Gunnar Tafjord

Publications (2)4.59 Total impact

• Article: Implementation of high-dose-rate brachytherapy and androgen deprivation in patients with prostate cancer.

  Wolfgang Lilleby, Gunnar Tafjord, Nils K Raabe
  [show abstract] [hide abstract]
  ABSTRACT: To evaluate outcome (overall survival [OS], the actuarial 5-year cancer-specific survival [CSS], disease-free survival [DFS], biochemical failure-free survival [BFS]), complications and morbidity in patients treated with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) boost and hormonal treatment with curative aims. Between 2004 and 2009, 275 prospectively followed pN0/N0M0 patients were included: 19 patients (7%) with T2, Gleason score 7 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <10 and 256 patients (93%) with T3 or Gleason score 8-10 or PSA >20 received multimodal treatment with conformal four-field radiotherapy (prostate/vesiculae 2 Gy × 25) combined with HDR-BT (iridium 192; prostate 10 Gy × 2) with long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). After a median observation time of 44.2 months (range, 10.4-90.5 months) 12 patients had relapsed clinically and/or biochemically and 10 patients were dead, of which 2 patients died from prostate cancer. Five-year estimates of BFS, CSS, DFS, and OS rates were 98.5%, 99.3%, 95.6%, and 96.3%, respectively. None of the patients with either Gleason score <8 or with intermediate risk profile had relapsed. The number of HDR-BT treatments was not related to outcome. Despite of age (median, 65.7 years; range, 45.7-77 years) and considerable pretreatment comorbidity in 39 of 275 patients, Genitourinary treatment-related morbidity was moderate with long-lasting Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Grade 2 voiding problems in 26 patients (9.5%) and occasionally mucous discharge in 20 patients (7%), none with Grade >2 for gastrointestinal at follow-up. Complications during implantations were related to pubic arch interference (4 patients) and lithotomy time, causing 2 patients to develop compartment syndrome. Despite still preliminary observations, our 5-year outcome estimates favor the implementation of high-dose-rate brachytherapy in high-risk patients combined with conformal external radiotherapy and long-term ADT. High-quality implants can be achieved by a trained specialized team at a high-turnover center using transrectal ultrasound-based treatment plans with acceptable morbidity and complication rates.
  International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics 12/2011; 83(3):933-9. · 4.59 Impact Factor
• Article: [High dose rate brachytherapy in prostate cancer in Norway].

  Nils Kristian Raabe, Wolfgang Lilleby, Gunnar Tafjord, Lennart Aström
  [show abstract] [hide abstract]
  ABSTRACT: A correlation exists between applied dose to the prostate and local tumour control. External radiotherapy of the prostate implies administering curative doses near the upper limit of normal tissue tolerance. Brachytherapy with a high dose rate permits an escalation of dose within the prostate without increasing the risk of side effects to the surrounding rectum and bladder. This article presents a study of the first 100 patients in Norway with localized/locally advanced prostate cancer treated with high dose-rate brachytherapy combined with external radiotherapy. Patients belonging to an intermediate or high risk group and patients in whom radiotherapy was expected to give rise to increased toxicity (irrespective of the clinical stage) were included. Several hollow steel needles were implanted through the perineum into the gland during general anaesthesia. A small Iridium source with a short irradiation length was introduced stepwise and temporarily into each steel needle, according to a meticulate dosing plan. All patients came to an outpatient control 3-5 months after the combined treatment. Median follow-up was 8 months. Acute side effects were scarce and few complications from the rectum were seen. The observation time was too short to evaluate the relapse-free survival. High dose rate brachytherapy is indicated in patients with prostate cancer of an intermediate or high risk or if a radiation dose with a full external beam proposes a hazard to the patient. Combined radiotherapy (external beam and high dose rate brachytherapy) is considered to be a standard treatment at the Norwegian Radium Hospital.
  Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening 06/2008; 128(11):1275-8.