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ABSTRACT: Wild Vitis species are dioecious plants, while the cultivated counterpart, Vitis vinifera subspec. vinifera, generally shows hermaphroditic flowers. In Vitis the genetic determinants of flower sex have previously been mapped to a region on chromosome 2. In a combined strategy of map-based cloning and the use of the publicly available grapevine reference genome sequence, the structure of the grapevine flower sex locus has been elucidated with the subsequent identification of candidate genes which might be involved in the development of the different flower sex types. In a fine mapping approach, the sex locus in grapevine was narrowed down using a population derived from a cross of a genotype with a Vitis vinifera background ('Schiava Grossa' × 'Riesling') with the male rootstock cv. 'Börner' (V. riparia × V. cinerea). A physical map of 143 kb was established from BAC clones spanning the 0.5 cM region defined by the closest flanking recombination break points. Sequencing and gene annotation of the entire region revealed several candidate genes with a potential impact on flower sex formation. One of the presumed candidate genes, an adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, was analysed in more detail. The results led to the development of a marker for the presence or absence of the female alleles, while the male and hermaphroditic alleles are still to be differentiated. The impact of other candidate genes is discussed, especially with regard to plant hormone actions. The markers developed will permit the selection of female breeding lines which do not require laborious emasculation thus considerably simplifying grapevine breeding. The genetic finger prints displayed that our cultivated grapevines frequently carry a female allele while homozygous hermaphrodites are rare.
MGG Molecular & General Genetics 03/2012; 287(3):247-59. · 2.58 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: A population derived from a cross between grapevine breeding strain Gf.Ga-52-42 and cultivar 'Solaris' consisting of 265 F1-individuals was genetically mapped using SSR markers and screened for downy mildew resistance. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed two strong QTLs on linkage groups (LGs) 18 and 09. The locus on LG 18 was found to be identical with the previously described locus Rpv3 and is transmitted by Gf.Ga-52-42. 'Solaris' transmitted the resistance-related locus on LG 09 explaining up to 50% of the phenotypic variation in the population. This downy mildew resistance locus is named Rpv10 for resistance to Plasmopara viticola. Rpv10 was initially introgressed from Vitis amurensis, a wild species of the Asian Vitis gene pool. The one-LOD supported confidence interval of the QTL spans a section of 2.1 centi Morgan (cM) corresponding to 314 kb in the reference genome PN40024 (12x). Eight resistance gene analogues (RGAs) of the NBS-LRR type and additional resistance-linked genes are located in this region of PN40024. The F1 sub-population which contains the Rpv3 as well as the Rpv10 locus showed a significantly higher degree of resistance, indicating additive effects by pyramiding of resistance loci. Possibilities for using the resistance locus Rpv10 in a grapevine breeding programme are discussed. Furthermore, the marker data revealed 'Severnyi' × 'Muscat Ottonel' as the true parentage for the male parent of 'Solaris'.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics 09/2011; 124(1):163-76. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Grapevine rootstock cultivar 'Börner' is a hybrid of Vitis riparia and Vitis cinerea Arnold that shows high resistance to phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch). To localize the determinants of phylloxera root resistance, the susceptible grapevine V3125 (Vitis vinifera 'Schiava grossa' x 'Riesling') was crossed to 'Börner'. Genetic framework maps were built from the progeny. 235 microsatellite markers were placed on the integrated parental map. They cover 1,155.98 cM on 19 linkage groups with an average marker distance of 4.8 cM. Phylloxera resistance was scored by counting nodosities after inoculation of the root system. Progeny plants were triplicated and experimentally infected in 2 years. A scan of the genetic maps indicated a quantitative trait locus on linkage group 13. This region was targeted by six microsatellite-type markers newly developed from the V. vinifera model genome sequence. Two of these appear closely linked to the trait, and can be useful for marker-assisted breeding.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics 08/2009; 119(6):1039-51. · 3.30 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The inability of most European grapevines ( Vitis vinifera ) to produce 3,5-di-O-glucosides of anthocyanidin-3-O-glucosides while in other Vitis species diglucosides are found has long been used as a diagnostic tool for the classification of wines according to their varietal origin. A functional 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) gene and its nonfunctional allele were recently cloned from the heterozygous hybrid cultivar 'Regent'. Protein sequence comparison revealed only five amino acid substitutions and a truncation at the C-terminus in the inactive enzyme. Restoration of the C-terminus in the European allele alone proved to be insufficient for a reversal to a functional allele. An additional V121L transition located in close spatial vicinity of the catalytically active histidine in the active site of the nonfunctional protein was also essential to recover 5GT activity. Thus, two mutations render the 5GT inactive in V. vinifera and explain why revertants for this mutant allele have not been observed in breeding programs. The results have a significant effect on the classification and breeding of Vitis varieties and the evaluation of derived products.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 05/2009; 57(9):3512-8. · 2.82 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Plasmoparaviticola causes downy mildew of grapevine, one of the most important diseases in viticulture. Resistance to this oomycete is present
