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ABSTRACT: Early-life exposure to appropriate microbial flora drives expansion and development of an efficient immune system. Aberrant development results in increased likelihood of allergic disease or increased susceptibility to infection. Thus, factors affecting microbial colonization may also affect the direction of immune responses in later life. There is a need for a manipulable animal model of environmental influences on the development of microbiota and the immune system during early life. We assessed the effects of rearing under low- (farm, sow) and high-hygiene (isolator, milk formula) conditions on intestinal microbiota and immune development in neonatal piglets, because they can be removed from the mother in the first 24 h for rearing under controlled conditions and, due to placental structure, neither antibody nor antigen is transferred in utero. Microbiota in both groups was similar between 2 and 5 days. However, by 12-28 days, piglets reared on the mother had more diverse flora than siblings reared in isolators. Dendritic cells accumulated in the intestinal mucosa in both groups, but more rapidly in isolator piglets. Importantly, the minority of 2-5-day-old farm piglets whose microbiota resembled that of an older (12-28-day-old) pig also accumulated dendritic cells earlier than the other farm-reared piglets. Consistent with dendritic cell control of T cell function, the effects on T cells occurred at later time-points, and mucosal T cells from high-hygiene, isolator pigs made less interleukin (IL)-4 while systemic T cells made more IL-2. Neonatal piglets may be a valuable model for studies of the effects of interaction between microbiota and immune development on allergy.
Clinical & Experimental Immunology 02/2010; 160(3):431-9. · 3.36 Impact Factor
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L. P. van Minnen,
H. M. Timmerman,
F. Lutgendorff,
A. Verheem,
W. Harmsen, S. R. Konstantinov,
H. Smidt,
M. R. Visser,
G. T. Rijkers,
H. G. Gooszen,
L. M. A. Akkermans
Pancreas 10/2006; 33(4):504. · 2.39 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To characterize ileal microbial flora in weaning piglets a slaughter trial was conducted. 224 German Landrace piglets of both genders were allocated to four different feeding regimes (with or without avilamycin, 3 resp. 8 % crude fibre content). At predefined times pre- and postweaning piglets were sacrificed, the whole intestinal tract was removed and its content collected separately for each section. The microbial community was examined applying classical plate counting (selective agar plates) and molecular techniques (DGGE, 16SrDNA-sequencing). Furthermore a range of microbial metabolites was determined. Changes in ileal microflora ¿ rather due to age than to diet - were observed pre- and postweaning.
Archiv fuer Tierzucht 46 (2003).
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Anaerobe 9 (2003) 4.
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Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70 (2004) 7.
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Reproduction nutrition development 42 (2002). - ISSN 0926-5287.
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L.P. van Minnen,
H. Timmerman,
F. Lutgendorff,
A. Verheem,
W. Harmsen, S.R. Konstantinov,
H. Smidt,
M R Visser,
G.T. Rijkers,
H G Gooszen,
L.M.A. Akkermans
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Minnen,
L.P,
H.M. Timmerman,
F. Lutgendorff,
A. Verheem,
W. Harmsen, S.R. Konstantinov,
H. Smidt,
M R Visser,
G.T. Rijkers,
H G Gooszen,
L.M.A. Akkermans
Pancreas 33 (2006) 4.
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Handbook of Clostridia.
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Nutrition and Immunity.
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H.M. Timmerman,
Minnen,
L.P,
Jager, S.R. Konstantinov,
F. Lutgendorff,
A. Verheem,
W. Harmsen,
M R Visser,
H. Smidt,
H G Gooszen,
L M Akkermans,
G.T. Rijkers
Gastroenterology 130 (2006).
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Minnen,
L.P,
H.M. Timmerman,
F. Lutgendorff,
A. Verheem,
W. Harmsen, S.R. Konstantinov,
H. Smidt,
M R Visser,
G.T. Rijkers,
H G Gooszen,
L M Akkermans
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In: ISME-9 Interactions in the Microbial World, Amsterdam, 2001. - [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. - Poster P.18.024, 2001.
