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ABSTRACT: This review focuses on the importance of aerobic and resistance modes of physical activity for healthy aging as supported
by newly discovered and previously documented health-related benefits that were reported in 2007. Overall, the studies support
the prevailing view that both modes have measurable but often different health benefits. They reassert that the relative contribution
of aerobic activity is associated with improvements in symptoms related to pain and depression as well as attenuation in age-related
weight gain and that the benefits associated with resistance training are associated with increased functional autonomy and
favorable neural adaptations. Both modes are associated with a reduction in chronic disease risk. Data continue to accumulate
that a synergistic effect on health outcomes exists when both modes are combined. As such, the preferred exercise paradigm
would incorporate both forms of physical activity.
Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports 04/2012; 2(4):311-317.
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Angela Chalé-Rush,
Jack M Guralnik,
Michael P Walkup,
Michael E Miller,
W Jack Rejeski,
Jeffrey A Katula,
Abby C King,
Nancy W Glynn,
Todd M Manini,
Steven N Blair,
Roger A Fielding
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ABSTRACT: To determine whether participation in usual moderate-intensity or more-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with physical function performance and to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, and disease-related covariates that may also compromise physical function performance.
Cross-sectional analysis of baseline variables of a randomized controlled intervention trial.
Four academic research centers.
Four hundred twenty-four older adults aged 70 to 89 at risk for mobility disability (scoring <10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)) and able to complete the 400-m walk test within 15 minutes.
Minutes of MVPA (dichotomized according to above or below 150 min/wk of MVPA) assessed according to the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire, SPPB score, 400-m walk test, sex, body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, age, and number of medications.
The SPPB summary score was associated with minutes of MVPA (ρ=0.16, P=.001). In multiple regression analyses, age, minutes of MVPA, number of medications, and depressive symptoms were associated with performance on the composite SPPB (P<.05). There was an association between 400-m walk time and minutes of MVPA (ρ=-0.18; P<.001). In multiple regression analyses, age, sex, minutes of MVPA, BMI, and number of medications were associated with performance on the 400-m walk test (P<.05).
Minutes of MVPA, sex, BMI, depressive symptoms, age, and number of medications are associated with physical function performance and should all be taken into consideration in the prevention of mobility disability.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 10/2010; 58(10):1918-24. · 3.74 Impact Factor
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RD Angela Chalé-Rush PhD,
PhD Jack M. Guralnik MD,
Michael P. Walkup MS,
Michael E. Miller PhD,
W. Jack Rejeski PhD,
Jeffrey A. Katula PhD,
Abby C. King PhD,
Nancy W. Glynn PhD,
Todd M. Manini,
Steven N. Blair,
Roger A. Fielding PhD
[show abstract]
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ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether participation in usual moderate-intensity or more-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with physical function performance and to identify sociodemographic, psychosocial, and disease-related covariates that may also compromise physical function performance.DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline variables of a randomized controlled intervention trial.SETTING: Four academic research centers.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred twenty-four older adults aged 70 to 89 at risk for mobility disability (scoring <10 on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)) and able to complete the 400-m walk test within 15 minutes.MEASUREMENTS: Minutes of MVPA (dichotomized according to above or below 150 min/wk of MVPA) assessed according to the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors questionnaire, SPPB score, 400-m walk test, sex, body mass index (BMI), depressive symptoms, age, and number of medications.RESULTS: The SPPB summary score was associated with minutes of MVPA (ρ=0.16, P=.001). In multiple regression analyses, age, minutes of MVPA, number of medications, and depressive symptoms were associated with performance on the composite SPPB (P<.05). There was an association between 400-m walk time and minutes of MVPA (ρ=−0.18; P<.001). In multiple regression analyses, age, sex, minutes of MVPA, BMI, and number of medications were associated with performance on the 400-m walk test (P<.05).CONCLUSION: Minutes of MVPA, sex, BMI, depressive symptoms, age, and number of medications are associated with physical function performance and should all be taken into consideration in the prevention of mobility disability.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 09/2010; 58(10):1918 - 1924. · 3.74 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: We examined the effect of 28 days of overload on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in young adult (Y; 6-month old) and aged (O; 30-month old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats subjected to bilateral synergist ablation (SA) of two thirds of the gastrocnemius muscle or sham surgery (CON). Although plantaris (PLA) muscle hypertrophy was attenuated by aging, mTOR phosphorylation was 44% and 35% greater in Y SA and O SA compared with CON (p = .038). Ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation was 114% and 24% higher in Y SA and O SA compared with CON (p = .009). Eukaryotic initiation factor 2Bepsilon phosphorylation was 33% and 9% higher in Y SA and O SA compared with CON (p = .04). Translational signaling in young adult and aged plantaris muscle is equally responsive to chronic overload.
