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J C Armitage,
P Benz,
Gerjan J Bobbink,
F C Erné,
P M Kooijman,
F K Loebinger,
A A Macbeth,
H E Montgomery,
P G Murphy,
J J M Poorthuis, A Rudge,
Johannes C Sens,
P Strolin,
D H Stork,
J Timmer
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J C Armitage,
P Benz,
Gerjan J Bobbink,
F C Erné,
P M Kooijman,
F K Loebinger,
A A Macbeth,
H E Montgomery,
P G Murphy,
J J M Poorthuis, A Rudge,
Johannes C Sens,
D H Stork,
J Timmer
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Data on coherent elastic and inelastic deuteron-proton scattering are presented. The measurements were made at the CERN ISR with a single arm spectrometer, at s=2800 GeV/sup 2/ and momentum transfer squared (-t) in the range 0.15 to 0.42 GeV/sup 2/. The data are compared with elastic and inelastic proton-proton scattering data taken with the same apparatus at the same s and t values. The t dependence of the elastic dp to dp differential cross section is compared with simple predictions based on Glauber theory. The differential cross sections for pp to pX and dp to dX are also compared for M/sub X//sup 2/ to 280 GeV/sup 2/, where M/sub X/ denotes the mass of system X recoiling against the measured proton and deuteron. (25 refs).
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J Singh,
Michael G Albrow,
D.P. Barber,
P Benz,
B Bosnjakovic,
C Y Chang,
A.B. Clegg,
F C Erné,
P M Kooijman,
F K Loebinger,
N A McCubbin,
P G Murphy, A Rudge,
Johannes C Sens,
A L Sessoms,
J Timmer
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D J A Cockerill,
Christian Wolfgang Fabjan,
Poul Kjaer Frandsen,
A Hallgren,
B Heck,
Hans Jürgen Hilke,
R W Hogue,
P Jeffreys,
H B Jensen,
T Killian, [......],
Guy F von Dardel,
S Henning,
G Jarlskog,
B Lörstad,
A Melin,
U Mjörnmark,
A Nilsson,
Michael G Albrow,
N A McCubbin,
W M Evans
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The central detector of the Axial Field Spectrometer (AFS) is a cylindrical drift chamber using a 'bicycle-wheel' geometry. Its design has been optimized for jet-like events with high track densities. This is accomplished through a high degree of azimuthal segmentation (4 degrees sectors) with up to 42 space points per track, using measurements of drift time and charge division. Particle identification in the nonrelativistic region is obtained by (dE/dx) sampling. The detector is operated in an inhomogeneous magnetic field at event rates of typically >5*10/sup 5/ collisions per second. Preliminary results will be presented on the detector performance achieved after the first months of operation at the ISR. (5 refs).
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J Kaplon,
E Chesi,
J A Clark,
W Dabrowski,
D Ferrere,
C Lacasta,
J Lozano,
S Roe, A Rudge,
R Szczygiel,
P Weilhammer,
A Zsenei
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present a new version of the 128-channel analogue front-end chip SCTA128VG for readout of silicon strip detectors. Following the early prototype developed in DMILL technology we have elaborated a design with the main goal of improving its robustness and radiation hardness. The improvements implemented in the new design are based on experience gained in DMILL technology while developing the binary readout chip for the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker. The architecture of the chip and critical design issues are discussed. The analogue performance of the chip before and after the gamma irradiation is presented. The performance of modules built of ATLAS baseline detectors read out by six SCTA chips is briefly demonstrated. The performance of a test system for wafer screening of the SCTA chips is presented including some preliminary results.
