Gwen Garrison

Publications (5)11.69 Total impact

• Article: U.S. Graduate Medical Education and Physician Specialty Choice.

  Paul Jolly, Clese Erikson, Gwen Garrison
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  ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: The United States is facing a critical physician shortage. It will only get worse as many more Americans gain insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act and as additional millions enter the Medicare system. There is a serious concern that the pipeline for the production of the physician workforce is inadequate to meet future needs. It is imperative to continue to monitor the structure and size of this pipeline-the purpose of the research reported here. METHOD: This descriptive analysis uses data derived from the National Graduate Medical Education Census, which includes reports on the entire population of residents in programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Data for the years 2001 to 2010 are reported both on specialties which can be entered directly from medical school or with one preliminary year and on subspecialty residencies and fellowships, which require completion of an earlier residency program. Estimates of the number of new trainees who will practice primary care are provided. RESULTS: In 2010, there were 4,754 residents reported in preliminary programs, 89,142 residents in core specialty and combined specialty programs, and 20,007 in subspecialty and sub-subspecialty programs. Between 2001 and 2010, there was a 13.6% (13,655) increase in all residents. Since 2001, there has been a 6.3% (540) decrease in the number expected to enter primary care. CONCLUSIONS: Without a substantially accelerated growth in graduate medical education, the physician workforce will fall short of the nation's needs, and competition for available residency positions will radically increase.
  Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 02/2013; · 2.34 Impact Factor
• Article: Key Indicator in Academic Medicine: number of program year 1 residents in accredited residency programs.

  Clese Erikson, Paul Jolly, Gwen Garrison
  Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 02/2012; 87(2):238-9. · 2.34 Impact Factor
• Article: Participation in U.S. graduate medical education by graduates of international medical schools.

  Paul Jolly, John Boulet, Gwen Garrison, Mona M Signer
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  ABSTRACT: International medical graduates (IMGs) are an important part of U.S. graduate medical education (GME) and medical practice. They make up a significant number of the participants in both the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) and the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). The authors analyze and report statistics describing the multiple pathways used by IMGs in pursuit of a U.S. residency position. This is a descriptive study of 10,328 IMGs certified by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) between July 1, 2005 and June 30, 2006. Linked data on this cohort were obtained from the ECFMG, ERAS, and the NRMP, combined with residency data from the National GME Census. The study determined the numbers of members of the study cohort who participated in ERAS and/or the NRMP in 2003 through 2009, and who found a residency appointment in the United States between 2003 and the first half of 2010. The IMGs in the study cohort began applying for residencies in significant numbers in the year immediately following ECFMG certification, but almost half were unsuccessful in their first attempts. Three-quarters of the members of the cohort had begun a residency by 2010. IMGs make up a very substantial fraction of ERAS and NRMP participants. Although they face significant hurdles in achieving their goal, the majority of those who persist are ultimately successful. If enrollments and graduations of U.S. MD- and DO-granting medical schools continue to rise, IMGs' difficulty in finding residencies is sure to increase.
  Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 03/2011; 86(5):559-64. · 2.34 Impact Factor
• Article: Perspective: PhD scientists completing medical school in two years: looking at the Miami PhD-to-MD program alumni twenty years later.

  Leonidas G Koniaris, Michael C Cheung, Gwen Garrison, William M Awad, Teresa A Zimmers
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  ABSTRACT: Producing and retaining physician-scientists remains a major challenge in advancing innovation, knowledge, and patient care across all medical disciplines. Various programs during medical school, including MD-PhD programs, have been instituted to address the need for continued production of physician-scientists. From 1971 through 1989, 508 students with a prior PhD in the sciences, mathematics, or engineering graduated in two years from an accelerated MD program at the University of Miami School of Medicine. The program, designed to address potential clinical physician shortages rather than physician-scientist shortages, quickly attracted many top-notch scientists to medicine. Many program graduates went to top-tier residencies, pursued research careers in academic medicine, and became academic leaders in their respective fields. A retrospective examination of graduates conducted in 2008-2009 demonstrated that approximately 59% took positions in academic university medical departments, 3% worked for governmental agencies, 5% entered industry as researchers or executives, and 33% opted for private practice. Graduates' positions included 85 full professors, 11 university directors or division heads, 14 academic chairs, 2 medical school deans, and 1 astronaut. Overall, 30% of graduates had obtained National Institutes of Health funding after completing the program. These results suggest that accelerated medical training for accomplished scientists can produce a large number of successful physician-scientists and other leaders in medicine. Furthermore, these results suggest that shortening the medical portion of combined MD-PhD programs might also be considered.
  Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 04/2010; 85(4):687-91. · 2.34 Impact Factor
• Article: Three pathways to a physician career: applicants to U.S. MD and DO schools and U.S. Citizen applicants to international medical schools.

  Paul Jolly, Gwen Garrison, John R Boulet, Thomas Levitan, Richard A Cooper
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  ABSTRACT: To determine the size of the overall applicant pool for medical education (applicants to U.S. MD schools and DO schools, and to international medical schools) and to determine the degree of overlap of the three types of applicants. A cooperative agreement among the Association of American Medical Colleges, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, and the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates permitted the authors to uniquely identify applicants and students of all three types and to combine their data into a study file containing data on applicants for each year. Overlaps in the three applicant pools were then determined, and repeat applicants were separated from first-time applicants. A key finding is that two thirds of osteopathic applicants in any recent year also applied to U.S. MD schools, whereas only one in seven U.S. MD applicants also applied to DO schools. Seventy-two percent of students in international medical schools did not apply to any U.S. school in the same year. After separating out repeat applicants, the authors found that 90% of all first-time applicants applied to a U.S. MD school. If all first-time applicants applied to U.S. MD schools, the pool of first-time applicants would be increased by only 11%. It may be necessary to recruit additional applicants to meet projected growth in the aggregate capacity of both U.S. MD and DO schools. Although the number and quality of applicants seem to be adequate for the near term, it will be important to continue to monitor these trends.
  Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 01/2009; 83(12):1125-31. · 2.34 Impact Factor