeled at higher concentrations. The photolabeled 35-kDa protein was isolated from rat brain
by two-dimensional PAGE and identified as voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) by both matrix-assisted laser desorption
ionization time-of-flight and ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. Monoclonal antibody directed against the N terminus of VDAC-1
immunoprecipitated labeled 35-kDa protein from a lysate of rat brain membranes, confirming that VDAC-1 is the species labeled
by [3H]6-AziP. The β2and β3 subunits of the GABAA receptor were co-immunoprecipitated by the VDAC-1 antibody suggesting a physical association between VDAC-1 and GABAA receptors in rat brain membranes. These data suggest that neuroactive steroid effects on the GABAA receptor may be mediated by binding to an accessory protein, VDAC-1.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 04/2003; 278(15):13196-13206. · 4.77 Impact Factor
