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ABSTRACT: The morphology of the striatum (St, caudoputamen complex) and globus pallidus (GP) was studied by stereological methods in representatives of four mammalian orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Carnivora). The aim of our study was to give the first detailed morphometric characteristics of the St and GP in the animals. The paraffin-embedded brain tissue blocks were cut in the coronal plane into 50 µm sections, which were stained for Nissl substance. The morphometric analysis of the St and GP has included such parameters as the volume, numerical density, and total number of neurons. The increase in the volume of the St and GP was accompanied by an increase in the total number of neurons and a decrease in their numerical density. The percentage contribution of the GP volume in the corpus striatum shows progressive traits in the common shrew and fox.
Bulletin- Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 01/2012; 56:411-414. · 0.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Unbiased stereological methods were used to examine and compare morphometrically the geniculate bodies (GB) in representatives of four mammalian orders (Insectivora, Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Carnivora). The significant disproportion was observed between the relative sizes of both geniculate nuclei and their neuronal populations in the common shrew and the bank vole. The medial geniculate body (MGB) in the common shrew definitely surpassed the lateral geniculate body (LGB) in terms of percentage volume and percentage number of neurons. The volume of the GB and their nuclei correlated with their mean neuronal populations, whereas the negative correlation was observed between volumes and neuronal density; however, not as distinct as in the non-sensory brain structures. In all examined species, the LGB always had a higher numerical density than the MGB, while the MGB neurons were always distinctly larger than that of the LGB, which clearly differentiated both neuronal complexes. Analysis of these data shows that the GB differs in terms of the morphometric characteristics in the studied species.
Bulletin- Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 01/2012; 56:205-210. · 0.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to describe the distribution of cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) of EF-hand family, namely calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin in the preoptic area (POA) of the ram. Frozen sections were processed for a routine immunofluorescence labelling. CART, calbindin, and calretinin immunoreactivity was present in neurons and fibers of the preoptic area, whereas parvalbumin showed immunoreactivity only in the POA fibers. CART displayed from a moderate to low immunoreactivity in cells and a high immunoreactivity in fibers. The highest immunoreactivity of all studied CaBPs exhibited calbindin, whereas the lowest parvalbumin. The results of the present study suggest that among the studied CaBPs, calbindin is the most likely to be involved in the participation of the important regulatory functions in the ram's POA and the rich CART innervation seems to be strictly related to its control of the reproduction.
Bulletin- Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 01/2012; 56:355-360. · 0.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The present study provides a detailed description of somatostatin (SOM) distribution and the colocalization pattern of SOM, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the dorsal striatum (caudate-putamen complex) of the guinea pig. Within the dorsal striatum, SOM is found in a population of medium-sized aspiny interneurons. We found that 97% of all SOM-IR neurons expressed NPY simultaneously, while 98% of all NPY-ergic perikarya was simultaneously SOM-IR. On the other hand, while 98% of all SOM-IR cells were simultaneously NOS-IR, only 91% of all NOS-containing neurons exhibited SOM-immunoreactivity. Irrespective of their chemical coding, both types of SOM-IR neurons were scattered throughout the dorsal striatum, sometimes in the form of small, loosely arranged clusters of 2-4 cells. While SOM-IR and NPY-IR nerve fibers were present in all of the studied regions, they were more numerous in the ventro-medial part of the studied structure, with the exception of its caudal portion, where SOM-IR and NPY-IR fibers additionally formed a dense network in the part corresponding to the caudate nucleus. A low expression of staining for NOS-IR fibers was seen throughout the entire dorsal striatum. In some fibers, SOM and NPY were co-expressed. Fibers expressing both SOM and NOS were not found.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 01/2011; 49(4):690-9. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study provides a detailed description of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) distribution and the co-localization pattern of CART and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and substance P (SP) in the preoptic area (POA) of the domestic pig. The POA displays a low density of immunoreactive cells and rich immunoreactivity for CART in fibers. CART-immunoreactive (CART-IR) cell bodies were single and faintly stained, and located in the medial preoptic area (MPA) and the periventricular region of the POA. A high density of immunoreactive fibers was observed in the periventricular preoptic nucleus (PPN); a high to moderate density of fibers was observed in the MPA; but in the dorso-medial region of the MPA the highest density of fibers in the whole POA was observed. The lateral preoptic area (LPA) exhibited a less dense concentration of CART-immunoreactive fibers than the MPA. The median preoptic nucleus (MPN) showed moderate to low expression of staining fibers. In the present study, dual-labeling immunohistochemistry was used to show that CART-IR cell bodies do not contain any GnRH and SP. CART-positive fibers were identified in close apposition with GnRH neurons. This suggests that CART may influence GnRH secretion. Double staining revealed that CART-IR structures do not co-express any of the substances we studied, but a very small population of CART-IR fibers also contain SOM, CCK or SP.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 01/2011; 49(4):604-14. