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ABSTRACT: To describe energy and nutrient intake in adults.
The 2006 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey is a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey. A food frequency questionnaire was administered (n= 16 494 adults). Mean percent of adequacy (PA) and inadequacy (PA < 50%) of total energy and macro- and micro-nutrient intake was calculated for all subjects and by sociodemographic characteristics.
Significant differences in PA and inadequate macro- and micro-nutrient intakes were found among sex, region, rural/urban area, and socioeconomic status tertile. PA < 50% was higher than 20% for vitamin A (26.2%), fat (24.8%), fiber (23.6%), folic acid (23.5%), vitamin C (21.3%) and calcium (21%). Obese subjects reported a lower energy intake than normal weight subjects.
A significant proportion of the population was at risk of excessive carbohydrate and fat intake. Across the country there are significant sociodemographic differences in macro- and micro-nutrient intake and a myriad of micro-nutrient inadequacies continue to persist in Mexico.
Salud publica de Mexico 01/2009; 51 Suppl 4:S562-73. · 0.94 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Little is understood about the patterns and trends in adolescent and adult beverage intake in Mexico or most other countries. Here, we used nationally representative dietary intake, income, and food expenditure surveys, which included 416 adolescents (aged 12-18 y) and 2180 adults (aged >or=19 y) from the 1999 Mexican Nutrition Survey and 7464 adolescents and 21,113 adults from the 2006 Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey. We measured the volume and energy per day contributed by all beverages consumed by the sample subjects. In 2006, Mexican adolescents and adults obtained 20.1 and 22.3%, respectively, of their energy intake from energy-containing beverages. Whole milk, carbonated and noncarbonated sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit juice with various sugar and water combinations added, and alcohol represented the 4 major categories of beverage intake. The trends from the dietary intake surveys showed very large increases in the intake of energy-containing beverages among adolescents and adults between 1999 and 2006. Income elasticities showed a high likelihood that intakes will increase as Mexican incomes continue to rise. Whereas the own-price elasticities for whole milk and sodas were both modest, intakes of these were increasing and higher than those for all other food groups. Energy intake trends and current levels of beverage intakes in Mexico are the highest recorded in a nationally representative survey and present major challenges for public health authorities.
Journal of Nutrition 01/2009; 138(12):2454-61. · 3.92 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To report the comparative results of the sub-sample of fasting adults selected for the biochemical measurement of cardiovascular risk factors and the rest of the Mexican Health Survey (MHS) (2000) participants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The nationally representative, cross-sectional Mexican Health Survey (2000) was analyzed. Survey participants reporting a fasting state period of 9- to 12-h were included in a sub-sample (n= 2 535) and compared with all other participants (n= 41 126). Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated for socio-demographic, anthropometric, health and personal background characteristics and compared between groups using Pearson chi2 to determine significant differences. Mean and 95%CI and a T-test were calculated to analyze continuous variables. RESULTS: From the 45 294 adults participating in the MHS, 5.59% were at fasting state. The fasting sub-sample (FS) had a higher male-to-female ratio and was on average 3.5 years younger than the non-fasting participants (NF) and had a 1.5cm wider average waist circumference. No differences were found in location, country region, socio-economic status, indigenous population, or literacy. Also, no differences were found in weight, height, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, previous medical diagnosis of dislypidemias, or tobacco or alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION: This paper documents the characteristics of the fasting sub-sample from the Mexican Health Survey (MHS). Overall, the non-fasting participants had no relevant differences that can contribute to generate biased results in the analysis of biochemical indicators of cardiovascular risk.
Salud publica de Mexico 01/2007; 49:s421-s426. · 0.94 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Objetivo. Reportar los resultados comparativos de la sub-muestra de adultos en ayuno, seleccionados para la medición bioquímica de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y el resto de los participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENSA) 2000. Material y métodos. Se analizó la ENSA, una encuesta transversal y representativa a nivel nacional. Los participantes que reportaron un período de ayuno de 9- a 12-h se incluyeron en la submuestra (n= 2,535) y se compararon con el resto de los participantes (n= 41,126). Se calculó la prevalencia e intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%) para las características sociodemográficas, antropométricas, de salud y antecedentes personales, y se compararon entre los grupos utilizando ?2 de Pearson para determinar diferencias significativas. Asimismo, se calcularon medianas con su IC95% y prueba de T para analizar las variables continuas. Resultados. De los 45 294 adultos que participaron en la ENSA, 5.59% estuvieron en ayuno. La submuestra de ayuno (SA) tuvo una razón hombre-mujer más alta y fue en promedio 3.5 años más joven que el resto de los participantes (NA). Asimismo, tuvieron una cintura promedio 1.5cm más grande. No se encontraron diferencias en localidad, región, nivel socioeconómico, población indígena o educación. Tampoco se encontraron diferencias en peso, talla, IMC, presión sistólica ni diastólica, prevalencia de diabetes mellitus, diagnóstico previo de dislipidemias, y consumo de tabaco y alcohol. Conclusión. Esta comunicación documenta las características de la muestra de ayuno de la ENSA. En general, los participantes en ayuno no tuvieron diferencias relevantes que puedan contribuir a generar resultados sesgados en el análisis de indicadores bioquímicos de riesgo cardiovascular.
Salud pública de México, ISSN 0036-3634, Vol. 49, Nº. 3, 2007, pags. 421-426.