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A Abdesselam,
P P Allport,
R J Apsimon,
C Band,
A J Barr,
L Batchelor,
R Bates,
P Bell,
J Bernabeu,
J Bizzell, [......],
Y Unno,
G Viehhauser,
J H Vossebeld,
M R M Warren,
R L Wastie,
M Webel,
A R Weidberg,
P S Wells,
D J White,
J A Wilson
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M.G. Albrow,
D.P. Barber,
A. Bogaerts,
B. Bošnjaković,
J.R. Brooks,
A.B. Clegg,
F.C. Erné,
C.N.P. Gee,
A.D. Kanaris,
D.H. Locke,
F.K. Loebinger,
P.G. Murphy, A. Rudge,
J.C. Sens,
K. Terwilliger,
F. van der Veen
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Longitudinal-momentum spectra are presented for the production of K+ and π+ mesons at the CERN ISR at a transverse momentum of 0.8 GeV/c and a total c.m. energy of 44.6 GeV. Proton spectra for transverse momenta between 0.7 and 1.2 GeV/c are also given. The spectra cover a range of 0.2 to 1.0 in the Feynman variable x = 2pL/√s. The π+ spectrum agrees well with scaling when compared with accelerator data, while the K+ spectrum is consistently above the scaling prediction. The proton spectra have pronounced peaks at x = 1, minima near x = 0.9 and broad maxima at x = 0.6. The data are compared with triple-Regge and diffraction dissociation models.
Nuclear Physics B. 51:388-396.
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The Collaboration,
W Adam,
C Bauer,
E Berdermann,
P Bergonzo,
F Bogani,
E Borchi,
A Brambilla,
M Bruzzi,
C Colledani, [......],
R Tesarek,
G.B Thomson,
M Trawick,
W Trischuk,
E Vittone,
A.M Walsh,
R Wedenig,
P Weilhammer,
H Ziock,
M Zoeller
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Diamond radiation sensors produced by chemical vapour deposition are studied for the application as tracking detectors in high luminosity experiments. Sensors with a charge collection distance up to 250 μm have been manufactured. Their radiation hardness has been studied with pions, proton and neutrons up to fluences of cm−2,5×1015 p cm−2 and 1.35×1015 n cm−2, respectively. Diamond micro-strip detectors with 50 μm pitch have been exposed in a high-energy test beam in order to investigate their charge collection properties. The measured spatial resolution using a centre-of-gravity position finding algorithm corresponds to the digital resolution for this strip pitch. First results from a strip tracker with a 2×4 cm2 surface area are reported as well as the performance of a diamond tracker read out by radiation-hard electronics with 25 ns shaping time. Diamond pixel sensors have been prepared to match the geometries of the recently available read-out chip prototypes for ATLAS and CMS. Beam test results are shown from a diamond detector bump-bonded to an ATLAS prototype read-out. They demonstrate a 98% bump-bonding efficiency and a digital resolution in both dimensions.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 434(1):131-145. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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The Axial Field Spectrometer Collaboration,
T. Åkesson,
M.G. Albrow,
S. Almehed,
R. Batley,
O. Benary,
H. BØggild,
O. Botner,
H. Breuker,
H. Brody, [......], A. Rudge,
M. Sullivan,
G. Thorstenson,
E. Vella,
J. Williamson,
W.J. Willis,
M. Winik,
W. Witzeling,
C. Woody,
W.A. Zajc
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Bose-Einstein correlations between pions produced in the central region of rapidity in αα, pp and interactions have been studied at the ISR. The parameters r and τc -often interpreted as the radius and depth of the π-emitting region - are found to be independent of incident particle type but to depend on the mean charged multiplicity. In high multiplicity events, the pions appear to originate from a larger space-time region.
Physics Letters B. 129:269-272.
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the Collaboration,
W. Adam,
C. Bauer,
E. Berdermann,
P. Bergonzo,
F. Bogani,
E. Borchi,
A. Brambilla,
M. Bruzzi,
C. Colledani, [......],
R. Tesarek,
M. Trawick,
W. Trischuk,
E. Vittone,
A.M. Walsh,
R. Wedenig,
P. Weilhammer,
C. White,
H. Ziock,
M. Zoeller
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We present recent results on the use of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond microstrip detectors for charged particle tracking. A series of detectors was fabricated using 1 x 1 cm2 diamonds. Good signal-to-noise ratios were observed using both slow and fast readout electronics. For slow readout electronics, 2 μs shaping time, the most probable signal-to-noise ratio was 50 to 1. For fast readout electronics, 25 ns peaking time, the most probable signal-to-noise ratio was 7 to 1. Using the first 2 x 4 cm2 diamond from a production CVD reactor with slow readout electronics, the most probable signal-to-noise ratio was 23 to 1. The spatial resolution achieved for the detectors was consistent with the digital resolution expected from the detector pitch.
Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 78:329-334. · 0.88 Impact Factor
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Diamond Detectors Collaboration,
C. Bauer,
I. Baumann,
C. Colledani,
J. Conway,
P. Delpierre,
F. Djama,
A. Fallou,
K.K. Gan,
R.S. Gilmore, [......],
R. Stone,
R.J. Tapper,
R. Tesarek,
W. Trischuk,
R. Turchetta,
G.B. Thomson,
R. Wagner,
P. Weilhammer,
C. White,
M. Zoeller
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Diamond is a nearly ideal material for detecting ionizing radiation. Its promising radiation hardness, fast charge collection and extremely low leakage current allow a diamond detector to be used in high radiation, high temperature and aggressive chemical environments. We have built the first Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) diamond microstrip detectors for tests in high energy particle beams. These detectors consist of 50 μm wide strips on a 100 μm pitch; the back side consists of a single electrode plane to bias the diamond. The signal to noise ratio and position resolution measured in a high energy beam at CERN are presented.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 367:202-206. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We performed a proof of principle experiment which demonstrates the suitability of pixelized Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes (G-APD) for the detection of photoelectrons at energies in the 10 keV range. A pumped UHV set-up with CsI photocathode, illuminated by a UV flash lamp, is used to generate photoelectrons of defined energy. The results indicate that G-APDs can be considered as anodes in hybrid photodetectors with the potential of improved performance when compared to conventional photomultiplier tubes. The concept of a G-APD based HPD has advantages but also clear drawbacks. We discuss the particular case of the X-HPD where a G-APD based anode could lead to improved detection efficiency and timing as well as to a more cost-effective production process.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 621:171-176. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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W. Fallot-Burghardt,
C. Hawblitzel,
W. Hofmann,
K.T. Knöpfle,
M. Seeger,
R. Brenner,
E. Nygård, A. Rudge,
O. Toker,
P. Weilhammer,
K. Yoshioka
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have studied the radiation sensitivity of the Viking-2 VLSI circuit which has been designed for the readout of silicon strip detectors and manufactured at Mietec in 1.5 μm CMOS technology. Both biased and unbiased chips have been irradiated with a 137Cs γ source up to a total dose of 2 kGy (200 krad) after which all tested chips were still fully functional. We report the characteristic changes of device parameters with dose, including equivalent noise charge for different capacitive loads, and determine transistor threshold shifts and change of mobilities.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment 348:683-687. · 1.21 Impact Factor
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C. Bauer,
I. Baumann,
C. Colledani,
J. Conway,
P. Delpierre,
F. Djama,
W. Dulinski,
A. Fallou,
K.K. Gan,
R.S. Gilmore, [......],
R.J. Tapper,
R. Tesarek,
W. Trischuk,
R. Turchetta,
G.B. Thomson,
R. Wagner,
P. Weilhammer,
C. White,
H. Ziock,
M. Zoeller
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The inherent properties of diamond make it an ideal material for tracking detectors especially in the high rate, high radiation environments of future colliders such as the LHC. In order to survive in this environment, detectors must be radiation hard. We have constructed charged particle detectors using high quality CVD diamond and performed radiation hardness tests on them. The signal response of diamond detectors to ionizing particles is measured before and after irradiation. Diamond detectors have been exposed to 60Co photons at Argonne National Laboratory, 300 MeV/c pions at PSI, 500 MeV protons at TRIUMF and 5 MeV alpha particles at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The results show that CVD diamond is an extremely radiation hard material well suited for particle detector production.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.
