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Suomen hammaslaakarilehti = Finlands tandlakartidning / [HT] 01/1990; 36(21):1138-49.
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study, which was part of the Mini-Finland Oral Health Survey, was to evaluate the effect of smoking on periodontal condition in the Finnish adult population. A representative sample was drawn from the population aged 30 years and over. The total number of subjects was 8000, 90% of whom participated in the clinical examination. Periodontal diagnoses were made according to the modified Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS). Information about age, toothbrushing, and smoking habits was collected by personal interviews. When the sample was divided into two groups (with and without periodontal pockets), the overall risk ratio (RR) was 1.39 and was slightly higher for men than for women. A log-linear model was used to study simultaneous associations and interactions between smoking, periodontal disease, and some background factors. In this model, smoking had not significantly affected the periodontal condition.
Journal of Dental Research 07/1985; 64(6):932-5. · 3.49 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of the Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS), when plaque retentions were examined separately. A sample of 8000 persons was drawn to represent the Finnish population aged 30 yr and over. The first clinical examination (total sample) was made by a specially trained expanded-duty dental auxiliary (EDDA). During the second examination (2-6 months later), 20% of the total sample was reexamined by a dentist, and of those, every 6th patient was examined by the EDDA. Reproducibility of the PTNS was assessed as intra- and interexaminer agreement and was calculated using Cohen's kappa and weighted kappa. The intraexaminer weighted kappa values were 0.67 +/- 0.05 for the PTNS and 0.48 +/- 0.15 for plaque retentions. The interexaminer weighted kappa values between the PTNS registrations were 0.77 +/- 0.05 and 0.74 +/- 0.12 in plaque retentions when examinations were made within 1 day, and 0.53 +/- 0.05 and 0.37 +/- 0.07, respectively, when the interexaminer registrations were made with an interval of 2-6 months between them. The kappa values for intra- and interexaminer reliability reflect quite high reproducibility.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 03/1985; 13(1):33-6. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of untreated dental caries in the adult population aged 30 years and over in Finland according to sex, age, region of living, and socioeconomic status. The level of untreated caries per subject also was studied and population estimates were made for prevalence and level of untreated caries. The representative sample used in this study included 5028 dentate subjects. Data were collected using interviews and clinical examination. The prevalence of untreated caries was 55% in women, and the figure for men was 67%. In eastern Finland the figures for women and men differed significantly. The mean number of decayed teeth was 2.5 per person. Men had more decayed teeth per person than women did. The number decreased significantly with increasing socioeconomic status. The data presented in the study provide a reliable picture of the occurrence of untreated dental caries in Finnish adults and form the basis for further analyses.
International Journal of Epidemiology 01/1985; 13(4):486-90. · 6.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A representative sample of Finnish denture wearers (n = 3875) aged 30 or over were examined clinically and interviewed about their oral hygiene habits, use of dental services and possible prosthetic treatment during last visit to a dentist. Of these denture wearers, over 80% brushed their dentures at least once a day, and 16% visited a dentist at least once in 2 yr. For denture stomatitis the age-standardized risk ratio decreased with brushing frequency in women and increased in men. For frequency of dental visits the prevalence of denture stomatitis increased in both men and women when visits were made over 2-yr intervals. The prevalence of denture stomatitis was higher in the group with dentures over 1 yr old. It seems that the oral hygiene measures as they are generally carried out and regular dental visits are not effective enough methods in preventing denture stomatitis.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 01/1985; 12(6):402-5. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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Community dental health 12/1984; 1(3):201-6. · 0.75 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Of a representative sample of 8000 persons aged 30 and over living in Finland, 3875 users of removable dentures were examined. The condition of the oral mucosa was recorded during clinical examinations. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions associated with removable dentures was analyzed according to age, sex, place of residence, geographical region of living, and type and location of prosthesis. Lesions were found in about 50% of the denture wearers. Women were affected more often than men. The prevalence of lesions decreased with age and differed slightly according to region of living and place of residence. Compared with the wearing of partial dentures, wearing complete dentures increased the risk of lesions. Only one of the 72 denture users who wore a denture with metallic base plate had oral mucosal lesions associated with wearing a denture.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 07/1984; 12(3):191-4. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The need for complete denture treatment was compared to utilization of complete denture services. To estimate the need for complete denture treatment we used data from the Mini-Finland Survey which included 3620 persons who were edentulous in one or both jaws. Data about utilization of services was obtained through questionnaires sent to samples of dentists and special dental technicians. Utilization of services was 21.8% of the need assessed with professional criteria and 17.7% of the subjective need. Compared to the subjectively assessed need, utilization of complete denture services was highest among young women and lowest among men aged 60-69 yr. Subjective need for denture services was highest in older groups. From these results we conclude that certain barriers prevent patients from seeking care; and as these barriers are reduced, use of complete denture services may increase.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 07/1984; 12(3):165-8. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that affected the choice between public and private dental services in 1979, when 9% of adults had received their dental services in a public health center. In September 1979 the National Board of Health conducted a telephone interview among Finnish adults over 15 yr old. When a representative sample of 1992 adults was drawn, the response rate was 90.4%. All subjects over 17 yr of age who had used dental services within the last 5 yr were included in the study, making a final sample of 1368. According to the logistic function, the greatest differences were between rural and urban areas. Of the subjects living in urban areas, 18% had visited public health centers; and of those living in rural areas, 45% had visited health centers. Of the adults living in an urban setting, 70% and in rural areas 49% visited private dentists. Of the subjects who had used private dental services, nearly half were managers and upper white-collar workers; while of those using communal services, less than one third worked in such jobs. In urban areas managers and upper white-collar workers used private services twice as often as they used public services. In an urban setting, subjects who had visited a dentist during the last 2 yr had received treatment mainly in the private sector; and in a rural setting, subjects had been treated mainly in health centers.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 09/1983; 11(4):205-8. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze the present state of occupational dental care in Finland. In addition, the viewpoints of employees and employers concerning possibilities for developing occupational dental care were evaluated. Five percent of employers had arranged dental services for their employees. Twenty-four firms either had their own dentist or had made an agreement with a dentist about dental care for their employees. Most of these dentists delivered all kinds of dental treatment to employees, and the costs of treatment were usually paid from the worker's sickness benefit funds. Many such funds also subsidized the costs of dental treatment delivered in other dental offices. In 1978 about 49% of the workers covered by such funds received subsidies for their dental expenses. The most important means of developing adult dental care in Finland was considered to be widening the scope of public dental care. The second means was widening the scope of the national health insurance system. In third place, the employers supported development of private dentistry. Employees, however, preferred to include dental care in agreements made by collective bargaining.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 09/1983; 11(4):209-16. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: From a representative sample of 8000 persons aged 30 yr and over, 7190 were examined clinically. Thirty-one percent were edentulous, 23% of the men and 38% of the women. Results of our study were compared with seven other nationwide studies of edentulousness in Finnish adults made during the last decade. For subjects 35-64 yr old the rate of edentulousness was lowest in our clinical study. For those over 64 yr old the rates of edentulousness varied from 54% to 67%. In general, results obtained using interviews or questionnaires gave higher percentages for edentulousness than did the clinical study. Statistical evaluation of the differences in rates found in these studies did not show edentulousness to be either increasing or decreasing in Finland during the 1970's.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 09/1983; 11(4):259-63. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A sample of 8000 persons was drawn to represent the Finnish population aged 30 years and over. The participation rate was 89.9%. Root caries was recorded when the lesion was obviously soft and more than half of it was located on cementum. Lesions adjacent to fillings were not included. The reproducibility and the standard of the clinical recordings were tested by reexamining 20% of the studied population 2-6 months after the first clinical examination. The overall prevalence of root caries was 21.6% for men and 14.5% for women. The prevalence increased for both sexes almost consistently with age. Root caries was found 1.6 times more often among men than women. Among men 2.23% and among women 1.19% of teeth were affected by root caries.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 07/1983; 11(3):188-90. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The Cu concentration as well as the Ca, Mg, Fe, Pb, Zn, and F concentrations were determined in subgingival calculus and the relation of Cu to Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe described. Samples of human subgingival calculus of 60 pieces from 60 subjects were ashed in an acid solution and the cation concentrations were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The F content was analyzed with an ion-selective electrode. The data was analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis. The mean +/-SD of the Cu concentration in the subgingival calculus was 48.4+/-59.0 micrograms/g. Four elements, Zn, Ca, Fe and Mg, explained 41.1% of the Cu content. Zn explained 25.5% and the correlation was positive, whereas Ca (10.4%) had a negative correlation with the Cu content. The results showed such a high Cu content that it could affect the mineralization of calculus.
Scandinavian journal of dental research 05/1983; 91(2):130-3.