The Journals of Gerontology Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 10/2009; 64(12):1232-9. · 4.60 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Accumulating evidence suggests dietary fatty acids (FAs) may be sensed in the oral cavity. However, the effective cues have not been characterized. In particular, influences from other sensory cues have hampered identification of an independent gustatory contribution. Experiment 1 examined techniques to minimize the formation of FA oxidation products and improve the homogeneity of water/lipid emulsions to be used as stimuli in Experiment 2, a psychophysical study to determine FA detection thresholds in humans. Through sonication of chilled samples held in polypropylene labware and the addition of 0.01% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, calcium disodium salt, homogenous emulsions of unoxidized linoleic and oleic FAs were obtained. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed no oxidation product formation over a 24-h period. Coupled with these techniques, a masking approach was used to minimize other sensory cues imparted from linoleic, oleic, and stearic FAs. Concentration ranges from 0.00028% to 5% (w/v) were prepared in mixtures with 5% mineral oil (w/v) and 5% gum acacia (w/v) to mask lubricity and viscosity effects, respectively. Testing was conducted under red light with nares blocked to eliminate visual and olfactory cues. Oral rinses with 20 ppm capsaicin were administered to desensitize participants to selected irritation effects prior to remeasuring linoleic acid detection thresholds. To determine if the effective stimulus was an oxidation product, oxidized linoleic acid was included among the test stimuli. Detection thresholds were obtained using a 3-alternative, forced-choice ascending-concentration presentation procedure. The mean detection threshold for linoleic acid pre-desensitization was 0.034 +/- 0.008%, for linoleic acid post-desensitization was 0.032 +/- 0.007%, for oleic 0.022 +/- 0.003%, for stearic 0.032 +/- 0.005%, and oxidized linoleic 0.025 +/- 0.005%. The results suggest that linoleic, oleic, stearic, and oxidized linoleic acids are detectable in the oral cavity of humans with minimal input from the olfactory, capsaicin, and viscosity-assessing tactile systems.
Chemical Senses 07/2007; 32(5):423-31. · 2.60 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Selected free fatty acids (FFAs) are documented effective somatosensory and olfactory stimuli whereas gustatory effects are less well established. This study examined orthonasal olfactory, retronasal olfactory, nasal irritancy, oral irritancy, gustatory, and multimodal threshold sensitivity to linoleic, oleic, and stearic acids. Sensitivity to oxidized linoleic acid was also determined. Detection thresholds were obtained using a three-alternative, forced-choice, ascending concentration presentation procedure. Participants included 22 healthy, physically fit adults sensitive to 6-n-propylthiouracil. Measurable thresholds were obtained for all FFAs tested and in 96% of the trials. Ceiling effects were observed in the remaining trials. Greater sensitivity was observed for multimodal stimulation and lower sensitivity for retronasal stimulation. There were no statistically significant correlations for linoleic acid thresholds between different modalities, suggesting that each route of stimulation contributes independently to fat perception. In summary, 18-carbon FFAs of varying saturation are detected by multiple sensory systems in humans.
AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 06/2007; 292(5):G1206-12. · 3.43 Impact Factor