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The distribution and morphology of neurons containing somatostatin (SOM) was investigated in the amygdala (CA) of the pig. The SOM-immunoreactive (SOM-IR) cell bodies and fibres were present in all subdivisions of the porcine CA, however, their number and density varied depending on the nucleus studied. The highest density of SOM-positive somata was observed in the layer III of the cortical nuclei, in the anterior (magnocellular) part of the basomedial nucleus and in the caudal (large-celled) part of the lateral nucleus. Moderate to high numbers of SOM-IR cells were also observed in the medial and basolateral nuclei. Many labeled neurons were also consistently observed in the lateral part of the central nucleus. In the remaining CA regions, the density of SOM-positive cell bodies varied from moderate to low. In any CA region studied SOM-IR neurons formed heterogeneous population consisting of small, rounded or slightly elongated cell bodies, with a few poorly branched smooth dendrites. In general, morphological features of these cells clearly resembled the non-pyramidal Golgi type II interneurons. The routine double-labeling studies with antisera directed against SOM and neuropeptide Y (NPY) demonstrated that a large number of SOM-IR cell bodies and fibers in all studied CA areas contained simultaneously NPY. In contrast, co-localization of SOM and cholecystokinin (CCK) or SOM and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was never seen in cell bodies and fibres in any of nuclei studied. In conclusion, SOM-IR neurons of the porcine amygdala form large and heterogeneous subpopulation of, most probably, interneurons that often contain additionally NPY. On the other hand, CCK- and/or VIP-IR neurons belonged to another, discrete subpopulations of porcine CA neurons.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 01/2008; 46(2):229-38. · 0.81 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The characteristic features of guinea pig amygdala (CA), as shown by volumetric comparisons of the individual nuclei, are the poor development of the basolateral (BL) and lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) nuclei as well as the strong formation of the lateral (LA) and basomedial (BM) nuclei. The central (CE), cortical (CO) and medial (ME) nuclei also appear to be well represented in this species. All these features are even more pronounced when the total number of neurons in the nuclei referred to was taken into consideration. A comparison of the densities of neurons in the individual nuclei with the mean numerical density of cells in the guinea pig CA indicates that the densities of neurons in LA, BL, BM, CE and CO are significantly lower than the mean (p < 0.05), whereas in the ME and NLOT these values are significantly higher than the mean (p < 0.05). It is noteworthy, that the densities of the neurons in CE and CO do not differ statistically from each other (p > 0.05) and are significantly higher than the respective values in LA, BL and BM (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a similar division of the guinea pig CA may to some extent be made using the size parameters of the amygdaloid neurons as a marker. Interestingly, the large neurons populate organised CA areas like LA, BL and BM less densely, whereas the small cells create ME and NLOT, where the neurons are densely arranged. CE and CO occupy intermediate positions, with the neurons similar in size to the mean for the guinea pig CA.
Folia morphologica 09/2005; 64(3):151-60. · 0.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The preparations, stained according to the Nissl and Klüver-Barrera methods, were used to describe the topography and morphology of the red nucleus (RN) as well as the structure of the rubral perikarya in newborn (P0) guinea pigs. The Golgi impregnated preparations were used to distinguish types of neurons. RN is a uniform cell group and has the length from 740 to 860 microm. The Nissl stained perikarya were classified into three categories: big, medium-sized and small (A, B, C, respectively). The big perikarya, which contain a lot of tigroidal substance, were mainly observed at the caudal and ventral portions of RN. The small perikarya often have multiple nucleoli. The impregnated neurons were classified into 5 types: 1--large, aspiny, rich-arborised multipolar cells, 2--large and medium sized, spiny, rich-arborised fusiform or pear-shaped cells, 3--medium-sized, spiny, rich-arborised rounded cells, 4--medium-sized, spiny, rich-arborised bipolar cells, 5--small and single medium-sized cells. The 5th type constitutes a heterogeneous population and also has neurons in different developmental stages. Intraspecies variations concerning both the length of RN and a number of the triangular perikarya of the red nucleus were observed in the examined guinea pigs.
Folia morphologica 03/2003; 62(1):1-9. · 0.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The studies were carried out on the brains of adult pigs. The preparations were made by means of the Golgi technique as well as the Nissl and Klüver-Barrera methods. Four types of neurons were described in the medial geniculate body (MGB) of the pig: 1. Multipolar neurons (perikarya 30-45 microm) with rounded, oval or quadrangular perikarya from which arise 4-7 dendritic trunks. The dendrites divide dichotomically twice, may send out collaterals and give off ramifications. The dendritic branches possess varicosities and knob-like spines. These neurons predominate in MGB. 2. Pear-shaped neurons (20-35 microm) with one or two dendritic trunks arising from one pole of the cell body. These dendrites have a tufted appearance. 3. Triangular neurons (30-45 microm) possess three thick dendrites which first bifurcate near the soma and then divide profusely into daughter branches. 4. Fusiform neurons (30-50 microm) have usually two dendritic trunks which arise from the opposite poles of the cell body and divide dichotomically twice. The fusiform neurons are the least numerous in MGB. Most MGB neurons have on the secondary tertiary dendrites and on their ramifications have delicate varicose or bead-like appendages and spine-like protrusions. In all types of neurons an axon arises either from the soma or from the initial portion of the dendritic trunk.
Folia morphologica 02/2002; 61(4):271-6. · 0.52 Impact Factor
