Radosław Kaczmarek

Publications of Radosław Kaczmarek

• Patomechanisms in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

  Authors: Radosław Kaczmarek, Marta Misiuk-Hojło

  Klinika oczna. 01/2011; 113(1-3):64-7.

  Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remains the most common cause of recurrent retinal detachment following retinal detachment surgery. The development of PVR is a complex process involving humoralProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) remains the most common cause of recurrent retinal detachment following retinal detachment surgery. The development of PVR is a complex process involving humoral and cellular factors. Surgical treatment of PVR, which consists of removal of the fibrous membranes and restoration of physiological anatomic ocular conditions is often unsuccessful. Therefore the surgery should by backed up by local medication to inhibit new formation of proliferative lesions. Unfortunately, there is no satisfactory antiproliferative treatment available so far. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy remains a therapeutic challenge.

• [Alterations of Lewis histo-blood group antigen expression in cancer cells].

  Authors: Radosław Kaczmarek

  Postȩpy higieny i medycyny doświadczalnej (Online). 01/2010; 64:87-99.

  Carcinogenesis in various tissues is accompanied by alterations in protein and lipid glycosylation, such as changes in the expressions of Lewis histo-blood group antigens. Neoplastic transformationCarcinogenesis in various tissues is accompanied by alterations in protein and lipid glycosylation, such as changes in the expressions of Lewis histo-blood group antigens. Neoplastic transformation is often followed by changes in expression of one or more of these oligosaccharides in a pattern that is typical for the tissue. These alterations correlate with changes in the expressions of specific glycosyltransferases. Overexpression of Lewis antigens in some types of cancer might be a significant prognostic factor. Upregulation of Lewis(y), Lewis(b), and other alpha1,2-fucosylated oligosaccharides is linked to an increased tendency to metastasis and resistance to treatment. For example, invasive breast cancer of poor prognosis reveals high expression levels of Lewis(y) and Lewis(b). Lewis(x) is also overexpressed in breast cancer cells. Overexpression of Lewis(a) also occurs in precancerous states of stomach tissue. Upregulation of sialyl Lewis(a) correlates with the metastatic potential of colon and pancreatic malignancies and inversely with survival rate of patients. A similar relation was observed between sialyl Lewis(x) overexpression and malignancies of the lungs, prostate, urinary bladder, stomach, breast, kidney, and liver. Some of the Lewis antigens are ligands of specific receptors and adhesion molecules. For example, Lewis(x) is recognized by scavenger receptor C-type lectin (SRCL), which belongs to the group of innate immunity receptors. Sialyl Lewis(a) and sialyl Lewis(x) specifically interact with E- and P-selectins, which are key molecules in leukocyte rolling process. Ongoing research shows an increasing number of potential therapeutic applications related to the upregulation of Lewis antigens.

• Antiproliferative properties of mycophenolic acid on human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.

  Authors: Radosław Kaczmarek, Ewa Zaczyńska, Marta Misiuk-Hojło

  Klinika oczna. 01/2010; 112(7-9):201-4.

  Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive agent used in the prophylaxis of graft rejection in transplantology. Its antyproliferative effects on lymphocyte, monocytes, vascular smooth muscleMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive agent used in the prophylaxis of graft rejection in transplantology. Its antyproliferative effects on lymphocyte, monocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are well known, but to our knowledge there are no reports on its action on the retinal epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. In all experiments we used mycophenolic acid (MPC), which is the biologically active form of MME Its activity was assessed on the cultures of immortalized non-transformed cells line from a human donor (ARPE19). Cells were seeded and incubated in vitro with deferent concentrations of MPC: 0.0025 pg/ml, 0.025 pg/ml, 0.25 pg/ml, 2.5 pg/ml, 25 pg/ml and 250 microg/ml. After 24 and 72 hours of incubation, proliferative activity was assessed by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cellular DNA and the amount of cell proliferation was determined using the 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Additionally, to determine cytotoxicity of MPC, ARPE19 cells were grown to confluence and subsequently cultured in a serum-deficient medium and then, after 24 hours of incubation with different concentrations of MPC, the MTT test was performed. The BrdU assay showed the decrease of DNA synthesis activity for increasing concentrations of MPC starting with 0.025 microg/ml to 250 microg/ml. The number of RPE cells assessed with MTF test decreased after the exposition to the drug concentrations of 25 microg/ml and 250 microg/ml after 24 and 72 hours of incubation, and additionally for the concncentrations of 0.25 microg/ml and 2.5 microg/ml after 72 hours of incubation. MMF influences the proliferation of immortalized ARPE19 cells without evident cytotoxic effect.