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J.C.M. Armitage,
P. Benz,
G.J. Bobbink,
F.C. Erné,
P. Kooijman,
F.K. Loebinger,
A.A. Macbeth,
H.E. Montgomery,
P.G. Murphy,
J.J.M. Poorthuis, A. Rudge,
J.C. Sens,
D. Stork,
J. Timmer
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Data on coherent elastic and inelastic deuteron-proton scattering are presented. The measurements were made at the CERN ISR with a single arm spectrometer, at s = 2800 GeV2 and momentum transfer squared (−t) in the range 0.15 to 0.42 GeV2.The data are compared with elastic and inelastic diffractive proton-proton scattering data taken with the same apparatus at the same s and t values. The t dependence of the elastic dp → dp differential cross section is compared to simple predictions based on Glauber theory. The differential cross sections for pp → pX and dp → dX are also compared for MX2 → 280 GeV2, where MX denotes the mass of system X recoiling against the measured proton and deuteron.
Nuclear Physics B.
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D Husson,
C Bauer,
I Baumann,
C Colledani,
J Conway,
P Delpierre,
F Djama,
W Dulinski,
M Edwards,
A Fallou, [......],
V Speziall,
R Stone,
R.J Tapper,
R Tesarek,
W Trischuk,
R Turchetta,
G.B Thomson,
P Weilhammer,
H Ziock,
M Zoeller
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Diamond may make an excellent substrate for a tracking device in the near future, especially at colliders like LHC, where extreme running conditions are expected (high rates and high radiation levels). We report on neutron irradiation of several CVD-diamond samples at the ISIS facility (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), which provides a fast neutron spectrum similar to that expected in a high luminosity collider experiment like CMS. We measured beam-induced currents and charge collection of diamonds exposed to fluences in excess of 1015 n/cm2 (peaking at 1 MeV), which should be the maximum value of the ten years total fluence at the design LHC luminosity. Physical hypotheses for the interactions of neutrons on CVD-diamond are proposed.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A precise and compact silicon microstrip detector telescope designed to provide reference information for charged particle tracks has been constructed. First operation results are presented. A signal over noise ratio higher than 100 has been obtained, resulting in a spatial resolution of 1.4 μm per detector, for a readout pitch of 50 μm. At a position in the center of the telescope, a track extrapolation error of 0.7 μm can be obtained for reconstructed tracks.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.
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M.G. Albrow,
D.P. Barber,
P. Benz,
B. Bošnjaković,
J.R. Brooks,
C.Y. Chang,
A.B. Clegg,
F.C. Erné,
P. Kooijman,
F.K. Loebinger,
N.A. McCubbin,
P.G. Murphy, A. Rudge,
J.C. Sens,
A.L. Sessoms,
J. Singh,
J. Timmer
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In a search for stable massive particles of charge q ⩾ 1 at the CERN ISR (√s = 53 GeV) no new particle in the mass range q × 2.4 GeV < m ≲ 30 GeV has been found among 3.1 × 107 recorded secondaries. At x = 2pL/√s = 0.21 and pT = 0.21 GeV/c the deuteron to π+ ratio is (1.3±0.2) × 10−4 and the antideuteron to π− ratio is (7.6±2.3) × 10−6. for (anti)tritons upper limits of (t/π+) < 5 × 10−7and have been obtained.
Nuclear Physics B.
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[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A four-channel linear optical link has been developed to enable analogue data transmission in LHC experiments for the analogue front-end chip SCT128A. Signals from a prototype ATLAS SCT module, consisting of 12 cm long silicon strip detectors, connected to six 128 channel SCTA chips, have been transmitted at 40 MHz using the Mitel 4D469 VCSEL and matching PIN diode at a wavelength of 850 nm. Results are presented showing static and dynamic linearity, frequency response and noise. The overall performance of the complete chain is shown for 241Am spectra.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.
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M Keil,
W Adam,
E Berdermann,
P Bergonzo,
W de Boer,
F Bogani,
E Borchi,
A Brambilla,
M Bruzzi,
C Colledani, [......],
R Stone,
B Suter,
W Trischuk,
D Tromson,
E Vittone,
P Weilhammer,
N Wermes,
M Wetstein,
W Zeuner,
M Zoeller
[show abstract]
[hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Diamond is a promising sensor material for future collider experiments due to its radiation hardness. Diamond pixel sensors have been bump bonded to an ATLAS pixel readout chip using PbSn solder bumps. Single chip devices have been characterised by lab measurements and in a high-energy pion beam at CERN. Results on charge collection, spatial resolution, efficiency and the charge carrier lifetime are presented.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment.