in American and Asian Vitis species, while traditional European Vitisvinifera cvs. for wine and table grape production are susceptible. Breeding aims to achieve resistance through introgression, but
the molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the differential display approach was used to detect grapevine genes
involved in defense. P.viticola sporangia were applied to the lower leaf surface of invitro plants of the resistant Vitisriparia selection ‘Gloire de Montpellier’ and susceptible cv. ‘Riesling’. Controls were treated with sterile water. Messenger RNAs
extracted 12h post infection were subjected to differential display. Seven transcripts appeared specifically induced during
the incompatible interaction. Sequencing showed that they build three classes. One of them, named VRP1, represented by three transcripts of almost identical sequence but differing lengths, showed clear homology to resistance
genes of the NBS-LRR type from other plants. Northern hybridizations confirmed its elevated expression in the resistant ‘Gloire
de Montpellier’. Redundancy of VRP1 PCR products from V.riparia prevented PCR-walking, so the VRP1 genes were isolated from a BAC-library of the resistant cv. ‘Regent’. Three genes matching the original VRP1 sequences were found within a BAC clone carrying a 134,392bp insertion. These were referred to as VRP1-1, 1-2 and 1-3. They encode proteins of 798, 811 resp. 813 amino acids and exhibit the structure of CC-NBS-LRR resistance
genes. They were genetically mapped to linkage group 10.
Molecular Breeding 09/2008; 22(3):421-432. · 2.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Sequence-characterized amplified regions markers (SCARs) were developed from six randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
markers linked to the major QTL region for powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) resistance in a test population derived from the cross of grapevine cultivars “Regent” (resistant)דLemberger”(susceptible).
RAPD products were cloned and sequenced. Primer pairs with at least 21 nucleotides primer length were designed. All pairs
were tested in the F1 progeny of “Regent”דLemberger”. The SCAR primers resulted in the amplification of specific bands
of expected sizes and were tested in additional genetic resources of resistant and susceptible germplasm. All SCAR primer
pairs resulted in the amplification of specific fragments. Two of the SCAR markers named ScORA7-760 and ScORN3-R produced
amplification products predominantly in resistant individuals and were found to correlate to disease resistance. ScORA7-760,
in particular, is suitable for marker-assisted selection for powdery mildew resistance and to facilitate pyramiding powdery
mildew resistance genes from various sources.
Molecular Breeding 01/2007; 19(2):103-111. · 2.85 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: Black Rot of grapevine is caused by the Ascomycet _Guignardia bidwellii_. The pathogen was introduced from North America to Europe in the 19th century. Since 2002, increased effects of the disease have been noticed, causing significant yield losses in the region of Mosel and infections in all German wine-growing regions. For that reason, it is important to breed Black Rot-resistant grapevine cultivars. A method has been developed to characterize lots of vines in a fast and reliable way concerning their susceptibility. Initial data has been collected and can be used for genetic analysis (here QTL). The aim of the project is to develop a molecular marker correlating with Black Rot resistance which can be used to select juvenile plants and therefore support the breeding of resistant cultivars.
Nature Precedings.
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ABSTRACT: Public debate about the possible risk of genetically modified plants often concerns putative effects of pollen dispersal and out-crossing into conventional fields in the neighborhood of transgenic plants. Though Vitis vinifera (grapevine) is generally considered to be self-pollinating, it cannot be excluded that vertical gene transfer might occur. For monitoring pollen flow and out-crossing events, transgenic plants of Vitis vinifera cv. 'Dornfelder' harboring the gus-int gene were planted in the center of a field experiment in Southwest Germany in 1999. The rate of pollen dispersal was determined by pollen traps placed at radial distances of 5-150 m from the pollen-donor plants, at 1.00 and 1.80 m above ground. Transgenic pollen was evaluated by GUS staining, and could clearly be distinguished from pollen originating from non-transgenic grapevine plants. Transgenic pollen was observed up to 150 m from the pollen donors. The rate of out-crossing was determined by sampling seeds of selected grapevines at a distance of 10 m to the pollen source, and of a sector at 20 m distance, respectively, followed by GUS analysis of seedlings. The average cross-pollination rate during the experiment (2002-2004) was 2.7% at a distance of 20 m. The results of this first pilot study present a good base for further assessment under the conditions of normal viticulture practice.
Environmental Biosafety Research 8(2):87-99.
