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A Singer,
F Sorgenfrei, A P Mancuso,
N Gerasimova,
O M Yefanov,
J Gulden,
T Gorniak,
T Senkbeil,
A Sakdinawat,
Y Liu,
D Attwood,
S Dziarzhytski,
D D Mai,
R Treusch,
E Weckert,
T Salditt,
A Rosenhahn,
W Wurth,
I A Vartanyants
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The experimental characterization of the spatial and temporal coherence properties of the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) at a wavelength of 8.0 nm is presented. Double pinhole diffraction patterns of single femtosecond pulses focused to a size of about 10×10 μm<sup>2</sup> were measured. A transverse coherence length of 6.2 ± 0.9 μm in the horizontal and 8.7 ± 1.0 μm in the vertical direction was determined from the most coherent pulses. Using a split and delay unit the coherence time of the pulses produced in the same operation conditions of FLASH was measured to be 1.75 ± 0.01 fs. From our experiment we estimated the degeneracy parameter of the FLASH beam to be on the order of 10<sup>10</sup> to 10<sup>11</sup>, which exceeds the values of this parameter at any other source in the same energy range by many orders of magnitude.
Optics Express 07/2012; 20(16):17480-95. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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R. Dronyak,
J. Gulden,
O. M. Yefanov,
A. Singer,
T. Gorniak,
T. Senkbeil,
J. -M. Meijer,
A. Al-Shemmary,
J. Hallmann,
D. D. Mai, [......],
U. Lorenz,
A. V. Petukhov,
S. Duesterer,
R. Treusch,
M. N. Strikhanov,
E. Weckert, A. P. Mancuso,
T. Salditt,
A. Rosenhahn,
I. A. Vartanyants
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present a time-resolved infrared (IR) pump and extreme-ultraviolet (XUV)
probe diffraction experiment to investigate ultrafast structural dynamics in
colloidal crystals with picosecond resolution. The experiment was performed at
the FLASH facility at DESY with a fundamental wavelength of 8 nm. In our
experiment, the temporal changes of Bragg peaks were analyzed and their
frequency components were calculated using Fourier analysis. Periodic
modulations in the colloidal crystal were localized at a frequency of about 4-5
GHz. Based on the Lamb theory, theoretical calculations of vibrations of the
isotropic elastic polystyrene spheres of 400 nm in size reveal a 5.07 GHz
eigenfrequency of the ground (breathing) mode.
06/2012;
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W F Schlotter,
J J Turner,
M Rowen,
P Heimann,
M Holmes,
O Krupin,
M Messerschmidt,
S Moeller,
J Krzywinski,
R Soufli, [......],
B Abbey,
K A Nugent,
H Sinn,
J Lüning,
S Schaffert,
S Eisebitt,
W-S Lee,
A Scherz,
A R Nilsson,
W Wurth
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The soft x-ray materials science instrument is the second operational beamline at the linac coherent light source x-ray free electron laser. The instrument operates with a photon energy range of 480-2000 eV and features a grating monochromator as well as bendable refocusing mirrors. A broad range of experimental stations may be installed to study diverse scientific topics such as: ultrafast chemistry, surface science, highly correlated electron systems, matter under extreme conditions, and laboratory astrophysics. Preliminary commissioning results are presented including the first soft x-ray single-shot energy spectrum from a free electron laser.
The Review of scientific instruments 04/2012; 83(4):043107. · 1.52 Impact Factor
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J Gulden,
O M Yefanov, A P Mancuso,
R Dronyak,
A Singer,
V Bernátová,
A Burkhardt,
O Polozhentsev,
A Soldatov,
M Sprung,
I A Vartanyants
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A coherent x-ray diffraction experiment was performed on an isolated colloidal crystal grain at the coherence beamline P10 at PETRA III. Using azimuthal rotation scans the three-dimensional (3D) scattered intensity from the sample in the far-field was measured. It includes several Bragg peaks as well as the coherent interference around these peaks. The analysis of the scattered intensity reveals the presence of plane defects in a single grain of the colloidal sample. We confirm these findings by model simulations. In these simulations we also analyze the experimental conditions required to phase the 3D diffraction pattern from a single colloidal grain. This approach has the potential to produce a high resolution image of the sample revealing its inner structure, with possible structural defects.
Optics Express 02/2012; 20(4):4039-49. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Coherent X-ray nanodiffraction was applied to investigate single GaAs nanowires. Using the nanofocus hard X-ray setup at ID13 of the ESRF, the diffraction signal from isolated nanowires was measured. The diffraction patterns were recorded for different rotations of the sample. These diffraction patterns were then combined to yield three-dimensional information around a Wurzite [101] Bragg peak.
