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Pauline Terebuh,
Christopher W Olsen,
Jennifer Wright,
Alexander Klimov,
Alexander Karasin,
Karla Todd,
Hong Zhou,
Henrietta Hall,
Xiyan Xu,
Tim Kniffen,
David Madsen,
Rebecca Garten,
Carolyn B Bridges
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ABSTRACT: Triple-reassortant (tr) viruses of human, avian, and swine origin, including H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 subtypes, emerged in North American swine herds in 1998 and have become predominant. While sporadic human infections with classical influenza A (H1N1) and with tr-swine influenza viruses have been reported, relatively few have been documented in occupationally exposed swine workers (SW).
We conducted a 2-year (2002-2004) prospective cohort study of transmission of influenza viruses between pigs and SW from a single pork production company in Iowa. Respiratory samples were collected and tested for influenza viruses from SW and from pigs under their care through surveillance for influenza-like illnesses (ILI). Serial blood samples from study participants were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for antibody seroconversion against human and swine influenza viruses (SIV), and antibody seroprevalence was compared to age-matched urban Iowa blood donors.
During the first year, 15 of 88 SW had ILI and were sampled; all were culture-negative for influenza. During the second year, 11 of 76 SW had ILI and were sampled; one was culture-positive for a human seasonal H3N2 virus. Among 20 swine herd ILI outbreaks sampled, influenza A virus was detected by rRT-PCR from 17 with 11 trH1N1 and five trH3N2 virus isolates cultured. During both years, HI geometric mean titers were significantly higher among SW compared to blood donor controls for three SIV: classical swine Sw/WI/238/97 (H1N1), tr Sw/IN/9K035/99 (H1N2), and trSw/IA/H02NJ56371/02 (H1N1)] (P < 0·0001).
SW had serologic evidence for infection with both swine and human influenza viruses and were exposed to diverse influenza virus strains circulating in pigs. Influenza virus surveillance among pigs and SW should be encouraged to better understand cross-species transmission and diversity of influenza viruses at the human-swine interface.
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 11/2010; 4(6):387-96. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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Pauline Terebuh,
Christopher W. Olsen,
Jennifer Wright,
Alexander Klimov,
Alexander Karasin,
Karla Todd,
Hong Zhou,
Henrietta Hall,
Xiyan Xu,
Tim Kniffen,
David Madsen,
Rebecca Garten,
Carolyn B. Bridges
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ABSTRACT: Please cite this paper as: Terebuh et al. (2010) Transmission of influenza A viruses between pigs and people, Iowa, 2002–2004. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(6), 387–396.Background Triple-reassortant (tr) viruses of human, avian, and swine origin, including H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 subtypes, emerged in North American swine herds in 1998 and have become predominant. While sporadic human infections with classical influenza A (H1N1) and with tr-swine influenza viruses have been reported, relatively few have been documented in occupationally exposed swine workers (SW).Methods We conducted a 2-year (2002–2004) prospective cohort study of transmission of influenza viruses between pigs and SW from a single pork production company in Iowa. Respiratory samples were collected and tested for influenza viruses from SW and from pigs under their care through surveillance for influenza-like illnesses (ILI). Serial blood samples from study participants were tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for antibody seroconversion against human and swine influenza viruses (SIV), and antibody seroprevalence was compared to age-matched urban Iowa blood donors.Results During the first year, 15 of 88 SW had ILI and were sampled; all were culture-negative for influenza. During the second year, 11 of 76 SW had ILI and were sampled; one was culture-positive for a human seasonal H3N2 virus. Among 20 swine herd ILI outbreaks sampled, influenza A virus was detected by rRT-PCR from 17 with 11 trH1N1 and five trH3N2 virus isolates cultured. During both years, HI geometric mean titers were significantly higher among SW compared to blood donor controls for three SIV: classical swine Sw/WI/238/97 (H1N1), tr Sw/IN/9K035/99 (H1N2), and trSw/IA/H02NJ56371/02 (H1N1)] (P < 0·0001).Conclusions SW had serologic evidence for infection with both swine and human influenza viruses and were exposed to diverse influenza virus strains circulating in pigs. Influenza virus surveillance among pigs and SW should be encouraged to better understand cross-species transmission and diversity of influenza viruses at the human–swine interface.
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 10/2010; 4(6):387 - 396. · 4.16 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We confirmed circulation of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) among children with febrile and respiratory illness in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during active surveillance in 2001. HMPV was the most common single virus identified among febrile children and appears to contribute to the high rates of illness in this population.
Emerging Infectious Diseases 11/2007; 13(10):1611-3. · 6.79 Impact Factor
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W Abdullah Brooks, Pauline Terebuh,
Carolyn Bridges,
Alexander Klimov,
Doli Goswami,
Amina Tahia Sharmeen,
Tasnim Azim,
Dean Erdman,
Henrietta Hall,
Stephen Luby,
Robert F Breiman
Emerging Infectious Diseases 11/2007; 13(10):1507-8. · 6.79 Impact Factor
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Aaron T Fleischauer,
Sharon Williams,
Daniel R O'Leary,
Thomas McChesney,
William Mason,
Stan Falk,
Linda Gladden,
Sandra Snow,
F Lee Clark, Pauline Terebuh,
Fay W Boozman
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ABSTRACT: In June 2002, the Arkansas Department of Health anticipated a West Nile virus epidemic based on diagnoses in birds and increasing reports of human disease cases in neighboring states. Department officials activated an emergency operations center (EOC) dedicated to human West Nile virus surveillance. As a result, 43 cases (33 West Nile meningoencephalitis and 10 West Nile fever) and five (12%) deaths were confirmed from 16 counties. For all cases, the median age was 54 years (range: 2-93 years). County-specific incidence of West Nile meningoencephalitis ranged from 0.6-15.9 cases per 100,000 people. The implemented system for enhanced West Nile virus surveillance will serve as a model for future epidemic years.
The Journal of the Arkansas Medical Society 10/2003; 100(3):94-9.
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ABSTRACT: In 2002 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) began encouraging annual influenza vaccination of children 6 to 23 months of age, when feasible.
Literature and issues related to annual influenza vaccination of young children were reviewed.
The ACIP first encouraged influenza vaccination of children 6 to 23 months of age in 2002 because recent studies showed that influenza-related hospital admissions were substantially higher among healthy children <2 years than among healthy older children or young adults. However, the ACIP deferred a full recommendation for several reasons, including limited safety and efficacy data on trivalent inactivated influenza virus in the 6- to 23-month age group, the need for more education of parents and physicians and concerns over the stability and adequacy of the vaccine supply.
The risk of hospital admission from influenza-related causes is high in young children and similar to the risk in the elderly and other high risk groups for whom annual influenza vaccination is already recommended. Data from additional studies, especially those on vaccine safety and efficacy, will be important for proceeding to a full recommendation for annual influenza vaccination of children 6 to 23 months.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 10/2003; 22(10 Suppl):S231-5. · 3.58 Impact Factor
