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ABSTRACT: A common topology found in many bistable genetic systems is two interacting positive feedback loops. Here we explore how this relatively simple topology can allow bistability over a large range of cellular conditions. On the basis of theoretical arguments, we predict that nonlinear interactions between two positive feedback loops can produce an ultrasensitive response that increases the range of cellular conditions at which bistability is observed. This prediction was experimentally tested by constructing a synthetic genetic circuit in Escherichia coli containing two well-characterized positive feedback loops, linked in a coherent fashion. The concerted action of both positive feedback loops resulted in bistable behavior over a broad range of inducer concentrations; when either of the feedback loops was removed, the range of inducer concentrations at which the system exhibited bistability was decreased by an order of magnitude. Furthermore, bistability of the system could be tuned by altering growth conditions that regulate the contribution of one of the feedback loops. Our theoretical and experimental work shows how linked positive feedback loops may produce the robust bistable responses required in cellular networks that regulate development, the cell cycle, and many other cellular responses.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 12/2009; 107(1):175-80. · 9.68 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Our goals are to construct a simple genetic clock that will stably oscillate in Escherichia coli and to identify the design principles and parameters responsible for oscillations. We previously described a simple genetic
circuit of linked activator and repressor operons that produced damped oscillations. Here, we altered the repression of the
activator operon and identified an oscillator that produces improved oscillations over our initial system. We also explored
mathematical models of the oscillator. Toy models were used to investigate the behaviors that may be obtained from our clock
circuitry. Depending on parameters, the circuitry produced a wide array of oscillatory systems, including sinusoidal and relaxation
oscillators. We also attempted to explicitly model all known interactions that affect the oscillator, producing a 32-dimensional
ODE model. This model can produce results similar to those obtained in experiments, and we have begun attempts to fit experimental
data to the model.
01/2009: pages 301-329;
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ABSTRACT: Two major approaches have been used to model circadian clocks. Qualitative modeling, used prior to the recent wealth of detailed molecular knowledge, makes general predictions but cannot provide detailed mechanistic insights. The more recent biophysical approach, on the other hand, incorporates the biochemical events that drive the clock and can make detailed and testable molecular predictions. These predictions are being tested using new experimental techniques that measure reaction kinetics and the behavior of individual cells. A joint modeling and experimental approach has recently been used to understand how mutations affecting phosphorylation can lead to a short circadian period in tau mutant hamsters and in humans with familial advanced sleep phase syndrome (FASPS). Another recent study has revealed novel single-cell phenotypes of clock gene mutations, demanding revision of current biophysical models yet validating certain model predictions that were previously overlooked. A new paradigm for clock research is emerging in which modeling inspires new experimental efforts, experimental data inspire new modeling efforts, and joint modeling/experimental studies lead to a deeper understanding of mammalian circadian rhythms.
Journal of Biological Rhythms 07/2007; 22(3):200-10. · 2.93 Impact Factor
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Molecular Systems Biology 02/2005; 1:2005.0014. · 8.63 Impact Factor
