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ABSTRACT: Bluetongue virus serotype-1 (BTV-1) was isolated from Culicoides oxystoma vectors captured on livestock farms in two places of Gujarat, India. The viruses were isolated on BHK-21 cells, which produced characteristic BTV-related cytopathic effects between 24 and 48 h post-infection. Virus antigen was demonstrated in infected cells at different passage by a BTV-specific sandwich ELISA. Further, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining of viral genomic RNA revealed ten double-stranded RNA segments characteristic of BTV. Serotype of the isolates was identified by virus neutralization and PCR coupled with sequencing. The isolates were designated as SKN-7 and SKN-8 and their genome segment-2 (VP2) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses revealed very close relationship between them although they are not identical. SKN-8 showed closer relationship with a recently isolated BTV-1 from goat. Bluetongue virus was earlier isolated from Culicoides in adjacent state more than 20 years ago, although the serotype of the virus was not determined.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 12/2011; 59(4):361-8. · 1.81 Impact Factor
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V Bhanuprakash,
G Venkatesan,
V Balamurugan,
M Hosamani,
R Yogisharadhya,
P Gandhale,
K V Reddy,
A S Damle,
H N Kher,
B S Chandel, H C Chauhan,
R K Singh
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ABSTRACT: Four outbreaks of buffalopox in domestic buffaloes, with considerable mortality with high case fatality rates in young buffalo calves and high morbidity with significant productivity loss in terms of reduction in milk yield in adult animals along with severe zoonotic infection in milk attendants were recorded at various places in India, during 2006-2008. In buffaloes, the pox lesions were confined to udder and teats of the majority of the affected animals, and in few animals the lesions were appeared on the hindquarters, indicating generalized infection. The overall disease morbidity, mortality and case fatality rate were 6.8%, 0.7% and 11.4% respectively. Milkers developed pox-like lesions on the hands, forearms and forehead accompanied by fever, axillary lymphadenopathy and general malaise. The causative agent of the outbreaks, buffalopox virus (BPXV), was confirmed upon virus isolation in cell culture, electron microscopy, A-type inclusion (ATI) and ankyrin repeat protein (C18L) gene-specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Further, sequence analysis of the BPXV isolates from human and buffalo showed more identity of ATI and C18L genes sequences with that of other orthopoxviruses at nucleotide and amino acid levels and confirmed a close relationship of BPXV with Vaccinia virus (VACV) or VACV-like viruses. Considering the zoonotic impact and productivity losses of buffalopox infection, the control measures are imperative in curtailing economic and public health impact of the disease.
Zoonoses and Public Health 12/2010; 57(7-8):e149-55. · 1.89 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The performance of the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of serum antibody against bluetongue virus (BTV) in clinically healthy and diseased camels in Gujarat state were compared. Out of 176 sera tested, 22 (12.5%) and 34 (19.3%) were positive for group-specific bluetongue antibodies by AGID and cELISA, respectively. Maximum seropositivities of 18.0% by AGID and 25.8% by cELISA were recorded in the Kutchhi breed, and of 6.9% and 12.6%, respectively, in the Marwari breed. The seroprevalence detected by AGID and cELISA in clinically healthy and diseased camels did not differ significantly with regard to bluetongue disease in these breeds.
Tropical Animal Health and Production 05/2003; 35(2):99-104. · 1.12 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The performance of the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of serum antibody against bluetongue virus (BTV) in clinically healthy and diseased camels in Gujarat state were compared. Out of 176 sera tested, 22 (12.5%) and 34 (19.3%) were positive for group-specific bluetongue antibodies by AGID and cELISA, respectively. Maximum seropositivities of 18.0% by AGID and 25.8% by cELISA were recorded in the Kutchhi breed, and of 6.9% and 12.6%, respectively, in the Marwari breed. The seroprevalence detected by AGID and cELISA in clinically healthy and diseased camels did not differ significantly with regard to bluetongue disease in these breeds.
Tropical Animal Health and Production 01/2003; 35(2):99-104. · 1.12 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: For centuries morbillivirus infections have had a huge impact on both human beings and animals. Morbilliviruses are highly contagious pathogens that cause some of the most devastating viral diseases of humans and animals world wide. They include measles virus (MV), canine distemper virus (CDV), rinderpest virus (RPV) and peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) virus. Furthermore, new emerging infectious diseases of morbilliviruses with significant ecological consequences of marine mammals have been discovered in the past decades. Phocid distemper virus (PDV) in seals and the cetacean morbillivirus (CMV) have been found in dolphins, whales and porpoises. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious ,infectious , an acute or sub acute viral disease of domestic and wild small ruminants characterized by fever, oculonasal discharges, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia. Goats are more severely affected than sheep. It is also known as pseudorinderpest of small ruminants, pest of small ruminants, pest of sheep and goats, kata, stomatitis- pneumoentritis syndrome, contagious pustular stomatitis and pneumoentritis complex. It is one of the major notifiable diseases of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
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ABSTRACT: During the present study RT-PCR and nested PCR was evaluated for the detection of BTV in blood samples collected from suspected cases of bluetongue. Due to conserved nature, NS1 gene was targeted for the development of partial length and nested PCR assay. The partial length RT-PCR and nested PCR assays yielded a specific PCR product of expected 274 bp and 101 bp sizes, respectively. In, the present study out of 68 blood samples processed for BTV detection, 2 samples were found positive for BTV genome by RT-PCR as well as in nested PCR. The described BTV PCR based assay provides a valuable tool to study the epidemiology of BTV infection in susceptible domestic livestock.
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ABSTRACT: This research is based on the field trial hence; all the treatments were randomly carried out in the field animals without selection but recorded properly. A total of 495 animals suffering from clinical mastitis were used for the study. All the animals were categorized according to their clinical conditions of udder as oedematous but not fibrosed, fibrosed, bloody milk and watery milk. All the affected animals had either one or more than one quarters involved. All the animals were basically treated with higher antibiotics with little success, therefore 361 animals out of 495 were treated with Tetasule@ a homeopathic medicine along with higher antibiotics as routine and rest 134 animals were considered as control but treated only with antibiotics. Out of 361 treated cases of clinical mastitis 345 (95.56%) cases recovered completely. All the animals in this treated group provided more than 90 % recovery rate. Maximum recovery was recorded in the cases having watery milk and mostly one or two quarters were affected followed by oedematous and non fibrosed, bloody milk and lastly fibrosed, where as in control group except oedematous significantly lower than (50%) recovery rates were observed.
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ABSTRACT: Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is considered to be the most common viral pathogen found in bovine semen. BHV-1 is associated with several clinical conditions including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, conjunctivitis and generalized disease in newborn calves causing great economic loss to the livestock industry. The present study was undertaken to detect the presence of viral antigen by direct immunofluorescence in semen of breeding bulls of five different semen collection centres of Gujarat. A total of 101 semen samples from cattle and buffalo breeding bulls were tested for BHV-1 antigen using a direct immunofluorescence kit made available by VMRD, Inc. Pullman, USA., and green fluorescence was observed in 33 (32.67%) samples. Out of 49 cattle bulls and 52 buffalo bulls, 16 and 17 bulls, respectively, were found to be positive. This shows an equal distribution of BHV-1 antigen in both the species. Finally, the study revealed presence of BHV-1 in the semen of breeding bulls of Gujarat. Thus, under the Sexual Health Control Programme, proper measures must be taken at the State level for controlling BHV-1 infection. All breeding bulls must be tested periodically for detection of both BHV-1 antibody in serum and the presence of BHV-1 in semen. The bulls must be free from BHV-1 infection prior to use.