Physica Status Solidi (A) Applications and Materials 10/2011; 208(11):2495 - 2498. · 1.46 Impact Factor
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I A Vartanyants,
A Singer, A P Mancuso,
O M Yefanov,
A Sakdinawat,
Y Liu,
E Bang,
G J Williams,
G Cadenazzi,
B Abbey, [......],
V Joshi,
J Krzywinski,
R Soufli,
M Fernandez-Perea,
S Hau-Riege,
A G Peele,
Y Feng,
O Krupin,
S Moeller,
W Wurth
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Measurements of the spatial and temporal coherence of single, femtosecond x-ray pulses generated by the first hard x-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source, are presented. Single-shot measurements were performed at 780 eV x-ray photon energy using apertures containing double pinholes in "diffract-and-destroy" mode. We determined a coherence length of 17 μm in the vertical direction, which is approximately the size of the focused Linac Coherent Light Source beam in the same direction. The analysis of the diffraction patterns produced by the pinholes with the largest separation yields an estimate of the temporal coherence time of 0.55 fs. We find that the total degree of transverse coherence is 56% and that the x-ray pulses are adequately described by two transverse coherent modes in each direction. This leads us to the conclusion that 78% of the total power is contained in the dominant mode.
Physical Review Letters 09/2011; 107(14):144801. · 7.37 Impact Factor
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T Gorniak,
R Heine, A P Mancuso,
F Staier,
C Christophis,
M E Pettitt,
A Sakdinawat,
R Treusch,
N Guerassimova,
J Feldhaus,
C Gutt,
G Grübel,
S Eisebitt,
A Beyer,
A Gölzhäuser,
E Weckert,
M Grunze,
I A Vartanyants,
A Rosenhahn
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The imaging of hydrated biological samples - especially in the energy window of 284-540 eV, where water does not obscure the signal of soft organic matter and biologically relevant elements - is of tremendous interest for life sciences. Free-electron lasers can provide highly intense and coherent pulses, which allow single pulse imaging to overcome resolution limits set by radiation damage. One current challenge is to match both the desired energy and the intensity of the light source. We present the first images of dehydrated biological material acquired with 3rd harmonic radiation from FLASH by digital in-line zone plate holography as one step towards the vision of imaging hydrated biological material with photons in the water window. We also demonstrate the first application of ultrathin molecular sheets as suitable substrates for future free-electron laser experiments with biological samples in the form of a rat fibroblast cell and marine biofouling bacteria Cobetia marina.
Optics Express 06/2011; 19(12):11059-70. · 3.59 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) is a new imaging technique that offers the potential to image non-crystalline materials to sub-nanometer resolutions. Here we review the progress in CXDI of biological samples at both synchrotron and free electron laser (FEL) sources. We outline the experimental design of a CXDI experiment and summarize the iterative phase retrieval techniques that are used to produce images from the measured diffraction patterns. We describe a selection of key experiments performed in bio-imaging with CXDI from synchrotron sources, and we discuss the proof-of-principle experiments performed at FLASH at DESY in Hamburg. Finally, we show through simulation that for realistic parameters of hard X-ray FELs a resolution of a few nanometers may be achieved for individual biological objects imaged with single pulses of FEL radiation. Furthermore, we revise how this resolution may be improved to the sub-nanometer range if we image multiple copies of samples with a reproducible structure.
Journal of biotechnology 02/2010; 149(4):229-37. · 2.88 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present an overview of recent experiments performed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH at DESY in Hamburg. Experiments were focused on coherence measurements and coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) of periodic and non-periodic biological samples. Young's double slit experiment was performed at FLASH to measure its coherence properties at a fundamental wavelength of 13.7 nm. Additionally, a uniformly redundant array (URA) was used to measure coherence properties of the 3 rd harmonic (2.7 nm) of an 8 nm fundamental wavelength at FLASH. Coherent imaging of a two-dimensional (2D) finite crystal structure using a single pulse train of FLASH radiation was demonstrated. We show that the structure is reconstructed to the detector limited resolution of 220 nm, given an adequate signal to noise ratio. We have also employed CXDI in a non-destructive regime to compare images of a biological sample using single, femtosecond pulses of FLASH radiation. We have verified that images reconstructed using CXDI are similar for statistically different FEL pulses. We have also demonstrated Fourier transform holography (FTH) of the same biological sample and present diffraction data measured at the third harmonic of FLASH, reaching into the water window.
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. 01/2010; 432530(87).
