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[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: The survival time in a group of eight bitches with malignant mammary tumours given adjuvant post-operative chemotherapy was compared with survival in another group of eight bitches with mammary cancer which were treated by surgical excision alone. The same surgical procedure was used in both groups. All bitches had stage III disease according to the World Health Organization clinical staging system. Histologically, 10 of the bitches had complex carcinomas (carcinomatous mixed tumours), the remaining six bitches had carcinosarcomas. The chemotherapeutic protocol used was a combination of 5-fluorouracil (150 mg/m2 of body surface area) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m2) given on the same day, intravenously, every week for four consecutive weeks. Chemotherapy was started one week post-surgery. Selected haematological parameters (packed cell volume, white blood cell count, platelet count and differential white blood cell count) and serum biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) were measured before and during chemotherapy. Survival analysis indicated that the chemotherapeutic regimen had a positive influence on the disease-free interval and the survival time of the eight bitches (P < 0.05). Although leucocyte numbers were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) during chemotherapy, the mean leucocyte counts remained within normal limits. Temporary leukopenia was noted only in one bitch. Packed cell volume and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly (P < 0.05) but within normal limits. Creatinine was also increased significantly (P < 0.01) but the mean creatinine concentrations were within normal limits, although in half of the bitches the concentrations occasionally rose above normal.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 06/2008; 48(2):85 - 96. · 0.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Increased serum activity of total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) has been found in dogs with mammary neoplasms, especially malignant mixed tumors. We hypothesized that the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BALP), a specific indicator of osteoblastic activity and bone formation, may contribute to increased TALP in dogs with mammary neoplasms with osseous transformation.
The purpose of this study was to compare serum TALP, BALP, and other ALP isoenzyme activities in dogs with mammary malignant neoplasms with and without osseous transformation.
Twenty-one female dogs with malignant mammary neoplasms were compared with 21 clinically healthy, age-matched female control dogs. Physical, clinicopathologic (including preprandial and postprandial serum bile acids, ACTH stimulation, and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests), radiographic, and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on all dogs with tumors to assess coexisting conditions. On the basis of histologic examination of excised tumors, dogs were further classified as having epithelial (n = 11) or mesenchymal/mixed (epithelial-mesenchymal) (n = 10) neoplasms, the latter of which had histologic and radiologic evidence of bone formation. Serum TALP, BALP, liver alkaline phosphatase (LALP), and corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase (CALP) activities were measured using biochemical methods.
Dogs with malignant mammary tumors had significantly higher (P < .05) median serum TALP (170 U/L), BALP (59 U/L), LALP (49 U/L), and CALP (24 U/L) activities, compared with control dogs (81, 32, 37, and 5 U/L, respectively). Significantly higher activities of BALP and LALP were found in dogs with epithelial neoplasms; whereas, only CALP activity was higher in dogs with mesenchymal/mixed neoplasms. There was no significant difference in TALP or isoenzyme activitities between epithelial and mesenchymal/mixed groups.
BALP activity is increased in some dogs with malignant mammary tumors but does not account for the increase in TALP in dogs with neoplasms that have osseous transformation.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology 09/2006; 35(3):287-90. · 1.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Background: Increased serum activity of total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) has been found in dogs with mammary neoplasms, especially malignant mixed tumors. We hypothesized that the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BALP), a specific indicator of osteoblastic activity and bone formation, may contribute to increased TALP in dogs with mammary neoplasms with osseous transformation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare serum TALP, BALP, and other ALP isoenzyme activities in dogs with mammary malignant neoplasms with and without osseous transformation. Methods: Twenty-one female dogs with malignant mammary neoplasms were compared with 21 clinically healthy, age-matched female control dogs. Physical, clinicopathologic (including preprandial and postprandial serum bile acids, ACTH stimulation, and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests), radiographic, and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on all dogs with tumors to assess coexisting conditions. On the basis of histologic examination of excised tumors, dogs were further classified as having epithelial (n=11) or mesenchymal/mixed (epithelial-mesenchymal) (n=10) neoplasms, the latter of which had histologic and radiologic evidence of bone formation. Serum TALP, BALP, liver alkaline phosphatase (LALP), and corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase (CALP) activities were measured using biochemical methods. Results: Dogs with malignant mammary tumors had significantly higher (P < .05) median serum TALP (170 U/L), BALP (59 U/L), LALP (49 U/L), and CALP (24 U/L) activities, compared with control dogs (81, 32, 37, and 5 U/L, respectively). Significantly higher activities of BALP and LALP were found in dogs with epithelial neoplasms; whereas, only CALP activity was higher in dogs with mesenchymal/mixed neoplasms. There was no significant difference in TALP or isoenzyme activitities between epithelial and mesenchymal/mixed groups. Conclusion: BALP activity is increased in some dogs with malignant mammary tumors but does not account for the increase in TALP in dogs with neoplasms that have osseous transformation.