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ABSTRACT: In addition to active duty military members and their dependents, retired military members and the members of their immediate families are eligible for eye care in military medical treatment facilities. We recorded refractive errors, age, sex, and race for 4,595 individual beneficiaries visiting optometry clinics at two U.S. Air Force medical treatment facilities during 2005 to 2006. Evaluation revealed most patients requiring optical correction were myopic, or near-sighted, and there was an increase in the degree of myopia between ages 4 and 23. That trend is reversed at age 30 and, by age 60, most patients are hyperopic, or far-sighted. Both trends were true for both sexes and all ethnicities studied. The degree of astigmatism was distributed similarly between races and age groups. Presbyopia occurred at similar ages and progressed at similar rates in all ethnicities and both sexes.
Military medicine 10/2008; 173(9):913-7. · 0.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The efficacy of opaque contact lenses as occlusion therapy for amblyopia has been established in the literature. Prosthetic contact lenses use similar tints to improve cosmesis in scarred or deformed eyes and may be an alternative in occlusion therapy. To test this idea, we determined the degree of vision penalization elicited by prosthetic contact lenses and their effect on peripheral fusion.
We tested 19 CIBA Vision DuraSoft 3 Prosthetic soft contact lenses with varying iris prints, underprints, and opaque pupil sizes in 10 volunteers with best-corrected Snellen distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better in each eye. Snellen visual acuity and peripheral fusion using the Worth 4-Dot test at near were measured on each subject wearing each of the 19 lenses.
Results were analyzed with 3-factor analysis of variance. Mean visual acuity through the various lenses ranged from 20/79 to 20/620. Eight lenses allowed preservation of peripheral fusion in 50% or more of the subjects tested. Iris print pattern and opaque pupil size were significant factors in determining visual acuity (p < 0.05).
Sufficient vision penalization can be achieved to make occlusion with prosthetic contact lenses a viable therapy for amblyopia. The degree of penalization can be varied and different iris print patterns and pupil sizes, using peripheral fusion, can be preserved with some lenses. Prosthetic contact lenses can be more cosmetically appealing and more tolerable than other amblyopia treatment modalities. These factors may improve compliance in occlusion therapy.
Journal of AAPOS: the official publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus / American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 07/2008; 12(6):565-8. · 1.07 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Prescription eyewear can be used to aid in forensic investigations. Until now, investigators and consulted eye professionals have been limited to a simple "match" or "no match" judgment. This article introduces optometry to a Web-based tool that can be used to assess the strength of a match between spectacle prescriptions and recorded patient information.
Three databases with more than 385,000 individual prescriptions were used to create the Web tool that calculates the frequency with which a prescription occurs in various U.S. populations. A search for any prescription in the tool's database will result in a report of the number of times a given prescription occurred in the queried database(s) as well as the calculated frequency with which the combination of the given sphere power, cylinder power and axis are likely to occur.
Practical application of the Web tool in 2 published cases has shown matches with frequency of occurrence of 5.33 x 10(-6) and 2.66 x 10(-6), respectively. This application currently is being used by the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory (JPAC-CIL) and other agencies when optical materials are available in forensic settings. Further, this application currently is contributing evidence in an active murder case.
The creation of this easy-to-use Web tool allows eye care professionals to provide strong statistical assessments when serving as consultants to forensic investigators.
Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 05/2008; 79(4):203-7. · 0.74 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study presents a web-based tool that can be used to assist in identification of unknown individuals using spectacle prescriptions. Currently, when lens prescriptions are used in forensic identifications, investigators are constrained to a simple "match" or "no-match" judgment with an antemortem prescription. It is not possible to evaluate the strength of the conclusion, or rather, the potential or real error rates associated with the conclusion. Three databases totaling over 385,000 individual prescriptions are utilized in this study to allow forensic analysts to easily determine the strength of individuation of a spectacle match to antemortem records by calculating the frequency at which the observed prescription occurs in various U.S. populations. Optical refractive errors are explained, potential states and combinations of refractive errors are described, measuring lens corrections is discussed, and a detailed description of the databases is presented. The practical application of this system is demonstrated using two recent forensic identifications. This research provides a valuable personal identification tool that can be used in cases where eyeglass portions are recovered in forensic contexts.
Journal of Forensic Sciences 04/2007; 52(2):406-11. · 1.23 Impact Factor
