-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents was examined for 138 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from 192 fecal samples of wild cranes that migrated for wintering to the Izumi plain, Kagoshima prefecture in Japan. The numbers of isolates that were resistant to the antimicrobials used in this study are as follows: oxytetracycline (OTC), 22 isolates; minocycline, 7 isolates; ampicillin (ABPC), 4 isolates; nalidixic acid, 4 isolates; enrofloxacin, 2 isolates; kanamycin, one isolate. Multidrug resistant isolates exhibiting 2-4 drug resistances were obtained. All of the OTC-resistant isolates carried either the tet (A) or tet(B) gene. The bla(TEM) gene was found in all of the ABPC-resistant isolates.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 11/2011; 74(3):395-7. · 0.85 Impact Factor
-
Ichiro Nakamura,
Takeshi Obi,
Yoko Sakemi,
Ayano Nakayama,
Kei Miyazaki,
Go Ogura,
Masanobu Tamaki,
Tatsuzo Oka, Kozo Takase,
Atsushi Miyamoto,
Yasuhiro Kawamoto
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in 128 Escherichia coli isolates was investigated in two species of invasive alien mammals (IAMs): the small Asian mongoose (SAM) and Japanese weasel (JW). The SAM is found on the main island of Okinawa, Japan, where a large number of livestock is available, and the JW is present on a small island, where is isolated from the main island, and have a small number of livestock. We focused on the two IAMs, inhabiting under the different environments, and compared their prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli. In the comparison of the frequencies of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates between the SAM and JW, JW showed significantly higher prevalence of resistance against three drugs, ampicillin, chlortetracycline and nalidixic acid, compared with SAM's test results (P<0.05). The bla(TEM) gene and the aph1 gene were detected in 35 subjects (91%) of ampicillin-resistant isolates and 6 subjects (100%) of kanamycin-resistant isolates, respectively. The tet (A) gene was detected in 62 subjects (46%) of CTC-resistant isolates, and the tet (B) gene was detected in 25 subjects (8%) of those in IAM. The present results suggest that some IAMs were the carrier of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their genes, and the frequencies of these resistances were different between two IAM species.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 04/2011; 73(8):1067-70. · 0.85 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The prevalence of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens in Japan was investigated. In the first examination at slaughterhouses, lesions were commonly observed on the footpads of a total of 8,985 broiler chickens from 45 flocks on 36 farms. In 3 flocks, all the birds examined had lesions. In the other 42 flocks, the incidence of FPD ranged from 31.9% (81/254) to 99.5% (1/222). The footpad lesions were classified into 4 categories according to the severity of dermatitis as follows; score 0, 1,181 birds (13.1%); score 1, 2,992 birds (33.3%); score 2, 3,000 birds (33.4%); and score 3, 1,812 birds (20.2%). The mean scores of the flocks varied widely from 0.31 to 2.69. Males had higher mean scores than females. No significant differences were found between the mean scores of birds reared in windowless houses and those in open-sided houses. On 4 farms, the investigation was carried out in different seasons, and 3 of them showed higher mean scores in winter than in summer. Next, observation of 2,255 birds from 15 flocks on 5 farms during a 4-week rearing period revealed that FPD was already produced at 7 days of age and worsened with age.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 03/2011; 73(3):293-7. · 0.85 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Sasa veitchii or "kumazasa" has been used for the preservation of food, or preventing bacterial activity. However, the antiviral activity of kumazasa is poorly understood. In the present study, the antiviral activity of kumazasa extract (KE) was assessed by the plaque reduction assay for the pseudorabies virus (PRV). KE reduced 99% of the plaque formation of PRV at concentrations of 1.2%, showing that KE inhibited PRV adsorption to cells and IE180 expression. The polysaccharide fraction of KE showed a concentration dependent inhibition of PRV plaque formation. We conclude that KE possesses potent anti PRV activity, and the candidate responsible for the antiviral property was the polysaccharide fraction.
