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R. Baets,
W. Bogaerts,
P. Dumon,
G. Roelkens,
I. Christiaens, K. De Mesel,
D. Taillaert,
B. Luyssaert,
J. Van Campenhout,
P. Bienstman,
D. Van Thourhout,
V. Wiaux,
J. Wouters,
S. Beckx
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ABSTRACT: Silicon is gaining importance in photonic systems on a chip, either because of the importance of integrating photonic functions with electronic functions or because of the potential of silicon-based technology for photonics as such. In this paper, we discuss two distinct developments. The first is the development of nano-photonic integrated circuits based on photonic crystals or photonic wires. The second is the development of heterogeneously integrated active photonic components on top of silicon by means of wafer bonding.
Solid-State Device Research conference, 2004. ESSDERC 2004. Proceeding of the 34th European; 10/2004
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ABSTRACT: We report on a new concept for InGaAsP-InP 1.55-μm lasers with integrated spot-size converters (SSCs) based on antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROW). The mode expanders consist of a laterally tapered active region on top of a fiber-matched passive slab waveguide. The large slab mode is laterally confined by an antiresonant configuration of a couple of lateral waveguides defined in the same fabrication process as the active ridge. This feature makes the presented spot-size transformer as simple to fabricate as a standard waveguide, only requiring a planar growth step and a single conventional etch process. The fabricated tapers exhibit a low transformation loss and reduce the coupling loss to standard single-mode fibers from 8 to 4 dB. We also analyze by simulation two variants of the concept proposed in this work, including a taper structure for a buried waveguide, which are expected to show better performance. Simulation results show fiber-coupling efficiencies as low as 2.4 and 1.1 dB for both variants.
Journal of Lightwave Technology 02/2003; · 2.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We report a new technique for the monolithic integration of a GaAs-based InGaAs-GaAs strained quantum-well laser and a spot-size converter (SSC) to improve the fiber coupling characteristics. The selective wet oxidation of AlGaAs is used to simplify the fabrication scheme of the component to a single planar epitaxial growth step and one conventional noncritical etch. This approach also allows us to avoid the photolithography of narrow features. An excellent reproducibility of the fabrication scheme was found. The integrated SSC exhibits very low transformation losses and a low beam divergence of 7.5°×13.5°. The coupling efficiency to a 980-nm single-mode fiber is improved from -6.34 dB for a reference laser to -1.49 dB for the tapered device. The -1-dB alignment tolerance is ±1.5 μm in the transverse direction and ±1.6 μm in the lateral direction, respectively.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 12/2002; · 3.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We report on a new concept for InGaAsP-InP 1.55-μm lasers with integrated spot-size converters based on antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides (ARROWs). The mode expanders consist of a tapered active region on top of a fiber-matched passive vertical ARROW waveguide. The large fundamental leaky mode with its low propagation loss makes ARROW waveguides useful for fiber coupling functions and avoids typical growth-related problems as encountered with traditional designs. The tapers exhibit a low transformation loss and narrowed far-field emission patterns (10.4°×22°) and reduce the coupling loss to standard single-mode fibers from 8 to 2.6 dB. We also present the design and the results obtained with a relaxed ARROW design with thinner ARROW layers to reduce the overall layer stack thickness considerably, without affecting the fiber-coupling performance. The antiresonant effect has also been used for the lateral confinement of the fiber-matched mode. This feature makes the presented spot-size transformer as simple to fabricate as a standard waveguide, only requiring a planar growth step and a single conventional etch process. The fabricated tapers exhibit a low transformation loss and minimum far-field divergence angles of 13.8°×30.8°, reducing the coupling loss to a standard single-mode fiber from 8 to 4 dB. We also analyze by simulation two variants of the concept proposed in this work, including a taper structure for a buried waveguide, which are expected to show better performance. Simulation results show fiber-coupling efficiencies as low as 2.4 and 1.1 dB and reduced far-field divergence angles as low as 7.2°×14° and 7.2°×9° for both variants.
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 12/2002; · 3.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We demonstrate a new concept for InGaAsP-InP 1.55-/spl mu/m Fabry-Perot lasers integrated with spot size converters using type-A antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides. The fabrication of such devices allows to avoid the growth of thick layers of quaternary material with low Ga and As fraction, which are difficult to achieve and grow. Reduced far-field divergence angles (10/spl deg/ /spl times/ 27/spl deg/) and improved coupling to cleaved standard single-mode fibers (2.6-dB coupling loss) are achieved. The proposed device is compatible with conventional epitaxial techniques and lithographic methods.
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 09/2002; · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We have designed and fabricated an out-of-plane coupler for
butt-coupling from fiber to compact planar waveguides. The coupler is
based on a short second-order grating or photonic crystal, etched in a
waveguide with a low-index oxide cladding. The coupler is optimized
using mode expansion-based simulations. Simulations using a 2-D model
show that up to 74% coupling efficiency between single-mode fiber and a
240-nm-thick GaAs-AlO<sub>x</sub> waveguide is possible. We have
measured 19% coupling efficiency on test structures
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 08/2002; · 1.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A new concept for InGaAsP–InP 1.55μm lasers integrated with spot size converters using leaky waveguides is presented. The
large fundamental mode size and the high discrimination of the higher order modes make ARROWs (Antiresonant Reflecting Optical
Waveguides) and antiguided waveguides useful for fiber coupling functions. Three-dimensional (3-D) beam propagation method
(BPM) results show that the devices have transformation losses lower than 0.22dB. Fiber-coupling efficiencies of 60% are
possible with standard cleaved single-mode fibers (SMF). The horizontal and vertical FWHM can be efficiently reduced to 9.70°
(horizontal) and 17.80° (vertical). The fabrication of such devices avoids the growth of thick layers of quaternary material
with a low Ga and As fraction, and simplifies the fabrication to one planar epitaxial growth step and one non-critical conventional
etch.
Applied Physics B 09/2001; 73(5):585-588. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We have successfully demonstrated a novel InGaAsP mode-expanded
MQW laser based on the adiabatic transformation of the laser rib mode
into a fiber-matched ARROW waveguide. The fabrication is drastically
simplified to one planar growth step and one conventional non-critical
etch step. Efficient mode transformation and considerable reduction of
the horizontal and vertical far-field FWHM have been achieved
Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2001. LEOS 2001. The 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE; 02/2001
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ABSTRACT: We have demonstrated the feasibility of a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for phase control at a wavelength of 1.06 μm in an optical phased array telescope antenna system
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 08/2000; 12(7):876-878. · 2.19 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A new technique for the monolithic integration of a laser with a
spot size converter is presented. The design, fabrication and
performance of the InGaAs/GaAs strained QW tapered oxide confined laser
are discussed. The spot size converter effectively reduces the
horizontal and vertical FWHM and exhibits very low radiation
losses
Electronics Letters 07/2000; · 0.96 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We have demonstrated the feasibility of a photonic integrated circuit for phase control at a wavelength of 1.06 μm in an optical phased array telescope antenna system
Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, 2000. Conference Proceedings. 2000 International Conference on; 02/2000
