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ABSTRACT: Orchid fleck virus (OFV) causes chlorotic or necrotic spots in many orchid species. Its particle morphology and cytopathic effects are similar to those of nucleorhabdoviruses. Although OFV shares clear sequence similarities with rhabdoviruses, its taxonomic status is undetermined because its negative-sense RNA genome is bipartite. This review presents a general overview of classical and contemporary findings about etiology, serology, epidemiology, pathology, molecular biology, detection and prevention methods of orchid fleck virus. Because of the characteristics of OFV and viruses of the Rhabdoviridae and Mononegavirales, it is proposed that a new genus of negative-sense RNA plant viruses outside of the Mononegavirales be established with orchid fleck virus as the type species.
Archives of Virology 10/2012; · 2.11 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect on proliferation and metastasis of 20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH901) on ECV304 cell line. MTT assay was used to examine the effect of cell proliferation inhibition and the adhesive ability of ECV304 cells to artificial basement membrane. Morphology of cell apoptosis was observed with phase contrast microscope. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay. ELISA kit was used to detect VEGF and bFGF. Caspases were detected by Western blotting. Results indicated that ginseng saponin IH901 can downregulate the expression of growth promoting protein VEGF and bFGF, and upregulate proapoptosis protein cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3. The increase in the apoptotic sub-G1 fraction is in a dose-dependent manner, and cell cycle arrests in the G0/G1 phase was detected by FCM. Morphological examination of IH901-treated samples showed cells with chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, and all typical characteristics of apoptotic cells. Therefore, IH901 dramatically suppresses cell proliferation and adhesion and migration of ECV304 cell line.
Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 09/2009; 44(9):967-72.
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ABSTRACT: 20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (IH-901), a novel intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins, is reported to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. We purified the compound and measured its in vitro anti-tumor activity. IH-901 inhibited cell growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We also found that IH-901 induced apoptotic cell death concurrent with cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase in SMMC7721 cells. At the molecular level, we show that IH-901 upregulates cytochrome c, p53, and Bax expression, and downregulates pro-caspase-3 and pro-caspase-9 expressions in a dose-dependent manner, while the levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L) were unchanged in IH-901-treated SMMC7721 cells. These results provide significant insight into the anticarcinogenic action of IH-901.
Cell Biology International 11/2007; 31(10):1265-73. · 1.48 Impact Factor