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ABSTRACT: The prevalence of retained roots among Finnish adults was evaluated by examining a representative sample of 8000 Finnish adults aged 30 or older. The participation percentage was 89.6. Retained root was recorded when more than half the height of the tooth surfaces had been destroyed by caries. The reproducibility coefficient (kappa) for clinical recordings of retained roots was 0.79 for intraexaminer cases and 0.65 for interexaminer cases. Fifteen percent of the subjects had one or more retained roots. Prevalence was twice as great among males as among females. The mean number of retained roots was 0.4 per subject. Of all teeth in the mouth, 4.4% had only the roots left. On the population level, some 343000 adult Finns were estimated to have at least one retained root.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 05/1983; 11(2):117-21. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A representative sample (n = 8000) was drawn from the population aged 30 years and over, registered as living in Finland. Periodontal disease status was recorded according to the modified Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS). Plaque retentions were examined separately. Of the subjects with four or more teeth 3.4% had a healthy periodontal status, while 10.2% of the jaw quadrants were healthy. Plaque retentions were found in 96.6% of the subjects and 90.9% of the jaw segments. Periodontal treatment need was calculated in three ways and was 195 +/- 111 (S.D.) min when the calculation was based on WHO recommendations (1978). Number of teeth, age, sex, caries and filling scores, and education explained about 30% of the treatment need when tested by multiple linear regression analysis.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 03/1983; 11(1):25-32. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The importance of sugar in the etiology and dental caries is well known but only a few representative studies at population level have been carried out to analyze nutritional factors related to dentistry. As the main exposure to caries the frequency of the use of sugar-products should be known more exactly than we do. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of consumption of sugar-containing products among Finnish adolescents. A representative sample of 3209 Finnish adolescents between the ages of 13 and 19 was drawn. The data were obtained by mail questionnaire in February and September 1977, and in February and September 1979. The separate sample was drawn in February 1978 to analyze the changes with time during 1977-79. The response rate to all the mailed questionnaires was close to 90%. The sugar-containing foods included in the study were sugar in coffee or tea, hot chocolate, pastries and cookies, soft drinks, chewing gums, sweets and pastries. In addition, the data on the consumption of artificial sweeteners were collected. According to current health behavior dogma, girls behaved better than boys. A clear relationship was observed between a householder's educational and occupational status and the children's sugar consumption. Children from homes of low social status consumed more sugar than others. The percentage of children frequently consuming sugary products decreased with improved school success. It can be concluded that the use of sugar-containing products is especially frequent among young age groups, particularly among boys from low social background and children with poor school success. Health education should be especially directed towards them.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 07/1982; 10(3):103-10. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to analyze oral hygiene habits among Finnish adolescents with regard to age, sex, residence, socioeconomic factors, school career and success. A representative sample of 3209 Finnish adolescents, 13-19 years of age, was drawn. The data were collected by mail surveys in February and September 1977. Participation percentages were 88 and 79. The proportions of daily brushers were 89% in girls and 57% in boys. Toothpicks were used sporadically by every second adolescent but daily by 3% only. Dental floss was used sporadically by 10% of the adolescents but daily by 1% only. In this respect girls were more assiduous than boys. Frequency of toothbrushing clearly increased with age. Girls brushed their teeth significantly more often than boys. The influence of socioeconomic factors was consistent in boys but almost nonexistent in girls. Children of white-collar workers reported better oral hygiene habits than children of blue-collar workers and farmers. Urban adolescents reported better habits than rural adolescents. School success correlated positively with toothbrushing frequency in the younger age groups. Dental health education given by a dentist, a teacher, a hygienist or a nurse had poor correlation with the oral hygiene habits of Finnish adolescents. It was concluded that dental health education should be more directed towards boys, especially at ages 13-15. The education should be planned so that the dental health education better reaches youth of rural areas and lower social classes.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 05/1981; 9(2):61-8. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The distance from cemento-enamel junction to alveolar crest was studied in relation to periodontal treatment need, socioeconomic factors and dental health. The subjects (315) of the study were employees of a paper mill in Finland. Alveolar crest height was measured from orthopantomograms, periodontal treatment need was assessed by the Periodontal Treatment Need System (PTNS). Number of teeth, interproximal fillings and caries were determined clinically, and background information was obtained by questionnaires. On an average, the rate of alveolar bone loss was 0.6 mm in 10 years in the study population and 1.2 mm in subjects aged 30 to 45 years. The bone loss increased with decreasing number of teeth. Subjects with plaque retention had somewhat more severe bone loss than those with no inflammation or gingival inflammation only. Periodontal treatment need, age and number of remaining teeth altogether explained 42.8% of the bone loss when tested by multiple linear regression analysis.
Journal of Periodontology 03/1981; 52(2):99-103. · 2.60 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The dimensionality of health behavior is disputable. In the present study an effort was made to shed more light on this problem. Interview data were obtained from 3209 13--19-year-old Finnish adolescents concerning the subjects' smoking habits, use of alcohol, physical activity, toothbrushing and dietary habits. A clear positive relationship was observed between toothbrushing and the use of sugar-containing snacks. Use of alcohol seemed to have slight adverse effect on toothbrushing. Smoking was also weakly related with sporadic toothbrushing. Sports-oriented girls seemed to be regular toothbrushers. It was concluded that the possible comprehensive nature of health behavior should be more appreciated.
Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology 01/1981; 8(8):391-5. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Changes in Periodontal treatment need measured by the modified Periodontal Treatment Need System were investigated among employees of a Finnish paper mill. The investigation consisted of two clinical studies with a 1-year period between them, and three surveys to collect background information. After 1 year there was improvement in at least one jaw segment of 45% of the subjects and deterioration in 18%. Both improvement and deterioration were observed in another 10% of the subjects, and the remaining 27% had no changes in their dentulous jaw segments. The frequency of dental visits increase during the interim year. Changes in periodontal condition were in the main not significantly influenced by socioeconomic factors, dental health behavior, or dietary habits. Likewise, professional periodontal treatment did not have any significant effect on changes in periodontal condition.
Journal of Periodontology 12/1980; 51(11):662-5. · 2.60 Impact Factor