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology 08/2006; 35(3):287 - 290. · 1.56 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The human "Elston and Ellis grading method" was used in dogs with mammary carcinoma to examine its relation to prognosis in this species, based on a 2-year follow-up period. Of the 85 cases examined, 27(31.8%) had well-differentiated (grade I), 28 (32.9%) had moderately differentiated (grade II) and 30 (35.3%) had poorly differentiated (grade III) carcinomas. Two years after mastectomy, significant differences in survival between cases with different tumour grade were found; thus, survival was worse in dogs with grade III carcinomas than in those with grade II (P<0.05) or grade I (P<0.001) tumours. However, in dogs with simple carcinomas which had a less favourable prognosis than that of other carcinomas (P<0.001), there was no significant difference in survival between grade II and grade III cases (P=0.878), both having a very poor prognosis. Undifferentiated (grade III) carcinoma cases had a 21-fold increased risk of death as compared with differentiated (grade I and II) carcinoma cases. An increased risk (about 10-fold) was also associated with undifferentiated simple carcinomas as compared with differentiated ones. The predictive value of histological grade was not influenced by tumour size or age of the dog at mastectomy; nodal metastasis, however, worsened the prognosis (P<0.001). Routine use of this human grading method would help the clinician to make a more accurate prognosis in the interests of post-surgical management in dogs with mammary carcinomas.
Journal of Comparative Pathology 11/2005; 133(4):246-52. · 1.65 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Bone healing is monitored mainly by physical and serial radiologic examinations of the fracture site. However, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish a delayed union from a nonunion, and advanced imaging techniques may not be available. Serum biochemical markers of bone formation, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, may be clinically useful in evaluating the progress of healing.
The purpose of this study was to correlate serial values of serum ALP activity with the process of fracture healing in dogs and to assess its potential as a postsurgical prognostic indicator.
Changes in serum ALP activity were studied in 83 dogs with closed long bone diaphyseal fractures treated surgically. Physical and radiologic examinations of the fracture site and determination of serum ALP activity and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) concentrations were performed on admission (day 0); postoperatively on days 10, 20, and 30; and subsequently on a monthly basis until bone union was completed or signs of nonunion were evident. The dogs were allocated into 3 groups with respect to the fracture healing progress as documented by physical and serial radiologic examination.
Group A dogs (n=35) developed a medium-sized callus that led to bone union within 2 months. Group B dogs (n=36) had a hypertrophic callus and delayed union, within 3-5 months. Group C dogs (n=12) had slow progress in fracture healing, with minimal callus formation during a 2-month period. Changes in mean serum ALP activity followed the same pattern in groups A and B, reaching a maximum level on day 10. Group A values returned to normal within 2 months, at which point bone union was complete, whereas group B values remained increased and returned to normal within 3-5 months, thus correlating with delayed union. In Group C, mean serum ALP activities showed no significant changes during the 2-month follow-up period, consistent with failure of bone union (nonunion). Serum P and Ca changes followed a proportional and inverse pattern to ALP changes, respectively.
Serial determination of serum ALP activity during fracture healing could be an additional tool in predicting fractures at risk of developing a nonunion, helping the clinician to choose the appropriate intervention.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology 02/2005; 34(1):35-8. · 1.56 Impact Factor
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Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 06/2003; 1(5):1116-7. · 5.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to explore a possible association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and cervical neoplasia. A total of 229 women were subjected to cytologic and colposcopic evaluation. Ninety-one of them were found to be normal, and served as the control group, while the other 138 of them had present or past histologically proven cervical pathology (patients group). All patients and controls were investigated for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Statistical analysis between the groups of cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive cervical cancer and the control group did not reveal any statistically significant difference in the frequency of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism.