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A P Mancuso,
A Schropp,
B Reime,
L-M Stadler,
A Singer,
J Gulden,
S Streit-Nierobisch,
C Gutt,
G Grübel,
J Feldhaus, [......],
N Guerassimova,
K Honkavaara,
V Kocharyan,
R Treusch,
E Saldin,
S Schreiber,
E A Schneidmiller,
M V Yurkov,
E Weckert,
I A Vartanyants
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Coherent diffractive imaging for the reconstruction of a two-dimensional (2D) finite crystal structure with a single pulse train of free-electron laser radiation at 7.97 nm wavelength is demonstrated. This measurement shows an advance on traditional coherent imaging techniques by applying it to a periodic structure. It is also significant that this approach paves the way for the imaging of the class of specimens which readily form 2D, but not three-dimensional crystals. We show that the structure is reconstructed to the detected resolution, given an adequate signal-to-noise ratio.
Physical Review Letters 02/2009; 102(3):035502. · 7.37 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: It is well known that the loss of phase information at detection means that a diffraction pattern may be consistent with a multitude of physically different structures. This Letter shows that it is possible to perform unique structural determination in the absence of a priori information using x-ray fields with phase curvature. We argue that significant phase curvature is already available using modern x-ray optics and we demonstrate an algorithm that allows the phase to be recovered uniquely and reliably.
Physical Review Letters 12/2003; 91(20):203902. · 7.37 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) is a new imaging technique that offers the potential to image non-crystalline materials to sub-nanometer resolutions. Here we review the progress in CXDI of biological samples at both synchrotron and free electron laser (FEL) sources. We outline the experimental design of a CXDI experiment and summarize the iterative phase retrieval techniques that are used to produce images from the measured diffraction patterns. We describe a selection of key experiments performed in bio-imaging with CXDI from synchrotron sources, and we discuss the proof-of-principle experiments performed at FLASH at DESY in Hamburg. Finally, we show through simulation that for realistic parameters of hard X-ray FELs a resolution of a few nanometers may be achieved for individual biological objects imaged with single pulses of FEL radiation. Furthermore, we revise how this resolution may be improved to the sub-nanometer range if we image multiple copies of samples with a reproducible structure.
Journal of Biotechnology.
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J. Phys. Chem. B 43(2010),194016.
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A.P. Mancuso,
Th. Gorniak,
F. Staier,
O.M. Yefanov,
R. Barth,
C. Christophis,
B. Reime,
J. Gulden,
A Singer,
M.E. Pettit, [......],
C. Gutt,
G. Grübel,
N. Guerassimova,
R. Treusch,
J. Feldhaus,
S. Eisebitt,
E. Weckert,
M Grunze,
A. Rosenhahn,
I.A. Vartanyants
New J. Phys. 12(2010),035003.
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) was applied to reveal the structure of colloidal crystals. The colloidal sample was illuminated by a coherent x-ray beam through a 7 μm pinhole aperture. The resulting diffraction patterns contain several Bragg peaks and an additional interference structure between the peaks due to the coherent illumination of a finite part of the sample. The inversion of these diffraction patterns reveals the arrangement of colloidal particles in a face-centered cubic (fcc) lattice as well as defects in the form of stacking faults in the (111) planes.
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A. Schropp,
P. Boye,
J.M. Feldkamp,
R. Hoppe,
J. Patommel,
D. Samberg,
S. Stephan,
K Giewekemeyer,
R.N. Wilke,
T Salditt,
J. Gulden, A.P. Mancuso,
I.A. Vartanyants,
E. Weckert,
S Schöder,
M. Burghammer,
C.G. Schroer
Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(2010)9,091102.
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C. Gutt,
L.-M. Stadler,
S. Streit-Nierobisch, A.P. Mancuso,
A. Schropp,
B. Pfau,
C.M. Guenther,
R. Koennecke,
J. Gulden,
B. Reime, [......],
N. Guerassimova,
K. Honkavaara,
V. Kocharyan,
R. Treusch,
E. Saldin,
S Schreiber,
E.A. Schneidmiller,
M.V. Yurkov,
S. Eisebitt,
G. Gruebel
Phys. Rev. B 79(2009),212408.
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We discuss standard X-ray-imaging techniques. Phase-imaging methods and a new class of nano-focus and nano-resolution laboratory systems offer new opportunities in true laboratory-based X-ray microtomography with a host of possible applications that have mainly been demonstrated only at synchrotron sources. Notwithstanding these advances, the diffraction limit for X-ray-imaging methods is a long way off. We preview the link between high-resolution ‘standard’ imaging schemes and the new field of coherent diffractive imaging.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry.