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Minnen,
L.P,
H.M. Timmerman,
F. Lutgendorff,
A. Verheem,
W. Harmsen, S.R. Konstantinov,
H. Smidt,
M R Visser,
G.T. Rijkers,
H G Gooszen,
L M Akkermans
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ABSTRACT: Infection of pancreatic necrosis by gut bacteria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Use of prophylactic antibiotics remains controversial. The aim of this experiment was assess if modification of intestinal flora with specifically designed multispecies probiotics reduces bacterial translocation or improves outcome in a rat model of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 3 groups: (1) controls (sham-operated, no treatment), (2) pancreatitis and placebo, and (3) pancreatitis and probiotics. Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraductal glycodeoxycholate and intravenous cerulein infusion. Daily probiotics or placebo was administered intragastrically from 5 days prior until 7 days after induction of pancreatitis. Tissue and fluid samples were collected for microbiologic and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of bacterial translocation. RESULTS: Probiotics reduced duodenal bacterial overgrowth of potential pathogens (Log(10) colony-forming units [CFU]/g 5.0 +/- 0.7 [placebo] vs 3.5 +/- 0.3 CFU/g [probiotics], P < .05), resulting in reduced bacterial translocation to extraintestinal sites, including the pancreas (5.38 +/- 1.0 CFU/g [placebo] vs 3.1 +/- 0.5 CFU/g [probiotics], P < .05). Accordingly, health scores were better and late phase mortality was reduced: 27% (4/15, placebo) versus 0% (0/13, probiotics), respectively, P < .05. CONCLUSIONS: This experiment supports the hypothesis that modification of intestinal flora with multispecies probiotics results in reduced bacterial translocation, morbidity, and mortality in the course of experimental acute pancreatitis.
Surgery 141 (2007) 4.
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ABSTRACT: Recently, it has become apparent that GIT fermentation is not only of interest for ruminant animals, but also for monogastrics. While it is now widely accepted that the fermentation process and its resultant end-products can have important influences on animal health, little is known about the microbiological and immunological processes involved. In terms of animal health, most interest at the moment is focussed on those moments in animals' lives when they are faced with sudden changes resulting in stress. The period of weaning in piglets is a typical example of this. The most easily accomplished and appropriate way to influence GIT fermentation processes is that of dietary intervention. This is reflected by the widespread interest in so-called pre- and pro-biotics. Given the complexities of the interactions occurring in the animal itself, it is hardly surprising that in vitro techniques are being widely used: firstly to examine potential substrates for their fermentability and possible inclusion in diets, and secondly, to assess changes in the microbial populations in response to these substrates. This paper will review the techniques currently in use for these two aspects of monogastric fermentation, and provide examples of their use.
Animal Research 54 (2005) 3.
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ABSTRACT: Not nocuous bacteria are important for the maturation and the modulating activity of the gut immune system. However, the humoral immune response against commensal and probiotic bacteria is less documented, particularly in farmhouse animals. Blood serum and saliva were collected in two trials where probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LbR), well-defined human isolate (Trial A), and a novel and abundant porcine commensal, Lactobacillus sobrius strain 001T (LbS) (Trial B), were supplemented to weaning pigs. Anti-LbR IgA were present in serum of pigs before treatment with LbR, but also after 1 or 2 weeks in control pigs, notwithstanding the absence of DNA from LbR in colon. Pigs fed or not LbS for 1 or 2 weeks had LbS-specific IgA, in saliva and in serum. Colon contents of control subjects were positive for DNA from LbS. We hypothesized that part of this IgA strain-specific activity is partially related to immune cross-reactivity between different Lactobacillus-species. With the procedure of Shu et al. [Shu, Q., Bird, S.H., Gill, H.S., Rowe, J.B., 1999. Immunological cross-reactivity between the vaccine and other isolates of Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 26, 153¿158], after ELISA test on blood serum or saliva pre-incubated with LbR or LbS, each strain blocked a relevant part of IgA specific for the other. So bacteria with different affinity for the pig present reciprocal crossed immune activity. When probiotics are supplied to weaning pigs, the possible action of already present multi-effective IgA should be considered. The mechanism of IgA induction by certain probiotics needs to be addressed in further studies.
Livestock Science 108 (2007) 1-3.