Cancer Letters 04/2003; 191(2):187-91. · 4.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We investigated the efficacy of docetaxel (D) in combination with carboplatin (C) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Since 1996, 123 with inoperable NSCLC were enrolled in the study; 120 (108 males, 12 females; mean age 58.0+/-8.3 years) were evaluated. Of those, 46 patients had squamous carcinoma, 44 adenocarcinoma, 11 large cell carcinoma and 19 undifferentiated tumours. Eligibility criteria included, documented inoperable NSCLC, WHO performance status (PS) 0-1, age up to 70 years, and normal renal and hepatic function. A total of 622 cycles of chemotherapy (CHT) (median 7 (95% CI 6.2-7.47), courses per patient) were administered. Each cycle consisted of 100 mg/m(2) of docetaxel in a 2-h infusion with C at a dose of area under the curve (AUC) of 6 on day 1. This regimen was repeated every 28 days up to eight cycles. Of the patients, five (4%) achieved complete response, 49 (40%) partial response, 47 (39%) had stable disease and 19 (15%) had progressive disease. The median survival was 12 months for all patients, 12 for the four patients with stage IIb disease, 18 for the patients with stage IIIa disease, 20 for the 29 patients with stage IIIb disease, and 11 for the 65 stage IV patients. The median time to progression was 8 months (90 patients). Toxicity was, grade 3/4 neutropenia, 18 patients (15%); grade 3/4 anaemia, 6 patients (5%); and tolerable peripheral neuropathy, 16 patients (13.3%). Responders received radiotherapy (total dose, 50 Gy in 4 weeks) between the 6th and 8th cycle. Among responders with initial stage IIIb disease, 7 (5%) underwent surgical resection. Patients with early progression of the disease received the same dose of radiotherapy between 2nd and 3rd cycle. The study is ongoing, and six patients (5%) are still alive (after 3 years). Preliminary results indicate that the D/C combination is very active in the treatment of NSCLC with tolerable toxicity. It appears that this drug combination is also good as neoadjuvant therapy in inoperable NSCLC patients.
Lung Cancer 07/2001; 32(3):281-7. · 3.43 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The survival time in a group of eight bitches with malignant mammary tumours given adjuvant post-operative chemotherapy was compared with survival in another group of eight bitches with mammary cancer which were treated by surgical excision alone. The same surgical procedure was used in both groups. All bitches had stage III disease according to the World Health Organization clinical staging system. Histologically, 10 of the bitches had complex carcinomas (carcinomatous mixed tumours), the remaining six bitches had carcinosarcomas. The chemotherapeutic protocol used was a combination of 5-fluorouracil (150 mg/m2 of body surface area) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m2) given on the same day, intravenously, every week for four consecutive weeks. Chemotherapy was started one week post-surgery. Selected haematological parameters (packed cell volume, white blood cell count, platelet count and differential white blood cell count) and serum biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) were measured before and during chemotherapy. Survival analysis indicated that the chemotherapeutic regimen had a positive influence on the disease-free interval and the survival time of the eight bitches (P < 0.05). Although leucocyte numbers were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) during chemotherapy, the mean leucocyte counts remained within normal limits. Temporary leukopenia was noted only in one bitch. Packed cell volume and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly (P < 0.05) but within normal limits. Creatinine was also increased significantly (P < 0.01) but the mean creatinine concentrations were within normal limits, although in half of the bitches the concentrations occasionally rose above normal.
Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 03/2001; 48(2):85-96. · 0.93 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In 1998, Storey and co-workers suggested that individuals homozygous for arginine (Arg) at codon 72 of the p53 gene are about seven times more susceptible to human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinogenesis than heterozygotes. Since then, several studies from Northern Europe, Japan and the USA have failed to demonstrate a similar correlation. By contrast, a study in Brazil as well as one recent study in Italian and Swedish populations showed strong positive associations. We examined the frequency of p53 codon 72 polymorphism in samples from both invasive and intra-epithelial cervical neoplasias (CIN), and compared them with samples from healthy controls. All 88 samples came from women with a Greek ethnic background. Tissue specimens were collected from archival material with histologically diagnosed low-grade CIN (LGCIN), high-grade CIN (HGCIN) or cervical cancer (CxCa). As a control, we used cellular material newly collected by cytobrush from the cervices of 30 healthy women with normal cytological and colposcopical examinations. p53 Arg homozygosity (Arg/Arg) alone was associated with four-, six- or eight-fold increased risks for LGCIN, HGCIN or invasive cancer, respectively. The frequency of the p53Arg/Arg genotype and of the proline (Pro) allele showed significant linear trends according to the degree of severity of the lesion (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.0009, respectively). Exclusion of the ten HPV16/18-negative cases did not substantially alter the Arg/Arg frequency among the groups nor the significant linear trend. Our results confirm the initial findings of Storey and co-workers, as well as the data of the Brazilian and the recent European study, but do not accord with those of the other aforementioned studies. Variations in ethnic background, laboratory performance, verification of the HPV status, definition of controls, and sample size are the most plausible explanations for this controversy. In all our samples, the distribution of the p53 alleles fits the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the 0.48 frequency of the Pro allele in our controls accords well with the percentages previously reported for different ethnic groups as characteristic of the assumed north-south cline. Some authors assert that the discrepancy in the results could not be attributed to differences in the methods; however, the Brazilian study emphasized the effect of inter-laboratory variation in detecting the association between p53 polymorphism and cervical cancer. Regarding the control group, our samples were only from women with a cytologically and colposcopically benign cervical epithelium. We think that simply choosing 'normal volunteers' for collecting control DNA blood samples without knowing the status of their cervical epithelium is indeed a possible source of bias. Finally, it is very unlikely that loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus could be a factor interfering with the allelotype distribution. Our present small study results, which suggest a biologically relevant association, provide strong evidence that homozygous arginine at codon 72 of p53 may confer a higher susceptibility to HPV-associated intra-epithelial and invasive cervical neoplasia.
European Journal of Cancer Prevention 05/2000; 9(2):113-8. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: In an attempt to estimate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity among asymptomatic, cytologically normal Greek women, and the possible associations between HPV infection and other demographic, sexual, behavioural and sociological parameters, we undertook an epidemiological study of 226 clinically normal women from an outpatient gynaecological clinic in Northern Greece. The polymerase chain reaction was used for detection of HPV DNA and dot blot hybridization analysis for HPV typing (only for the high-risk types 16 and 18). Eighty-two of the 226 women examined (36.3%) were positive for HPV DNA, 6.6% (15/226) were positive for HPV-16 DNA and only 1.3% (3/226) were positive for HPV-18 DNA. From all epidemiological correlates, age and residence showed a negative correlation with risk of HPV infection, whereas use of contraceptive intrauterine device, class II or III result of the last Papanicolaou cytological examination, history of painful inflammatory disease of inner genitals and frequent washing of the genital area, particularly during the menstrual period, were positively correlated with increased risk of HPV infection. No association was found between HPV DNA positivity and other well-known risk factors for cervical cancer, confirming the observations of other authors that sexual behaviour, a significant risk factor for cervical cancer, is not inevitably correlated with risk of HPV infection.
European Journal of Cancer Prevention 05/1995; 4(2):159-67. · 2.13 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The human “Elston and Ellis grading method” was used in dogs with mammary carcinoma to examine its relation to prognosis in this species, based on a 2-year follow-up period. Of the 85 cases examined, 27(31.8%) had well-differentiated (grade I), 28 (32.9%) had moderately differentiated (grade II) and 30 (35.3%) had poorly differentiated (grade III) carcinomas. Two years after mastectomy, significant differences in survival between cases with different tumour grade were found; thus, survival was worse in dogs with grade III carcinomas than in those with grade II (P<0.05) or grade I (P<0.001) tumours. However, in dogs with simple carcinomas which had a less favourable prognosis than that of other carcinomas (P<0.001), there was no significant difference in survival between grade II and grade III cases (P=0.878), both having a very poor prognosis. Undifferentiated (grade III) carcinoma cases had a 21-fold increased risk of death as compared with differentiated (grade I and II) carcinoma cases. An increased risk (about 10-fold) was also associated with undifferentiated simple carcinomas as compared with differentiated ones. The predictive value of histological grade was not influenced by tumour size or age of the dog at mastectomy; nodal metastasis, however, worsened the prognosis (P<0.001). Routine use of this human grading method would help the clinician to make a more accurate prognosis in the interests of post-surgical management in dogs with mammary carcinomas.
