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ABSTRACT: Linzhou, Yangcheng, Shexian and Yangzhong counties are considered to be high-risk areas for esophageal carcinoma using traditional
standards. However, based on the incidence of malignant tumors and death statistics from 1998∼2002 in Chinese cities and counties[1],
the incidence of esophageal carcinoma in these counties was not the most prominent. In these areas, the incidence of gastric
cancer ranked first. So what are the differences between the above-mentioned areas and Changle in Fujina and Linqu in Shandong
Province? The authors have combined the defined norms for cardiac cancer, published by the WHO in 2000, with the epidemiological
changes in high-risk areas of esophageal carcinoma[2]. We propose to discuss the importance of cardiac cancer morbidity and
death registration in tumor monitoring sites all over China, and to provide new views related to this topic of interest.
Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology 04/2012; 4(6):438-441.
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ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of recombinant human endostatin Endostar on metastasis and angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis of colorectal cancer cells in a mouse xenograft model. Colon cancer cells SW620 were injected subcutaneously into the left hind flank of nude mice to establish mouse xenograft models. The mice were treated with normal saline or Endostar subcutaneously every other day. The growth and lymph node metastasis of tumor cells, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in tumor tissue were detected. Apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were studied by flow cytometry. The expression of VEGF-A, -C, or -D in SW620 cells was determined by immunoblotting assays. Endostar inhibited tumor growth and the rate of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). The density of blood vessels in or around the tumor area was 12.27 ± 1.21 and 22.25 ± 2.69 per field in Endostar-treated mice and controls (P < 0.05), respectively. Endostar also decreased the density of lymphatic vessels in tumor tissues (7.84 ± 0.81 vs. 13.83 ± 1.08, P < 0.05). Endostar suppresses angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the lymph nodes with metastases, simultaneously. The expression of VEGF-A, -C and -D in SW620 cells treated with Endostar was substantially lower than that of controls. Endostar inhibited growth and lymph node metastasis of colon cancer cells by inhibiting angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer.
Pathology & Oncology Research 09/2011; 18(2):315-23. · 1.37 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To isolate atropine and scopolamine from Daturae metelis Flos, three different elution modes have been applied in pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. These separations were performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (4:1:5 v/v) with 0.50% triethylamine in the organic phase and 0.15% hydrochloric acid in the aqueous phase. As a result, the best separation was obtained by counter-rotation and dual-mode elution procedure. In this new separation mode, the mobile phase and stationary phase were exchanged when the rotation direction was reversed. The two purified alkaloids (purity over 98% as determined by HPLC) were identified by ESI-MS, (1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR.
Journal of Separation Science 03/2011; 34(7):806-11. · 2.73 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been rising in many countries, while esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has remained stable or even declined in the same populations over the identical periods. These differences in trends indicate that these cancer subtypes may have a different etiology, which may be caused by lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Therefore, a matched case-control study to clarify the risk factors of alcohol and tobacco intake on the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma was collected in Hebei Province of China. The life expectancy of the study area was around 70 years old. In the present study, 98 patients younger than 65 years who were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma and had initial surgeries (cases) were matched with 294 healthy adults (controls) at a ratio of 1:3 according to sex and age. We found the proportions of drinkers and smokers among cases were 48.0% and 60.2%, respectively, versus 21.2% and 43.5% among controls. Univariate conditional logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratios (ORs) showed a nearly monotonic increase for the duration of alcohol consumption and duration of tobacco smoking. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that only alcohol consumption was a significant risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Additional analysis of the combination of amount and duration of alcohol consumption indicated that heavy drinkers (> 30 ml/day) had significantly higher ORs, irrespective of the duration of alcohol consumption. In conclusion, heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma independent of the duration of such consumption.
The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 01/2011; 224(1):21-7. · 1.24 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To study major etiological factors for esophageal cancer in upper gastrointestinal cancer high risk areas in China.