Biocontrol science 12/2010; 15(4):123-8. · 0.78 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: From November 2002 to February 2008, 2,251 crane feces were collected at the Izumi Plain in Kagoshima Prefecture. Salmonella enterica was isolated from 359 feces (15.9%), of which 332 (92.5%) were Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), 9 were S. Hvittingfoss/II, 4 were S. Abaetetuba, 3 were S. Enteritidis, 2 were S. Konstanz, 1 was S. Pakistan and 8 were untyped isolates, respectively. Against 12 antimicrobial agents, no resistant strains were found in 154 isolates examined, but one was found to be resistant to ampicillin. By pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), all but one of the 68 ST isolates tested showed indistinguishable banding patterns; one had a different pattern. The results suggest that ST strains from the same origin would spread in crane flocks during their stay at Izumi Plain every winter.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 03/2010; 72(7):939-42. · 0.85 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Although fibrin sealant (FS) has an advantage of high biocompatibility, its adhesive force and sealing effect have been generally considered to be inadequate. In the present study, a high adhesive force and sealing effect were obtained by first rubbing fibrinogen solution into the target tissue, attaching polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt to the treated area, and finally spraying it with FS. This method was compared with three conventional FS application methods and a method using fibrin glue-coated collagen fleece. The adhesive force resulting from the present method was 12 times higher than that for the sequential application method, 4.5 times higher than the spray method, 2.5 times higher than the rubbing and spray method, and 2.2 times higher than the use of fibrin glue-coated collagen fleece. The high adhesive force of FS with PGA felt seemed to be due the high fibrin content of the fibrin gel (FG). Light and electron microscopic observations suggested that the formation of FG in closer contact with the muscle fibers was a factor contributing to this superior adhesive force. Comparison of the sealing effect of the present method with other methods using various biomaterials in combination with FS showed that the sealing effect of FS with PGA felt was 1.4 times higher that of polyglactin 910, 1.8 times that of polytetrafluoroethylene, and 6.7 times that of oxidized regenerated cellulose.
Journal of Investigative Surgery 10/2009; 22(5):383-9. · 1.09 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: This work was done to identify a fowl adenovirus (FAV) binding protein in the gizzard, a known target organ for certain strains of FAV serotype 1. By using a virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA), a putative FAV binding protein of approximately 200 kDa expressed in the gizzard was detected.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 12/2007; 69(11):1203-5. · 0.85 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: One hundred twenty Salmonella Enteritidis isolates collected from 1992 to 2005 in Nagasaki prefecture (65 isolates from 40 outbreak cases, 44 from sporadic diarrhea patients, and 11 from chicken-related products) were investigated by their antibiotic susceptibility profiles, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Out of them, 18 were identified as lysine decarboxylase (LDC)-negative isolates, and 15 showed resistance toward streptomycin. Based on the PFGE typing, the isolates were classified into five clusters by UPGMA clustering method. Three LDC-negative isolates belonged to cluster A and were of phage type (PT) 4 and isolated between 2000 and 2004. Other 15 LDC-negative isolates belonged to cluster E. They were PT1, reacted but did not conform (RDNC), or untypable and were isolated between 2001 and 2004. LDC-negative isolates of the cluster A differed from LDC-negative isolates of the cluster E in antibiotic susceptibility profiles, phage typing, and PFGE typing. LDC-negative isolates of the cluster E were isolated after 2001 in Nagasaki prefecture.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 09/2007; 69(8):813-8. · 0.85 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance genes of 135 strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolated from poultry in Kagoshima were examined. One strain (0.7%) was resistant to ampicillin (A), 97% to streptomycin (S), 95.6% to sulphamethoxazole (Su), 96.3% to oxytetracycline (T), 11.1% to kanamycin (Km) and 36.3% to ofloxacin (O). Multiresistant phenotypes identified were ASSuT-Km, SSuT-Km, SSuT-O and SSuT. Class 1 integrons were detected in 94.8% of isolates. Approximately 89% of oxytetracycline-resistant strains carried the tetA gene and all of the 131 streptomycin-resistant isolates carried the aadA1a gene. Forty-percent of kanamycin-resistant isolates carried the aphA1-Iab gene. All isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Recognition of TEM-type beta-lactamase in a S. Infantis strain from chickens is a recent rare finding in Japan.