Journal of Comparative Pathology.
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Maria Karayannopoulou,
Μαρία Καραγιαννοπούλου,
Panayiotis Loukopoulos,
Παναγιώτης Λουκόπουλος,
L G Papazoglou,
V. Tsioli,
T. L. Anagnostou,
N. Assaloumidis, T.C. Constantinidis,
A N Assimopoulou,
E. Kaldrymidou,
V P Papageorgiou
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ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The healing efficacy of isohexenylnaphthazarins (IHN) has been well proved on chronic or contaminated wounds.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the wound healing activity of an experimental ointment containing IHN on acute and noncontaminated wounds in dogs. METHODS: In each of six beagle dogs, four full-thickness skin defects were created bilaterally: one 2 x 2 cm defect on the lateral aspect of each arm for subjective evaluation, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and planimetry and three 1.5 x 1.5 cm defects on opposite sides of the dorsal midline for histologic evaluation. Wounds on the left were treated with an ointment based on IHN and on the right with another based on petroleum jelly (Vaseline) and beeswax. RESULTS: Wound size decreased significantly in both sides. The significantly increased percentage of epithelialization was higher (p = .0274) in the petroleum jelly-treated wounds on day 20. Tissue perfusion (LDF) increased significantly bilaterally in the center of the wound but only in the IHN-treated side cranial to the wound. Histologically, angiogenesis was significantly higher (p = .0431) on day 5 in the IHN-treated wounds compared with the petroleum jelly-treated wounds. Collagen production increased significantly bilaterally. CONCLUSION: The IHN-based ointment promoted some of the proliferative processes, but it did not enhance the overall wound healing of acute, surgically created wounds in dogs. Προηγούμενες μελέτες έχουν δείξει ότι οι ισοεξενυλναφθαζαρίνες (isohexenylnaphthazarins, IHN) έχουν επουλωτικές ικανότητες όσον αφορά χρόνια ή επιμολυσμένα τραύματα. Ο σκοπός της πειραματικής αυτής εργασίας ήταν η αξιολόγηση της επουλωτικής ικανότητας μίας αλοιφής η οποία περιέχει IHN σε οξέα και μη-επιμολυσμένα (εγχειρητικά) τραύματα στο σκύλο. Για το σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν έξι σκύλοι φυλής Beagle. Σε κάθε ζώο δημιουργήθηκαν αμφοτερόπλευρα τέσσερα δερματικά ελλείμματα ολικού πάχους ως εξής: ένα έλλειμμα 2x2 cm στη βραχιόνια χώρα για την κλινική εκτίμηση της επούλωσης, την μέτρηση της αιματικής ροής (LDF) και την εμβαδομετρία (μέτρηση της επιφάνειας του τραύματος), και τρία ελλείμματα 1,5x1,5 cm δημιουργήθηκαν σε αντίθετες πλευρές της ραχιαίας μέσης γραμμής για την εξέταση των ιστολογικών παραμέτρων. Στα τραύματα τα οποία δημιουργήθηκαν στην αριστερή πλευρά εφαρμοζόταν καθημερινά και μέχρι την επούλωση των τραυμάτων η εξεταζόμενη αλοιφή και στα τραύματα τα οποία δημιουργήθηκαν στη δεξιά πλευρά χρησιμοποιήθηκε μία αλοιφή με βάση τη βαζελίνη και τον κηρό μελισσών. Η επιφάνεια των τραυμάτων μειώθηκε σημαντικά και στις δύο πλευρές. Το ποσοστό επιθηλιοποίησης των τραυμάτων ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικά υψηλότερο (p = .0274) στα τραύματα στα οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε η αλοιφή με βάση τη Vaseline την ημέρα 20. Η αιμάτωση (LDF) αυξήθηκε σημαντικά στο κέντρο των τραυμάτων αμφοτερόπλευρα, ωστόσο αυξήθηκε κρανιακά του τραύματος μόνο στα τραύματα στα οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε αλοιφή περιέχουσα IHN. Με βάση την ιστολογική εξέταση, ο βαθμός αγγειογένεσης ήταν σημαντικά υψηλότερος (p = .0431) την ημέρα 5 στα τραύματα στα οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε αλοιφή περιέχουσα IHN σε σύγκριση με τα τραύματα στα οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε η αλοιφή με βάση τη Vaseline. Η παραγωγή κολλαγόνου αυξήθηκε σημαντικά αμφοτερόπλευρα. Συμπερασματικά, η αλοιφή περιέχουσα IHN η οποία αξιολογήθηκε στην παρούσα εργασία, αν και βελτίωσε μερικές από τις παραμέτρους οι οποίες σχετίζονται με την επούλωση, δεν βελτίωσε συνολικά την διαδικασία επούλωσης οξέων, μη-επιμολυσμένων τραυμάτων στο σκύλο σε σύγκριση με τα τραύματα στα οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκε η αλοιφή με βάση τη Vaseline.