• Antiproliferative effects of preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

  Authors: Radosław Kaczmarek, Peter Szurman, Marta Misiuk-Hojło, Andrzej Grzybowski

  Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 09/2009; 15(8):BR227-31.

  BACKGROUND: The control of retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation is an essential factor in the clinical management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Factors inhibiting PVR withoutBACKGROUND: The control of retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation is an essential factor in the clinical management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Factors inhibiting PVR without toxic potential are of special interest in ophthalmology. The aim of the study was to investigate the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of a preservative-free triamcinolone acetonide (PFTA) suspension on a human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE19) cell line in vitro. MATERIAL/METHODS: ARPE19 cells (immortal non-transformed cells from a human donor) were seeded and incubated in vitro with increasing concentrations of PFTA (0.01-1 mg/ml). After 1, 3, and 7 days, cellular proliferative activity was assessed by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into cellular DNA and cell proliferation was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. To determine cytotoxicity, ARPE19 cells were grown to confluence and subsequently cultured in serum-deficient medium to ensure a static milieu and the MTT test was performed after 24 hours of incubation with PFTA. Cell recovery after transient PFTA exposure was also compared with continuous exposure after 7 days. RESULTS: PFTA inhibits ARPE19 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Significant inhibition of cell proliferation was observed on the first day of the study at 1, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/ml PFTA and significant reductions in ARPE19 cells were noted for 1 and 0.1 mg/ml PFTA. Proliferation was resumed in all ARPE19 cultures and was dependent on the initial PFTA concentration. PFTA did not cause a cytotoxic effect. CONCLUSIONS: PFTA influences the proliferation of vital ARPE19 cells in a reversible manner without cytotoxic effect.

• [Prevalance of open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension as a risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma in Wroclaw population. Wroclaw Epidemiology Study]

  Authors: Maria Hanna Nizankowska, Radosław Kaczmarek

  Klinika oczna. 02/2004; 106(1-2 Suppl):147-52.

  OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of various types of open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) as a risk factor for AOG. The second aim of the study was toOBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of various types of open angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) as a risk factor for AOG. The second aim of the study was to determine the detection level of glaucoma in the population of Wroclaw inhabitants aged 40-79. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The population based cross-sectional sample of 4853 Wroclaw inhabitants aged 40-79 years underwent two stage examination. First stage of the study included medical history interview and five screening tests: tonometry, peripheric anterior chamber depth assessment by Van Herick technique, ocular nerve head (ONH) assessment by stereoscopic ophthalmoscopy, Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) and Nerve Fiber Analyzer (GDx) investigation. Second stage included complete ophthalmological examination with gonioscopy, static perimetry and 24 hours monitoring of intraocular pressure (IOP), and pachymetry in OH group. RESULTS: The prevalence of glaucoma in Wroclaw population aged 40-79 years was 1.6%. Open angle glaucoma (OAG) that includes primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), normal pressure glaucoma (NPG) and capsular glaucoma (PEX-glaucoma) was found in 1.53% of the population. Glaucoma detection level was low: 71% of all cases of glaucoma were diagnosed for the first time. The percentage of OH detected in Wrodaw population was 1.9%. Following the criteria of Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) we found that the pachymetric value of central corneal thickness (CCT) in OH group was less than 555 microm (thin cornea) in 12.5%, from 555 microm to 588 microm (normal thickness of central cornea) in 26.14% and more than 588 microm (thick cornea) in 61.36% of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The Wroclaw Epidemiological Study revealed OAG as 91% of overall glaucoma cases. The relatively high percentage of glaucoma cases was diagnosed for the first time. This number is higher than reported by other authors of population studies in white communities. In the OH group the 26.14% of the eyes with normal CCT has increased risk, and the 12.5% eyes with thin cornea has highly increased risk of POAG, according to OHTS results.