International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 11/2006; 28(4):302-7. · 4.13 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Six clones of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype 1 were produced. All Mabs reacted positively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three Mabs recognized the putative 100-kD hexon protein and reacted to serotype 1 specifically by western blot analysis but did not react to other FAV serotypes (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8a). These Mabs will be useful for immunodiagnosis of FAV serotype 1 infection in chickens with gizzard erosion and in further research studies involving the genomes and proteins of FAV serotype 1.
Avian Diseases 10/2006; 50(3):331-5. · 1.46 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus (FAV), JM1/1 strain of serotype 1 derived from gizzard erosions of a broiler chicken, was examined to specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens pre-treated with infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) or cyclophosphamide (CY). Virulent IBDVs, classical type, were inoculated orally at 3 days of age of SPF chickens. CY was treated subcutaneously for 3 days after hatch. FAV was given orally at 30 days of age. At 40 days of age, all chickens were bled and autopsied for serology and gross observation. Gizzard lesions were ranked by the scores depending on their severities. IBDV- or CY-treated chickens showed significantly higher gizzard lesion scores than non treated birds. There were no gross lesions in any other organs except for bursal atrophy. Serologically, antibody production against FAV was highly suppressed by IBDV infection or CY treatment.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 04/2006; 68(3):289-91. · 0.85 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Using the rapid glass plate method, the Newcastle disease virus strain MET95 showed much weaker haemagglutination (HA) activity for chicken erythrocytes than 69 other Newcastle disease viruses, including 56 field strains isolated from chickens reared in Japan between 1988 and 2001. Using erythrocytes from other avian species, only the MET95 strain failed to show HA activity for erythrocytes from ducks, geese or pigeons. The haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of the MET95 strain was shown to have unique substitutions of isoleucine for thereonine and leucine at amino acide residues 216 and 552. It is suggested that these two substitutions might relate to the unique HA activity of the MET95 strain. This HA activity may be a useful marker for this strain.
Avian Pathology 03/2003; 32(1):39-45. · 1.71 Impact Factor
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The complete genomic sequence of canine calicivirus (CaCV) isolated from feces of a dog with diarrhea was determined. The CaCV genome, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA, contained 8513 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and was longer than that of any other calicivirus strain with a completely known sequence. There were three open reading frames (ORF1, nt 12-5801; ORF2, nt 5805-7880; and ORF3, nt 7877-8278). ORF1 encoded a polyprotein (calculated Mr of 214,802) which had the conserved motifs of non-structural proteins of other caliciviruses and picornaviruses. Regions containing characteristic motifs in the non-structural polyprotein of CaCV showed highest similarity with those of the species Feline calicivirus and Vesicular exanthema of swine virus in the genus Vesivirus. Phylogenic analysis indicated that CaCV formed a distinct branch within the genus. Our results strongly suggested that CaCV is a new species in the genus Vesivirus.
Virus Genes 02/2002; 25(1):67-73. · 1.85 Impact Factor
-
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Fecal samples were collected from housed penguins reared in zoo-A and aquarium-B, -C in 2002-2004, for isolation of Salmonella spp. As a result, Salmonella Senftenberg (O:1,3,19, H:g,s,t:-) was isolated from 8/16 (50%) samples of 1 collection from zoo-A. Salmonella sp.(sero-type unknown) was isolated from 1/15(6.7%) samples of 3^ collection from aquarium-C. All isolates of S. Senftenberg were resistant to chloramphenicol. By PCR, invA gene was detected from all isolates.