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The survival time in a group of eight bitches with malignant mammary tumours given adjuvant post-operative chemotherapy was compared with survival in another group of eight bitches with mammary cancer which were treated by surgical excision alone. The same surgical procedure was used in both groups. All bitches had stage III disease according to the World Health Organization clinical staging system. Histologically, 10 of the bitches had complex carcinomas (carcinomatous mixed tumours), the remaining six bitches had carcinosarcomas. The chemotherapeutic protocol used was a combination of 5-¯uorouracil (150 mg/m2 of body surface area) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m2) given on the same day, intravenously, every week for four consecutive weeks. Chemotherapy was started one week post-surgery. Selected haematological parameters (packed cell volume, white blood cell count, platelet count and differential white blood cell count) and serum biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) were measured before and during chemotherapy. Survival analysis indicated that the chemotherapeutic regimen had a positive in¯uence on the disease-free interval and the survival time of the eight bitches (P < 0.05). Although leucocyte numbers were signi®cantly decreased (P < 0.001) during chemotherapy, the mean leucocyte counts remained within normal limits. Temporary leukopenia was noted only in one bitch. Packed cell volume and alkaline phosphatase increased signi®cantly (P < 0.05) but within normal limits. Creatinine was also increased signi®cantly (P < 0.01) but the mean creatinine concentrations were within normal limits, although in half of the bitches the concentrations occasionally rose above normal.
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M. Karayannopoulou,
Μ. Καραγιαννοπούλου,
Z S Polizopoulou,
A F Koutinas,
A Fytianou,
N Roubies,
E. Kaldrymidou,
V. Tsioli,
M N Patsikas, T.C. Constantinidis,
C K Koutinas
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background: Increased serum activity of total alkaline phosphatase (TALP) has been found in dogs with mammary neoplasms,especially malignant mixed tumors. We hypothesized that the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (BALP), a specific indicator of osteoblastic activity and bone formation, may contribute to increased TALP in dogs with mammary neoplasms with osseous transformation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare serum TALP, BALP, and other ALP isoenzyme activities in dogs with mammary malignant neoplasms with and without osseous transformation. Methods: Twenty-one female dogs with malignant mammary neoplasms were compared with 21 clinically healthy, age-matched female control dogs. Physical, clinicopathologic (including preprandial and postprandial serum bile acids, ACTH stimulation, and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests), radiographic, and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on all dogs with tumors to assess coexisting conditions. On the basis of histologic examination of excised tumors, dogs were further classified as having epithelial (n511) or mesenchymal/mixed (epithelial-mesenchymal) (n510) neoplasms, the latter of which had histologic and radiologic evidence of bone formation. Serum TALP, BALP, liver alkaline phosphatase (LALP), and corticosteroid-induced alkaline phosphatase (CALP) activities were measured using biochemical methods. Results: Dogs with malignant mammary tumors had significantly higher (P ,.05) median serum TALP (170 U/L), BALP (59 U/L), LALP (49 U/L), and CALP (24 U/L) activities, compared with control dogs (81, 32, 37, and 5 U/L, respectively). Significantly higher activities of BALP and LALP were found in dogs with epithelial neoplasms; whereas, only CALP activity was higher in dogs with mesenchymal/mixed neoplasms. There was no significant difference in TALP or isoenzyme activitities between epithelial and mesenchymal/mixed groups. Conclusion: BALP activity is increased in some dogs with malignant mammary tumors but does not account for the increase in TALP in dogs with neoplasms that have osseous transformation.
