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Kazutaka Mori,
Toshihiro Shirai,
Masashi Mikamo,
Yuichiro Shishido, Takefumi Akita,
Satoru Morita,
Kazuhiro Asada,
Masato Fujii,
Hironao Hozumi,
Takafumi Suda,
Kingo Chida
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ABSTRACT: The coexistence of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis is known as combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). The aim of this study was to compare the lung mechanics measured by multi-frequency forced oscillation technique (FOT) among patients with CPFE, interstitial pneumonia (IP), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). FOT and pulmonary function tests were performed in 41 patients with CPFE, 47 with IP, and 86 with COPD. Whole-breath resistance at 20Hz was significantly lower in patients with CPFE than in those with IP or COPD, irrespective of the severity of airflow limitation. Within-breath analyses of resistance revealed no difference among the 3 groups; however, the difference between inspiratory and expiratory phases of reactance at 5Hz, which reflects expiratory flow limitation, in patients with CPFE was significantly higher than in those with IP and lower than in those with COPD. In conclusion, both emphysema and fibrosis affect lung mechanics in CPFE, leading to different findings from IP or COPD alone.
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 10/2012; · 2.24 Impact Factor
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Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology: official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 05/2012; 108(5):379-80. · 2.83 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method with which to measure respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) at a wide range of frequencies during breathing at rest in a short time. The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in Rrs and Xrs between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma using a new method of FOT with colored 3-dimensional visualization.
Fifty-one patients with stable COPD and 49 patients with controlled or partly controlled asthma were enrolled. Whole-breath or within-breath changes of Rrs and Xrs were measured and compared between the diseases.
The colored 3-dimensional images clarified the complex oscillatory properties of the respiratory system. Whole-breath resistance (the difference in Rrs at 5 and 20 Hz) and reactance (Xrs at 5 Hz and resonant frequency), and within-breath changes in reactance (Xrs at 5 Hz and resonant frequency) discriminated between patients with COPD and asthma. In multivariate regression analyses, inspiratory-expiratory differences in Xrs at 5 Hz contributed significantly to the differentiation between COPD and asthma, independent of age, gender, body weight, and pulmonary function.
This new method of FOT is useful in the differential diagnosis of COPD and asthma.
COPD Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 12/2011; 8(6):456-63. · 1.79 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The involvement of inflammation in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been investigated using samples from relatively central airways such as airway biopsies, but there have been fewer studies in the peripheral lung, which is thought to be the main site of the disease process. To determine the molecules that relate to the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of COPD, we evaluated the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, oxidant enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, proteinases and antiproteinases in peripheral lung tissues from 33 COPD and non-COPD subjects who were undergoing lung resection for lung cancer using an RT-PCR technique. Among the 42 studied candidate genes, the expressions of mRNA for catalase, glutathion S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), glutathion S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEPHX) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) were significantly decreased in COPD lung tissues compared with those in non-COPD tissues, and most of these decreases were significantly correlated with the degree of airflow limitation. On the other hand, the expressions of mRNA for interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 8 (IL-8), growth-related oncogene-alpha (Gro-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly increased in COPD lungs. Most of these changes were also associated with cigarette smoking. These data suggest that an impairment of protective mechanisms against oxidants and xenobiotics, in addition to the upregulation of CXC- and CC-chemokines, may be associated with cigarette smoking and involved in the inflammatory process of COPD.
Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 02/2007; 20(5):596-605. · 2.80 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Reactive oxygen species have been reported to be involved in the airway inflammatory process of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to quantify the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates a potent radical superoxide anion in COPD airways. Thirteen stable COPD patients and 10 healthy subjects participated in this study. We collected the epithelial lining fluid using a newly developed microsampling technique, and quantified of cytokines responsible for the XO gene upregulation. The XO activity was significantly increased in COPD patients compared with that in healthy subjects. A significant negative correlation was found between the XO activity and the %FEV1 values. The level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma in COPD patients was significantly higher than that in healthy subjects. Both the amount of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta were significantly correlated with the degree of XO activity. These results suggest that the XO activity is increased in COPD airways, possibly due to its gene upregulation by proinflammatory cytokines. Because the XO activity was significantly correlated with the degree of airway obstruction, these cytokine-XO production pathways may play a key role in the inflammation of COPD.
Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 02/2005; 18(4):297-302. · 2.80 Impact Factor
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Hisatoshi Sugiura,
Masakazu Ichinose,
Masafumi Tomaki,
Hiromasa Ogawa,
Akira Koarai,
Tomomi Kitamuro,
Yuichi Komaki, Takefumi Akita,
Hirohito Nishino,
Shinichiro Okamoto,
Takaaki Akaike,
Toshio Hattori
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ABSTRACT: Because reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have potent inflammatory activity, they may be involved in the inflammatory process in pulmonary diseases. We recently reported increased numbers of 3-nitrotyrosine immunopositive cells, which are evidences of RNS production, in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and patients with asthma compared with healthy subjects. In the present study, we attempted to quantify this protein nitration in the airways by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) used together with an electrochemical detection system that we developed. Sputum samples were obtained from 15 stable COPD patients, 9 asthmatic patients and 7 healthy subjects by using hypertonic saline inhalation. The values for the molar ratio of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine/tyrosine in patients with asthma (4.31 +/- 1.13 x 10(-6), p < 0.05) and patients with COPD (3.04 +/- 0.36 x 10(-6), p < 0.01) were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (1.37 +/- 0.19 x 10(-6)). The levels of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine in the airways were not significantly different in asthmatic patients and COPD patients. A significant negative correlation was found between values for protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine/tyrosine and % FEV1 values in patients with COPD (r = -0.53, p < 0.05) but not in patients with asthma. These results suggest that our HPLC-electrochemical method is useful for quantifying RNS production in human airways. More importantly, they show that increased RNS production in the airways seems to contribute in a critical way to the pathogenesis of COPD, and that the effects of RNS in airways may differ in asthma and COPD.
Free Radical Research 01/2004; 38(1):49-57. · 2.88 Impact Factor