Five areas with high incidences of esophageal and gastric cancer with good quality cancer registration data were selected for the study: Cixian, Shexian from Hebei Province, Linxian from Henan Province, Feicheng from Shandong Province and Zhuanghe from Liaoning Province. A total of 250 cases were randomly recruited from the cancer registration database diagnosed as arising in the lower esophageal segment since January 1, 2009. Three controls were identified and matched with each case as having similar characteristics, such as gender, sex and residency. Questionnaires were applied by face to face interview with trained staff, and data entry was conducted using EPIDATA software. Conditional logistic models were employed for univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate odd ratios and 95% confident intervals, with SPSS 13.0 statistic software.
In single variable analysis, gastrointestinal history, GERD, smoking, passive smoking, alcohol drinking, hot food, pickled food, overnight vegetable, dried food, no breakfast, false dining posture were found to be risk factors of esophageal cancer. Eating more fresh vegetables and high BMI were protective factors. Gastrointestinal history (OR=12.658), not taking regular meals (3.465), overnight vegetables (OR=3.296), GERD (OR=3.044), hot food (OR=2.510), passive smoking (OR=2.423), pickled food (OR=2.273), alcohol drinking (OR=2.074), seldom eating breakfast(OR=1.987), and false dining posture (OR=1.977) increased the risk of esophageal cancer on multivariate logistic analysis, and fresh vegetables (OR=0.279) and BMI≥25 (OR=0.528) continued to be protective.
Esophageal cancer could be caused by genetics acting in synergy with environmental factors. Health education for the general population in high risk areas should be strengthened, with intervention programs of nutrition and lifestyle focusing on effective prevention and control for upper gastrointestinal cancer.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 01/2010; 11(6):1631-6. · 0.66 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The effects of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking on the prevalence of esophageal cancer vary considerably by country, race and lifestyle. Few data exist on the effect of the interaction between the amount and duration of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking on the incidence of esophageal cancer. In this case-control study, the cases included patients with histologically confirmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) younger than 60 years of age and recruited between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2006. The controls had no abnormality during a medical checkup. A total of 835 pairs were created by pairing each case to a gender- and age-matched control. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Univariate conditional logistic regression analyses revealed that the ORs according to both duration of alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking increased monotonically. Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking may have a synergistic effect on the incidence of ESCC. Conditional logistic regression analysis using a forward stepwise selection procedure revealed that the incidence of ESCC was associated with the duration of tobacco smoking, the interaction between the amount and duration of alcohol consumption, and a family history of cancer. In particular, groups with a long duration of alcohol consumption and high alcohol intake had much higher ORs than those with short duration and low intake, which highlights the importance of the interaction between the amount and duration of alcohol intake. This study confirmed the significance of the interaction between alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking in esophageal cancer. This interaction between amount and duration is an accurate indicator for estimating the risk of esophageal cancer attributable to alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking. These findings suggest that decreasing the number of young and middle-aged drinkers and smokers will reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer.
Experimental and therapeutic medicine 01/2010; 1(6):991-997.
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ABSTRACT: To find a feasible method for the stimulation of tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) cells in preparation for use in the clinic, the CTL activity of TDLN cells induced by different stimuli [IL-2 alone, IL-2 + autologous tumor antigen (atAg), IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg] was measured by maximal LDH enzyme release. The mechanisms were explored by the observation of morphology and the detection of CD83+ TDLN cells. The expansion of TDLN cells by IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg was significantly higher than that by IL-2 alone or IL-2 + atAg (p<0.01). Antitumor CTL activity of TDLN cells induced by IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg was significantly higher than those of other groups. The number of CD83+ cells within the TDLN population treated with IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg was significantly elevated. The method of stimulating TDLN cells by IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg was better than the stimulation with IL-2 or IL-2 + atAg. TDLN cells induced by IL-2 + GM-CSF + IL-4 + atAg produced more dendritic cells (DCs). In our study, we established a system that T cells and DCs were stimulated together ex vivo, which was easy to conduct and produce promising results. It provided a new method for improving TDLN cell antitumor activity which might be used in the clinical cancer therapy.
Cellular & molecular immunology 08/2008; 5(4):307-13. · 2.99 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess the association between the C to T transition in the methylenetetrahydro folate reductase gene (MTHFR C677T) and the C to T transition in the serine hydroxymethyltransferase ( 1 )gene (SHMT ( 1 ) C1420T) and the increased risk of carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) in a population of high incident region of Northern China.
The polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR-confronting two-pair primers analysis respectively among 1051 cancer patients (584 ESCC and 467 GCA) and 540 healthy controls.
The MTHFR 677T/T genotype significantly increased susceptibility to both ESCC and GCA compared with the C/C genotype, the adjusted OR was 2.13 (95% CI = 1.50-3.02) and 1.28 (95% CI = 1.07-1.53, respectively. For the SHMT ( 1 ) C1420T polymorphism, the C/C genotype was significantly associated with the increased risk of ESCC and GCA, compared with the C/T genotype (the adjusted OR = 1.43 and 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02-2.00 and 1.11-1.63, respectively). The interactive influence of the MTHFR and SHMT ( 1 ) polymorphisms in the risk of ESCC and GCA was also observed.
The association between the MTHFR C677T and SHMT ( 1 ) C1420T polymorphisms and the risk of ESCC and GCA was demonstrated.
Cancer Causes and Control 04/2007; 18(2):143-52. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: ObjectiveTo assess the association between the C to T transition in the methylenetetrahydro folate reductase gene (MTHFR C677T) and the C to T transition in the serine hydroxymethyltransferase
1
gene (SHMT
1
C1420T) and the increased risk of carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma
(GCA) in a population of high incident region of Northern China.
MethodsThe polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR-confronting
two-pair primers analysis respectively among 1051 cancer patients (584 ESCC and 467 GCA) and 540 healthy controls.
ResultsThe MTHFR 677T/T genotype significantly increased susceptibility to both ESCC and GCA compared with the C/C genotype, the adjusted
OR was 2.13 (95% CI = 1.50–3.02) and 1.28 (95% CI = 1.07–1.53, respectively. For the SHMT
1
C1420T polymorphism, the C/C genotype was significantly associated with the increased risk of ESCC and GCA, compared with
the C/T genotype (the adjusted OR = 1.43 and 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–2.00 and 1.11–1.63, respectively). The interactive influence
of the MTHFR and SHMT
1
polymorphisms in the risk of ESCC and GCA was also observed.
ConclusionThe association between the MTHFR C677T and SHMT
1
C1420T polymorphisms and the risk of ESCC and GCA was demonstrated.
Cancer Causes and Control 02/2007; 18(2):143-152. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Riboflavin-fortified salt is now supplied in the diet for residents who live in high incidence areas for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in China.
All residents from 21 townships in Cixian, Hebei province were divided into an intervention group (9 townships, 11,382 people) who took up riboflavin-fortified salt and a control group (12 townships, 10,711 people) who were free from riboflavin-fortified salt. Some 1,300 of the control group and 950 of the intervention group were randomly selected to undergo endoscopy examination using iodine dying with multi-point biopsy and histopathology examination. Among them 155 of the intervention group and 120 of the control group were tested for the blood riboflavin level with reference to the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC). Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence data were further obtained from the Cixian Cancer Registry.
The results of endoscopy suggested the mucosal status of the intervention group to be better than that of the control group. It showed 82.1% of the mucosal status of control group to be normal, 14.8% to have dysplasia, and 3.1% pre-cancer or cancer, respectively, as compared to 84.8%, 13.6% and 1.6%, respectively, for the intervention group. The mean EGRAC values for the intervention and control groups were 1.452 and 1.606, respectively (P< 0.01); compared with normal mucous membrane of esophagus, the lack of riboflavin increased the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OR=3.921, 95%CI =1.853 approximately 11.936), but the risk of dysplasia did not increase (OR=3.421, 95%CI=0.912-10.159); after intervention, the six years average esophageal squamous cell carcinoma incidence of the intervention group (112.46/100,000) was lower than in the control group (142.11/100,000), although there was no statistical significance (u=1.858, P> 0.05).
It proved practical and effective to improve the status of riboflavin and esophageal mucosa by taking up riboflavin-fortified salt.
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP 10(4):619-22. · 0.66 Impact Factor