-
-
-
貴美子 山田,
公三 高瀬,
智士 田原口,
憲一 山崎,
秀幸 太田,
和代 平良,
行一 高江,
キミコ ヤマダ,
コウゾウ タカセ,
サトシ タハラグチ, [......],
ヒデユキ オオタ,
カズヨ タイラ,
ユキカズ タカエ,
Kimiko YAMADA, Kozo Takase,
Satoshi Taharaguchi,
Kenichi Yamazaki,
Hideyuki Ohta,
Kazuyo TAIRA,
Yukikazu TAKAE
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: 鹿児島県内の食鳥処理場において,鶏アデノウイルス(FAV)感染の疑われる筋胃びらんが見い出された。筋胃びらん材料の31例から鶏胚肝細胞を用いてウイルス分離を試みたところ,円形の細胞変性効果(CPE)を示すウイルスが16例から分離された。ウイルスは全て,間接蛍光抗体法および電子顕微鏡観察によりFAVと同定された。ウイルス希釈法による中和試験で血清型別を行ったところ,13株は血清型1と同定されたが,やや異なるCPEを示した残り3株は血清型8に分類された。血清型1の分離株(JM1/1)は21日齢のSPF鶏に経口投与すると筋胃病変が再現されたが,血清型8の分離株(B13-1)では再現されなかった。
-
豊 小西,
公三 高瀬,
憲一 山崎,
和代 平良,
行一 高江,
ユタカ コニシ,
コウゾウ タカセ,
ケンイチ ヤマザキ,
カズヨ タイラ,
ユキカズ タカエ,
Yutaka KONISHI, Kozo Takase,
Kenichi Yamazaki,
Kazuyo TAIRA,
Yukikazu TAKAE
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: あるブロイラー農場の雛を対象に,導入時から出荷時まで毎週,ファブリキウス嚢 (F嚢) 萎縮の実態を調査した。F嚢は3週齢までは隔離したブロイラーと同じように発達し大きくなったが,4週齢以降急速に萎縮した。これらの F 嚢を間接蛍光抗体法で観察したところ,4週齢において伝染性ファブリキウス嚢病ウイルス (IBDV) 抗原が検出され,F 嚢萎縮の要因の一つに IBDV が考えられた。病理組織学的検査においても,4週齢雛の F 嚢には IBDV 感染によると思われるリンパ球の変性・壊死病変がみられ,それ以降の日齢では結合組織の増生が観察された。次に,IBDV に対する高度免疫血清を静脈内に注入し作製された受動免疫おとり鶏を農場に搬入し,ブロイラーと共に飼育することで,IBDV 以外の F 嚢萎縮要因の捕捉を試みた。この受動免疫雛の一部に F 嚢萎縮を認めたが,その萎縮した F 嚢を SPF 鶏に経口投与しても F 嚢萎縮は再現されなかった。
-
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: ブロイラー農場から分離された伝染性ファブリキウス嚢病ウイルス ( IBDV)のTY2株を抗原に免疫おとり鶏 ( TY2.Vac.群)を作出し,市販 IBDVワクチン免疫おとり鶏 ( N.Vac.群)および無処置 SPFおとり鶏 (SPF群)と共に農場に導入,ブロイラー雛 ( Broiler群)と５週間同居させることで, F嚢萎縮要因の検索を行った｡毎週各群から抽出された６羽について,採血,剖検,組織病変観察,抗原検索および抗体検査を実施した｡ TY2.Vac群ではF嚢の萎縮および組織病変は最も軽度で,また間接蛍光抗体法でも IBDVの抗原を確認できなかった｡しかしながら,導入４週後において, F嚢体重比の若干の減少およびIBDV中和抗体価の上昇がわずかながら認められた｡ N.Vac群にはより強いF嚢萎縮と組織病変が見られ,また IBDV抗原も確認されたことから,市販のワクチンでは防御しきれない IBDVの感染がF嚢萎縮に関与している可能性が示唆された｡
