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ABSTRACT: Adaptive management has the potential to make environmental management more
democratic through the involvement of different stakeholders. In this article, we examine three case studies at different scales that followed adaptive management processes, critically reflecting upon the role of stakeholder participation in each case. Specifically, we examine at which stages different types of stakeholders can play key roles and the ways that each might be involved. We show that a range of participatory mechanisms can be employed at different stages of the adaptive cycle, and can work together to create conditions for social learning and favorable outcomes for diverse stakeholders. This analysis highlights the need for greater reflection on case study research in order to further refine participatory processes within adaptive management. This should not only address the shortcomings and successes of adaptive management as a form of democratic environmental governance, but should also unpack the links between science, institutions, knowledge, and power.
ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY 01/2006; 11(2):39. · 2.52 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Understanding the socio-economic and environmental implications of rural change requires the active participation of many research disciplines and stakeholders. However, it remains unclear how to best integrate participatory and biophysical research to provide information useful to land managers and policy makers. This paper presents findings of a RELU scoping study that has formulated and applied a research framework based on stakeholder participation and adaptive learning to model rural change in the Peak District National Park in the north of England. The paper describes a learning process that integrates different types of knowledge to produce future scenarios that describe possible economic and environmental changes due to a national review of burning practices on heather moorland and blanket bogs. We stress the need for using social network analysis to structure stakeholder engagement and outline how a range of participatory approaches can facilitate more inclusive environmental planning and policy development. Copyright 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Journal of Agricultural Economics. 01/2006; 57(2):259-275.
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ABSTRACT: Hybridization of Y chromosome-specific probes to Southern blots of genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from patients with chromosomal variants permits direct and rapid characterization of the chromosomal content. We have used two single-copy Y chromosomal sequences specific for the short arm (47z and DP34) and one repeated sequence specific to the long arm (Y3.4) to study several patients with different types of sex chromosomal abnormalities, including three patients with gonadal dysgenesis and the karyotype 45,X/46,X + fragment, two females with Y autosomal translocations involving similar regions of the Y chromosome (46,XX,t(Y;14)(q11,p11) and 46,XY,t(Y;15)(q11,p11), two males with very small Y chromosomes (del(Y)(q12) and i(Yp], and a 45,X male with a small Y autosomal translocation. These techniques are more sensitive than chromosome banding and thus are an important adjunct to karyotyping for analysis of chromosomal content. For patients with gonadal dysgenesis and uncharacterized fragments, demonstration of Y chromosomal sequences identifies an important risk factor for the development of gonadoblastoma. For other patients, accurate identification of Y chromosomal content may facilitate prediction of the patient's phenotype.
Journal of Pediatrics 12/1987; 111(5):678-83. · 4.11 Impact Factor
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M. Reed,
K. Hubacek,
A. Bonn,
T. Burt,
J. Holden, L.C. Stringer,
N. Beharry-Borg,
S. Buckmaster,
D. Chapman,
P. Chapman, [......],
B. Irvine,
M. Kirkby,
W. Kunin,
C. Prell,
C.H. Quinn,
W. Slee,
S. Stagl,
M. Termansen,
S. Thorp,
F. Worrall
Ecology and Society.
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J. Holden,
L. Shotbolt,
A. Bonn,
T.P. Burt,
P.J. Chapman,
A.J. Dougill,
E.D.G. Fraser,
K. Hubacek,
B. Irvine,
M.J. Kirkby,
M.S. Reed,
C. Prell,
S. Stagl, L.C. Stringer,
A. Turner,
F. Worrall
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ABSTRACT: Moorlands are unique environments found in uplands of the temperate zone including in the UK, New Zealand and Ireland, and in some high altitude tropical zones such as the Andean páramos. Many have been managed through grazing, burning or drainage practices. However, there are a number of other environmental and social factors that are likely to drive changes in management practice over the next few decades. Some moorlands have been severely degraded and in some countries conservation and restoration schemes are being attempted, particularly to revegetate bare soils. Native or non-native woodland planting may increase in some moorland environments while atmospheric deposition of many pollutants may also vary. Moorland environments are very sensitive to changes in management, climate or pollution. This paper reviews how environmental management change, such as changes in grazing or burning practices, may impact upon moorland processes based on existing scientific understanding. It also reviews the impacts of changes in climate and atmospheric deposition chemistry. The paper focuses on the UK moorlands as a case study of moorland landscapes that are in different states of degradation. Future research that is required to improve our understanding of moorland processes is outlined. The paper shows that there is a need for more holistic and spatial approaches to understanding moorland processes and management. There is also a need to develop approaches that combine understanding of interlinked social and natural processes.
Earth-Science Reviews.
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J. Holden,
L. Shotbolt,
A. Bonn,
T. P. Burt,
P. J. Chapman,
A. J. Dougill,
E. D. G. Fraser,
K. Hubacek,
B. Irvine,
M. J. Kirkby,
M. S. Reed,
C. Prell,
S. Stagl, L. C. Stringer,
A. Turner,
F. Worrall
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Moorlands are unique environments found in uplands of the temperate zone including in the UK, New Zealand and Ireland, and in some high altitude tropical zones such as the Andean páramos. Many have been managed through grazing, burning or drainage practices. However, there are a number of other environmental and social factors that are likely to drive changes in management practice over the next few decades. Some moorlands have been severely degraded and in some countries conservation and restoration schemes are being attempted, particularly to revegetate bare soils. Native or non-native woodland planting may increase in some moorland environments while atmospheric deposition of many pollutants may also vary. Moorland environments are very sensitive to changes in management, climate or pollution. This paper reviews how environmental management change, such as changes in grazing or burning practices, may impact upon moorland processes based on existing scientific understanding. It also reviews the impacts of changes in climate and atmospheric deposition chemistry. The paper focuses on the UK moorlands as a case study of moorland landscapes that are in different states of degradation. Future research that is required to improve our understanding of moorland processes is outlined. The paper shows that there is a need for more holistic and spatial approaches to understanding moorland processes and management. There is also a need to develop approaches that combine understanding of interlinked social and natural processes.
