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ABSTRACT: Genetics are an important factor in the development of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, there is very little information available regarding the role of genetics in canine IBD. The purpose of this study was to gather information about which canine breeds in the south-eastern UK are at a high risk for developing IBD. Determination of such breeds may help further genetic research in this complex disease. The computer medical records at the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College dating from August 1, 2003 to December 31, 2009 were retrospectively searched for cases diagnosed with IBD. Five hundred and forty-six dogs with IBD were identified, representing 86 different breeds. The comparison group consisted of all dogs from these same 86 breeds without IBD admitted to the hospital during the same period that amounted to 27,463 dogs. The breeds at significantly higher risk of developing IBD compared with mixed-breed dogs consisted of weimaraner (odds ratio [OR]=3.6797, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI]=2.0167 to 6.7141, P<0.0001), rottweiler (OR=2.9697, 95 per cent CI=1.7569 to 5.0196, P<0.0001), German shepherd dog (GSD) (OR=2.4101, 95 per cent CI=1.5826 to 3.36705, P<0.0001), border collie (OR=1.9936, 95 per cent CI=1.1655 to 3.4101, P=0.0118) and boxer (OR=1.6961, 95 per cent CI=1.0441 to 2.755, P=0.0328). This study demonstrates for the first time canine breeds in the south-eastern UK that are highly susceptible to developing IBD. Identification of such breeds may allow for a more focused investigation of genetic mutations associated with canine IBD.
The Veterinary record. 09/2011; 169(24):635.
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ABSTRACT: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to be the most common cause of vomiting and diarrhoea in dogs. Although IBD can occur in any canine breed, certain breeds are more susceptible. We have previously shown that polymorphisms in the TLR4 and TLR5 (toll-like receptor) genes are significantly associated with IBD in German Shepherd dogs (GSDs). In order to allow for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics suitable for all dogs suffering from IBD, it would be useful to determine if the described polymorphisms are also significantly associated with IBD in other breeds. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in the canine TLR4 and TLR5 genes are associated with IBD in other non-GSD canine breeds. The significance of the previously identified non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR4 (T23C, G1039A, A1571T and G1807A) and TLR5 genes (G22A, C100T and T1844C) were evaluated in a case-control study using a SNaPSHOT multiplex reaction. Sequencing information from 85 unrelated dogs with IBD consisting of 38 different breeds was compared with a breed-matched control group consisting of 162 unrelated dogs. Indeed, as in the GSD IBD population, the two TLR5 SNPs (C100T and T1844C) were found to be significantly protective for IBD in other breeds (P = 0.023 and P = 0.0195 respectively). Our study suggests that the two TLR5 SNPs, C100T and T1844C could play a role in canine IBD as these were found to be protective factors for this disease in 38 different canine breeds. Thus, targeting TLR5 in the canine system may represent a suitable way to develop new treatment for IBD in dogs.
Tissue Antigens 05/2011; 78(2):94-101. · 2.59 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: CD11c serves as a marker for human and murine dendritic cells (DCs) and cells expressing this marker have been shown to have similar morphological and functional characteristics in the canine immune system. The aim of this study was to quantify CD11c(+) cells in the duodenum, ileum and colon of healthy dogs and dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Endoscopic biopsies from the duodenum (n=12 cases), ileum (n=8 cases) and colon (n=12 cases) were obtained from dogs diagnosed with IBD. Intestinal tissue from 10 healthy beagle dogs was used as control. Immunofluorescence microscopy was carried out using an anti-canine CD11c monoclonal antibody. Labelled cells were recorded as cells per 120,000 μm(2). The canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) was calculated for all dogs with IBD. In addition, sections from all dogs with IBD were evaluated according to the guidelines of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Gastrointestinal Standardization Group. The number of CD11c(+) cells in the duodenum, ileum and colon of dogs with IBD was significantly reduced compared with controls (P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between the number of CD11c(+) cells in the colon of dogs with IBD and the CCECAI (P=0.044, r(2)=-0.558). Chronic inflammation in canine IBD appears to involve an imbalance in the intestinal DC population. Future studies will determine whether reduced expression of CD11c could be a useful marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of canine IBD.
Journal of comparative pathology 05/2011; 145(4):359-66. · 1.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To investigate whether elevated canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (CPLI) concentrations in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a worse clinical outcome.
Serum CPLI assays were performed on serum stored from cases diagnosed with IBD. Thirty-two dogs with CPLI results within the reference range were designated as the control group and 15 dogs had CPLI above the reference range. Clinical signs, age, serum lipase and amylase activities, serum albumin and cobalamin concentrations, abdominal ultrasound examination, histopathology on small intestinal biopsies, management of IBD and outcome were compared between the two groups.
No significant differences were found in clinical activity score (P=0.54), number of antibiotic-responsive disease cases (P=0.480), number of steroid-responsive disease cases (P=0.491), serum amylase activity (P=0.058), serum cobalamin concentration (P=0.61), serum albumin concentration (P=0.052), abdominal ultrasound score (P=0.23) and histopathology scores for IBD (P=0.74) between the two groups. Dogs with increased CPLI concentration were significantly older and had a higher serum lipase activity than dogs with a CPLI concentration within the normal reference range (P=0.001, P=0.001, respectively). Moreover, dogs with increased CPLI concentration responded poorly to steroid treatment (P=0.01) and were significantly more likely to be euthanased at follow-up (P=0.02).
CPLI should be measured in cases of canine IBD as elevated CPLI was associated with a worse outcome.
Journal of Small Animal Practice 04/2009; 50(3):126-32. · 1.00 Impact Factor
