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ABSTRACT: To study the long-term outcomes of surgical revision of leaking blebs after trabeculectomy and identify possible risk factors for failure.
A retrospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative interventional study of 34 eyes with late bleb leaks after trabeculectomy that underwent bleb excision with conjunctival advancement. The primary outcome measure was successful repair and control of intraocular pressure (IOP). The other measures evaluated included change in visual acuity from baseline and complications such as recurrence of bleb leak, endophthalmitis or the need for additional antiglaucoma medication to control IOP.
After a mean follow up of 36.2+/-23 months, the mean IOP at the last visit was 14.5+/-7.6 mm Hg. IOP in 58.8% of eyes was controlled without medication. Complications included early leaks (7/34), late recurrent or persistent leaks (1/34), and endophthalmitis (1/34). In all, 41.2% patients required additional medication at the last visit. Survival analysis at 22 months the probability of total and qualified success was 52% and 72%, respectively. However, this dropped to 10% and 15%, respectively, at 5 years. The probability of total and qualified success further dropped to 2.5% and 5% at 5 years when the IOP cut-off was lowered from 21 to 15 mm Hg. Cox regression analysis failed to identify risk factors for bleb failure.
Surgical bleb revision seems to be effective in treating late bleb leaks with few postoperative complications. However, patients should be followed carefully as late failure of bleb function beyond 2 years is a significant possibility.
Journal of Glaucoma 11/2006; 15(5):432-6. · 1.78 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate surgical outcomes after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALKP) in eyes with keratoconus.
Retrospective review of 127 eyes of 118 keratoconus patients who underwent DALKP at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 1, 1998 and November 30, 2001. The mean age of all patients was 25.9 years (range 11-70 years). The mean follow-up for all patients was 10.9 months (range 4-61 months). Baring of Descemet's membrane (DM) during DALKP was achieved in 47 (37%) eyes; some stroma was left during operation in the remaining 80 (63%) eyes. Snellen visual acuity, intraoperative complications, and postoperative graft status were assessed.
At the last follow-up visit, 74% of all eyes were able to achieve a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50 or better. This level of improvement was more statistically significant with baring of DM (P = 0.005). Intraoperative perforation of DM occurred in 16 (13%) cases and was statistically significant in eyes with deep corneal scars (P = 0.012). However, this perforation did not seem to have an impact on the final visual acuity (P = 0.48). Main graft-related complications included graft-host vascularization (7/127), stromal graft rejection (4/127), graft infection (1/127), and persistent epithelial defect (1/127).
Deep lamellar keratoplasty provides a safer and successful alternative to penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus patients but remains a challenging procedure. Endothelial graft rejection is absent after DALKP. However, stromal graft rejection, although very rare, does occur.
Cornea 06/2006; 25(4):408-12. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate brimonidine-related side effects and the efficacy of brimonidine in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with primary infantile and secondary glaucoma.
Single-center, prospective, interventional, noncomparative case series.
Eighty-three children (mean age, 7.84 years) met the inclusion criteria.
Medical records were reviewed to identify children with primary infantile or other forms of secondary pediatric glaucoma from birth to 15 years who received brimonidine as adjunctive therapy for glaucoma. The parents of the children who met the inclusion criteria completed a detailed questionnaire-based interview. The children were examined to assess weight, major systemic effects, and efficacy of adjunctive brimonidine therapy.
Questionnaire-based interview of parents to assess side effects of brimonidine and IOP-lowering effect of adjunctive brimonidine.
Parents reported symptoms in 70 of 83 children (84%). The most common side effects were excessive sleepiness and lethargy (76%), eye itching and rubbing (49%), and stinging and burning of the eyes (39%). Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant independent association between age and weight with lethargy and sleepiness. In symptomatic patients, symptoms' frequency increased with low weight (<20 kg) and in the young (<6 years). Mean IOP reduction after initiation of brimonidine, mainly as an adjunct, was 5+/-6.7 mmHg (P<0.001).
Side effects after the use of brimonidine in children were frequent. The weight and age of the child were important factors in predicting central nervous system side effects, especially excessive sleepiness and lethargy. Although brimonidine is effective in lowering IOP in children, alternative glaucoma therapy should be considered especially in children weighing <20 kg and those younger than 6 years.
Ophthalmology 01/2006; 112(12):2143. · 5.45 Impact Factor
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Abdullah A Al-Torbak
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ABSTRACT: To investigate surgical outcomes following simultaneous Ahmed glaucoma valve implant and penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in the management of refractory congenital glaucoma with corneal opacity.
A retrospective review was undertaken of pediatric patients who underwent simultaneous Ahmed glaucoma valve implant and PKP at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 1994 and September 1999.
Twenty eyes of 17 patients were included in the study. Cumulative probabilities of success by Kaplan-Meier analysis showed 85%, 44%, and 33% IOP control and 85%, 43%, and 17% graft success at 2, 24, and 48 months. The most common cause of glaucoma failure that required subsequent surgery was subconjunctival scarring, which resulted in loss of long-term IOP control. Main graft-related complications included failure (13/20) and graft ulceration (6/20), and in 4/6 ulcerated grafts, Streptococcus pneumoniae was cultured positively. Subsequent surgery was the only significant clinical factor associated with poor outcome of glaucoma. However, low graft survival rate was significantly associated with delinquency of follow-ups, corneal ulcer, subsequent surgery, and postoperative complications.
The long-term success of simultaneous Ahmed glaucoma valve implant and PKP in refractory congenital glaucoma associated with corneal opacity is low, and the complication rate is high.
Cornea 09/2004; 23(6):554-9. · 1.73 Impact Factor
