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Ashley Fowlkes,
Desiree Witte,
Judy Beeler,
Susette Audet,
Philip Garcia, Aaron Curns,
Chunfu Yang,
Richard Fudzulani,
Robin Broadhead,
William J Bellini,
Felicity Cutts,
Rita F Helfand
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ABSTRACT: Previously, we demonstrated that measles antibody prevalence was lower at age 12 months among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than uninfected children following measles vaccination (MV) at ages 6 and 9 months. Among HIV-uninfected children, measles antibody prevalence was lower among 1- than 2-dose MV recipients. Here, we report results through age 24 months.
Children born to HIV-infected mothers received MV at 6 and 9 months, and children of HIV-uninfected mothers were randomized to MV at 6 and 9 months or MV at 9 months. We followed children through age 24 months. The child's HIV status was determined and measles immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and by plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) on a subset.
Among HIV-uninfected children, the difference in measles antibody prevalence at age 12 months between one- and two-dose recipients reported previously by EIA was shown to be smaller by PRN. By age 24 months, 84% and 87% of HIV-uninfected children receiving 1 or 2 doses, respectively, were seroprotected. Only 41% of 22 HIV-infected children were measles seroprotected at age 20 months.
Measles seroprotection persisted through age 24 months among HIV-uninfected children who received 1 or 2 doses of MV. HIV-infected children demonstrated seroprotection through age 12 months, but this was not sustained.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases 07/2011; 204 Suppl 1:S149-57. · 6.41 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: To assess impact of the new US rotavirus immunization program initiated in 2006, robust baseline data on diarrhea and rotavirus disease burden are needed. While several studies have assessed burden in inpatient settings, few data are available for emergency department (ED) and outpatient settings.
We used the MarketScan databases, a large claims-based data repository, to analyze the health and economic burden of diarrhea-related healthcare encounters in children <5 years in inpatient, ED, and outpatient settings from 2001 to 2006. Because rotavirus testing and coding are not routinely performed, rotavirus burden was estimated by calculating excess diarrhea events during winter compared with summer baseline (winter residual method).
Between 2001 and 2006, the average annual rate of healthcare utilization for diarrhea was 1561 per 10,000 children <5 years, with a hospitalization rate of 50 per 10,000, ED visit rate of 180 per 10,000, and outpatient visit rate of 1332 per 10,000. The winter residual method attributed 53% of inpatient, 41% of ED, and 23% of outpatient diarrhea events to rotavirus. By age 5, we estimated that 1 in 74 children are admitted, 1 in 27 require ED care, and 1 in 7 are treated in outpatient settings for rotavirus illness. Median payments for rotavirus in inpatient, ED, and outpatient settings were $3135, $332, and $90, respectively.
Rotavirus causes substantial health and economic burden in US children, especially in ED and outpatient settings. Future monitoring through claims-based data sources should allow assessment of rotavirus vaccine impact on healthcare utilization for diarrhea.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 07/2009; 28(10):874-8. · 3.58 Impact Factor
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Anna M Likos,
Scott A Sammons,
Victoria A Olson,
A Michael Frace,
Yu Li,
Melissa Olsen-Rasmussen,
Whitni Davidson,
Renee Galloway,
Marina L Khristova,
Mary G Reynolds,
Hui Zhao,
Darin S Carroll, Aaron Curns,
Pierre Formenty,
Joseph J Esposito,
Russell L Regnery,
Inger K Damon
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ABSTRACT: Human monkeypox was first recognized outside Africa in 2003 during an outbreak in the USA that was traced to imported monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected West African rodents. Unlike the smallpox-like disease described in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; a Congo Basin country), disease in the USA appeared milder. Here, analyses compared clinical, laboratory and epidemiological features of confirmed human monkeypox case-patients, using data from outbreaks in the USA and the Congo Basin, and the results suggested that human disease pathogenicity was associated with the viral strain. Genomic sequencing of USA, Western and Central African MPXV isolates confirmed the existence of two MPXV clades. A comparison of open reading frames between MPXV clades permitted prediction of viral proteins that could cause the observed differences in human pathogenicity between these two clades. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and clinical and epidemiological properties of MPXV can improve monkeypox prevention and control.
Journal of General Virology 11/2005; 86(Pt 10):2661-72. · 3.36 Impact Factor
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The Lancet Infectious Diseases 11/2004; 4(10):604-5; discussion 605. · 17.39 Impact Factor
